Norway

Chapters:♦ Introduction by Rainer Quitzow and Yana Zabanova♦ The EU in the Global Hydrogen Race: Bringing Together Climate Action Energy Security and Industrial Policy by Yana Zabanova♦ Germany’s Hydrogen Strategy: Securing Industrial Leadership in a Carbon–Neutral Economy by Almudena Nunez and Rainer Quitzow♦ France’s Hydrogen Strategy: Focusing on Domestic Hydrogen Production to Decarbonise Industry and Mobility by Ines Bouacida♦ Read More

Hydrogen is an environmentally friendly fuel that can facilitate the upcoming energy transition. The development of an extensive infrastructure for hydrogen transport and storage is crucial. However the mechanical properties of structural materials are significantly degraded in H2 environments leading to early component failures. Pipelines are designed following defect-tolerant principles and are subjected to periodic pressure fluctuations. Hence these sy Read More

Green hydrogen is expected to play a vital role in decarbonizing the energy system in Europe. However large-scale deployment of green hydrogen has associated potential trade-offs in terms of climate and other environmental impacts. This study aims to shed light on a comprehensive sustainability assessment of this large-scale green hydrogen deployment based on the EMPIRE energy system modeling compared with other decarbonization p Read More

Hydrogen is on the rise as a substitute for fossil fuel in the energy sector. While this substitution does not happen dramatically the steady increase in hydrogen related research might be a good indicator of such desire. As it stands there are issues regarding its safe handling and use; consequently the health and safety subsectors observe the situation conspicuously. As we yet to know the behavior of hydrogen in critical situations uncertainties make the Read More

Ahead of a potential large-scale implementation of hydrogen as an energy carrier in society safety regulation systems should be in place to provide a systematic consideration of safety related concerns. Knowledge is essential for regulatory activities. At the same time it is challenging to obtain sufficient information when regulating emerging technologies – it may be difficult to address informational shortcomings in regulatory matters as analysts c Read More

This paper provides an in-depth examination of critical and strategic raw materials (CRMs) and their crucial role in the development of electrolyzer and fuel cell technologies within the hydrogen economy. It methodically analyses a range of electrolyzer technologies including alkaline proton-exchange membrane solid-oxide anion-exchange membrane and proton-conducting ceramic systems. Each technology is examined for its specific CRM dependencies o Read More

Renewable hydrogen is emerging as the key to a sustainable energy transition with multiple applications and uses. In the field of transport in addition to fuel cell vehicles it is necessary to develop an extensive network of hydrogen refueling stations (hereafter HRSs). The characteristics and properties of hydrogen make ensuring the safe operation of these facilities a crucial element for their successful deployment and implementation. This paper shows the o Read More

The European Union aims to deploy a high share of renewable energy sources in Europe’s power system by 2050. Large-scale intermittent wind and solar power production requires flexibility to ensure an adequate supply–demand balance. Green hydrogen (GH) can increase power systems’ flexibility and decrease renewable energy production’s curtailment. However investing in GH is costly and dependent on electricity prices which are important fo Read More

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are programmable robotic vehicles that can drift drive or glide through the ocean without real-time control by human operators. AUVs that also can follow a planned trajectory with a chosen depth profile are used for geophysical surveys subsea pipeline inspection marine archaeology and more. Most AUVs are followed by a mother ship that adds significantly to the cost of an AUV mission. One pathway to red Read More

Hydrogen is seen as a key energy carrier to reduce CO2 emissions. Two main production options for hydrogen with low CO2 intensity are water electrolysis and natural gas reforming with Carbon Capture and Storage known as green and blue hydrogen. Northern Norway has a surplus of renewable energy and natural gas availability from the Barents Sea which can be used to produce hydrogen. However exports are challenging due to the large distances Read More