Norway
Repurposing Natural Gas Pipelines for Hydrogen: Limits and Options from a Case Study in Germany
Jul 2024
Publication
We investigate the challenges and options for repurposing existing natural gas pipelines for hydrogen transportation. Challenges of re-purposing are mainly related to safety and due to the risk of hydrogen embrittlement of pipeline steels and the smaller molecular size of the gas. From an economic perspective the lower volumetric energy density of hydrogen compared to natural gas is a challenge. We investigate three pipeline repurposing options in dept Read More
Artificial Intelligence-Driven Innovations in Hydrogen Safety
Jun 2024
Publication
This review explores recent advancements in hydrogen gas (H2 ) safety through the lens of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. As hydrogen gains prominence as a clean energy source ensuring its safe handling becomes paramount. The paper critically evaluates the implementation of AI methodologies including artificial neural networks (ANN) machine learning algorithms computer vision (CV) and data fusion techniques in enhancing hydrogen saf Read More
Validation of a Hydrogen Jet Fire Model in FDS
Sep 2023
Publication
Hydrogen jet fire occurs with high probability when hydrogen leaks from high-pressure equipment. The hydrogen jet fire is characterized by its high velocity and energy. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical analysis is a prominent way to predict the potential hazards associated with hydrogen jet fire. Validation of the CFD model is essential to ensure and quantify the accuracy of numerical results. This study focuses on the validation of the hydro Read More
Evaluating the Offshore Wind Business Case and Green Hydrogen Production: A Case Study of a Future North Sea Offshore Grid
Jun 2024
Publication
The European Union aims to increase its climate ambition and achieve climate neutrality by 2050. This necessitates expanding offshore wind energy and green hydrogen production especially for hard-to-abate industrial sectors. A study examines the impact of green hydrogen on offshore wind projects specifically focusing on a potential future North Sea offshore grid. The study utilizes data from the TYNDP 2020 Global Ambition scenario 2040 con Read More
Technical and Cost Analysis of Zero-emission High-speed Ferries: Retrofitting from Diesel to Green Hydrogen
Feb 2024
Publication
This paper proposes a technical and cost analysis model to assess the change in costs of a zeroemission high-speed ferry when retrofitting from diesel to green hydrogen. Both compressed gas and liquid hydrogen are examined. Different scenarios explore energy demand energy losses fuel consumption and cost-effectiveness. The methodology explores how variation in the ferry's total weight and equipment efficiency across scenarios impact results. A Read More
Assessing the Implications of Hydrogen Blending on the European Energy System towards 2050
Dec 2023
Publication
With the aim of reducing carbon emissions and seeking independence from Russian gas in the wake of the conflict in Ukraine the use of hydrogen in the European Union is expected to rise in the future. In this regard hydrogen transport via pipeline will become increasingly crucial either through the utilization of existing natural gas infrastructure or the construction of new dedicated hydrogen pipelines. This study investigates the effects of hydrogen blen Read More
Overview of International Activities in Hydrogen System Safety in IEA Hydrogen TCP Task 43
Sep 2023
Publication
Safety and reliability have long been recognized as key issues for the development commercialization and implementation of new technologies and infrastructure and hydrogen systems are no exception to this rule. Reliability engineering quantitative risk assessment (QRA) and knowledge exchange each play a key role in proactive addressing safety – before problems happen – and help us learn from problems if they happen. Many international res Read More
Safe Pipelines for Hydrogen Transport
Jun 2024
Publication
The hydrogen compatibility of two X65 pipeline steels for transport of hydrogen gas is investigated through microstructural characterization hydrogen permeation measurements and fracture mechanical testing. The investigated materials are a quenched and tempered pipeline steel with a fine-grained homogeneously distributed ferrite-bainite microstructure and hot rolled pipeline steel with a ferrite-pearlite banded microstructure. All tests are p Read More
Hydrogen Sampling Systems Adapted to Heavy-duty Refuelling Stations' Current and Future Specifications - A Review
Sep 2024
Publication
To meet the new regulation for the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure which sets targets for electric recharging and hydrogen refuelling infrastructure by 2025 or 2030 a large infrastructure comprising trucksuitable hydrogen refuelling stations will soon be required. However further standardisation is required to support the uptake of hydrogen for heavy-duty transport for Europe’s green energy future. Hydrogen-powered vehi Read More
Multiplier Effect on Reducing Carbon Emissions of Joint Demand and Supply Side Measures in the Hydrogen Market
Jun 2024
Publication
Hydrogen energy is critical in replacing fossil fuels and achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050. Three measures can be implemented to promote hydrogen energy: reduce the cost of low-carbon hydrogen through technological improvements increase the production capacity of low-carbon hydrogen by stimulating investment and enhance hydrogen use as an energy carrier and in industrial processes by demand-side policies. This article examines Read More
An Artificial Neural Network-Based Fault Diagnostics Approach for Hydrogen-Fueled Micro Gas Turbines
Feb 2024
Publication
The utilization of hydrogen fuel in gas turbines brings significant changes to the thermophysical properties of flue gas including higher specific heat capacities and an enhanced steam content. Therefore hydrogen-fueled gas turbines are susceptible to health degradation in the form of steam-induced corrosion and erosion in the hot gas path. In this context the fault diagnosis of hydrogen-fueled gas turbines becomes indispensable. To the authors’ knowledge t Read More
