Safety

The NREL Hydrogen Sensor Laboratory is comprised of researchers dedicated to furthering hydrogen sensor technology and detection methodology. NREL has teamed up with researchers at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) and Transport Canada (TC) to conduct research to quantify hydrogen emissions from Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV). Test protocols will have a large effect on monitoring and regulating the hydrogen emissions from Read More

The interaction of a shock wave with a specific angle or concave wall due to its reflection and focusing is a way to onset the detonation provided sufficiently strong shock wave. In this work we present numerical simulation results of the detonation initiation due to the shock reflection and focusing in a 90-degree wedge for mixtures of H2 and air. The code used was ddtFoam [1–3] that is a component of the larger OpenFOAM open-source CFD package of de Read More

: This article investigates how safety culture impacts the safety performance of blue hydrogen projects. Blue hydrogen refers to decarbonized hydrogen produced through natural gas reforming with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. It is crucial to decide on a suitable safety policy to avoid potential injuries financial losses and loss of public goodwill. The system dynamics approach is a suitable tool for studying the impact of factors controlling s Read More

Hydrogen as a clean fuel offers a practical pathway to achieve net-zero targets. However due to its physical and chemical characteristics there are some safety concerns for large-scale hydrogen utilisation particularly in process safety management. Leakage of gaseous hydrogen especially in semi-confined spaces such as tunnels can lead to catastrophic outcomes including uncontrolled fire and explosion. The current paper describes the outcome of a Read More

Hydrogen is a promising environmentally friendly fuel with the potential for zero-carbon emissions particularly in maritime applications. However owing to its wide flammability range (4–75%) significant safety concerns persist. In confined spaces hydrogen leaks can lead to explosions posing a risk to both lives and assets. This study conducts a numerical analysis to investigate hydrogen flow within hydrogen storage rooms aboard ships with the goal of develo Read More

The adoption of liquid hydrogen (LH2) as an energy carrier presents significant opportunities for distributing large quantities of hydrogen efficiently. However ensuring safety of LH2 transfer operations requires the evo lution of suitable technologies and regulatory framework. This study offers an extensive overview of technical considerations and safety aspects pertaining to liquid hydrogen installations and mobile applications. A signif icant lack of regulations Read More

Hydrogen has the potential to make countries energetically self-sufficient and independent in the long term. Nevertheless its extreme combustion properties and its capability of permeating and embrittling most metallic materials produce significant safety concerns. The Hydrogen Incidents and Accidents Database 2.0 (HIAD 2.0) is a public repository that collects data on hydrogen-related undesired events mainly occurred in chemical and process industry. Thi Read More

Hydrogen energy is considered the most promising clean energy in the 21st century so hydrogen refuelling stations (HRSs) are crucial facilities for storage and supply. HRSs might experience hydrogen leakage (HL) incidents during their operation. Hydrogen-producing and refuelling integrated stations (HPRISs) could make thermal risks even more prominent than those of HRSs. Considering HL as the target in the HPRIS through the method of fault tree an Read More

Hydrogen has become a key enabler for decarbonization as countries pledge to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050. With hydrogen infrastructure expanding rapidly beyond its established applications there is a requirement for robust safety practices solutions and regulations. Since the 1980s considerable efforts have been undertaken by the nuclear community to address hydrogen safety issues because in severe accidents of water-coo Read More

The Research Priorities Workshop (RPW) brought together experts from academia industry and government to identify and prioritise future research directions with regard to hydrogen safety. Over two days participants engaged in presentations and discussions covering key areas such as transportation and storage ignition phenomena cryogenic hydrogen risk assessment methodologies and others. A critical component of the workshop was the pri Read More