Safety

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) represent an important breakthrough in the hydrogen energy industry. The safe utilization of hydrogen is critical for the sustainable and healthy development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. In this study risk factors and preventive measures are proposed for on-board hydrogen systems during the process of transportation storage and use of fuel cell vehicles. The relevant hydrogen safety standards in China are also analy Read More

Experiments are performed in hydrogen-oxygen mixtures at the cryogenic temperature of 77 K with the equivalence ratio of 1.5 and 2.0. The optical fibers pressure sensors and the smoked foils are used to record the flame velocity overpressure evolution curve and detonation cells respectively. The 1st and 2nd shock waves are captured and they finally merge to form a stronger precursor shock wave prior to the onset of detonation. The cryogenic temper Read More

While hydrogen is regularly discussed as a possible option for storing regenerative energies its low minimum ignition energy and broad range of explosive concentrations pose safety challenges regarding hydrogen storage and there are also challenges related to hydrogen production and transport and at the point of use. A risk assessment of the whole hydrogen energy system is necessary to develop hydrogen utilization further. Here we concentrate on Read More

This study investigates the light gas dispersion behaviour in a maintenance garage with natural or forced ventilation. A scaled-down garage model (0.71 m high 3.07 m long and 3.36 m wide) equipped with gas and velocity sensors was used in the experiments. The enclosure had four rectangular vents at the ceiling and four at the bottom on two opposing side walls. The experiments were performed by injecting helium continuously through a 1-mm dow Read More

This paper mainly introduces the main pain point of China's civil hydrogen energy supply chain - the problem of storage and transportation and analyzes the safety economy and scale effect and other issues of the existing hydrogen energy storage and transportation compares with other storage and transportation technology solutions and comprehensively screens out the storage and transportation technology solution mainly based on liquid h Read More

A unique hydrogen leak detection strategy is the use of powerless indicator wraps for fittings and other pneumatic elements within a hydrogen facility. One transduction mechanism of such indicators is a color change that is induced by a reaction between a pigment and released hydrogen. This is an effective way to detect hydrogen leaks and to identify their source before they become a safety event however this technology requires visual (manual) inspecti Read More

Gas leak detection on a production site is a major challenge for the safety and health of workers for environmental considerations and from an economic point of view. In addition flammable gas leaks are a safety risk because if ignited they can cause serious fires or explosions. For these reasons Acoem Metravib in collaboration with TotalEnergies One Tech R&D Safety has developed for the past four years a system called AGLED for the early detec Read More

Hydrogen is one of the most promising alternative sources to relieve the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Hydrogen can be stored as cryogenic compressed hydrogen (CcH2) to achieve high volumetric energy densities. Reliable safety codes and standards are needed for hydrogen production delivery and storage to promote hydrogen commercialization. Unintended hydrogen releases from cryogenic storage systems are potential accident scen Read More

The introduction of hydrogen in natural gas pipeline systems introduces integrity challenges due to the nature of interactions between hydrogen and line pipe steel materials. However not every natural gas pipeline is equal in regards to the challenges potentially posed by the repurposing to hydrogen. Existing codes and practices penalise high-grade materials on the basis of a perceived higher susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement in regards to their increas Read More

The capabilities of an OpenFOAM solver to reproduce the transition of stoichiometric H2-air mixtures to detonation in obstructed 2-D channels were tested. The process is challenging numerically as it involves the ignition of a flame kernel its subsequent propagation and acceleration interaction with obstacles formation of shock waves ahead and detonation onset (DO). Two different obstacle configurations were considered in 10-mm high × 1-m long cha Read More