A Renewable Power System for an Off-grid Sustainable Telescope Fueled by Solar Power, Batteries and Green Hydrogen
Jul 2023
Publication
A large portion of astronomy’s carbon footprint stems from fossil fuels supplying the power demand of astronomical observatories. Here we explore various isolated low-carbon power system setups for the newly planned Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope and compare them to a business-as-usual diesel power generated system. Technologies included in the designed systems are photovoltaics concentrated solar power diesel generators batt Read More
Sonochemical and Sonoelectrochemical Production of Hydrogen
Aug 2018
Publication
Reserves of fossil fuels such as coal oil and natural gas on earth are finite. The continuous use and burning of these fossil fuel resources in the industrial domestic and transport sectors has resulted in the extremely high emission of greenhouse gases GHGs (e.g. CO2) and solid particulates into the atmosphere. Therefore it is necessary to explore pollution free and more efficient energy sources in order to replace depleting fossil fuels. The use of hydrogen Read More
Experiments and Simulations of Large Scale Hydrogen-Nitrogen-Air Gas Explosions for Nuclear and Hydrogen Safety Applications
Sep 2023
Publication
Hydrogen safety is a general concern because of the high reactivity compared to hydrocarbon-based fuels. The strength of knowledge in risk assessments related to the physical phenomena and the ability of models to predict the consequence of accidental releases is a key aspect for the safe implementation of new technologies. Nuclear safety considers the possibility of accidental leakages of hydrogen gas and subsequent explosion events in risk analysis. Read More
Cost Reduction in Low-carbon Hydrogen: Effective but Insufficient to Mitigate Carbon Emissions
Jun 2023
Publication
Many countries have announced hydrogen promotion strategies to achieve net zero CO2 emissions around 2050. The cost of producing low-carbon (green and blue) hydrogen has been projected to fall considerably as production is scaled up although more so for green hydrogen than for blue hydrogen. This article uses a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to explore whether the cost reduction of green and blue hydrogen production c Read More
The Impact of Methane Leakage on the Role of Natural Gas in the European Energy Transition
Sep 2023
Publication
Decarbonising energy systems is a prevalent topic in the current literature on climate change mitigation but the additional climate burden caused by methane emissions along the natural gas value chain is rarely discussed at the system level. Considering a two-basket greenhouse gas neutrality objective (both CO2 and methane) we model cost-optimal European energy transition pathways towards 2050. Our analysis shows that adoption of best ava Read More
Research and Development of Hydrogen Carrier Based Solutions for Hydrogen Compression and Storage
Aug 2022
Publication
Martin Dornheim,
Lars Baetcke,
Etsuo Akiba,
Jose-Ramón Ares,
Tom Autrey,
Jussara Barale,
Marcello Baricco,
Kriston Brooks,
Nikolaos Chalkiadakis,
Véronique Charbonnier,
Steven Christensen,
José Bellosta von Colbe,
Mattia Costamagna,
Erika Michela Dematteis,
Jose-Francisco Fernández,
Thomas Gennett,
David Grant,
Tae Wook Heo,
Michael Hirscher,
Katherine Hurst,
Mykhaylo V. Lototskyy,
Oliver Metz,
Paola Rizzi,
Kouji Sakaki,
Sabrina Sartori,
Emmanuel Stamatakis,
Alastair D. Stuart,
Athanasios Stubos,
Gavin Walker,
Colin Webb,
Brandon Wood,
Volodymyr A. Yartys and
Emmanuel Zoulias
Industrial and public interest in hydrogen technologies has risen strongly recently as hydrogen is the ideal means for medium to long term energy storage transport and usage in combination with renewable and green energy supply. In a future energy system the production storage and usage of green hydrogen is a key technology. Hydrogen is and will in future be even more used for industrial production processes as a reduction agent or for the productio Read More
Underground Hydrogen Storage in Caverns: Challenges of Impure Salt Stuctures
Oct 2023
Publication
Hydrogen is expected to play a key role in the future as a clean energy source that can mitigate global warming. It can also contribute significantly to reducing the imbalance between energy supply and demand posed by deploying renewable energy. However the infrastructure is not ready for the direct use of hydrogen and largescale storage facilities are needed to store the excess hydrogen production. Geological formations particularly salt caverns Read More
Effect of Relative Permeability Hysteresis on Reservoir Simulation of Underground Hydrogen Storage in an Offshore Aquifer
Mar 2023
Publication
Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in porous media is proposed to balance seasonal fluctuations between demand and supply in an emerging hydrogen economy. Despite increasing focus on the topic worldwide the understanding of hydrogen flow in porous media is still not adequate. In particular relative permeability hys teresis and its impact on the storage performance require detailed investigations due to the cyclic nature of H2 injection and with Read More
Hydrogen Relative Permeability Hysteresis in Underground Storage
Aug 2022
Publication
Implementation of the hydrogen economy for emission reduction will require storage facilitiesand underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in porous media offers a readily available large-scale option. Lack ofstudies on multiphase hydrogen flow in porous media is one of the several barriers for accurate predictions ofUHS. This paper reports for the first time measurements of hysteresis in hydrogen-water relative permeabilityin a sandstone core un Read More
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