Spain
Spray Characterization of Direct Hydrogen Injection as a Green Fuel with Lower Emissions
May 2024
Publication
A viable green energy source for heavy industries and transportation is hydrogen. The internal combustion engine (ICE) when powered by hydrogen offers an economical and adaptable way to quickly decarbonize the transportation industry. In general two techniques are used to inject hydrogen into the ICE combustion chamber: port injection and direct injection. The present work examined direct injection technology highlighting the need to understan Read More
Steam Electrolysis for Green Hydrogen Generation. State of the Art and Research Perspective
Jul 2024
Publication
With renewable energy sources projected to become the dominant source of electricity hydrogen has emerged as a crucial energy carrier to mitigate their intermittency issues. Water electrolysis is the most developed alternative to generate green hydrogen so far. However in the past two decades steam electrolysis has attracted increasing interest and aims to become a key player in the portfolio of electrolytic hydrogen. In practice steam electroly Read More
Alternatives for Transport, Storage in Port and Bunkering Systems for Offshore Energy to Green Hydrogen
Nov 2023
Publication
Offshore electricity production mainly by wind turbines and eventually floating PV is expected to increase renewable energy generation and their dispatchability. In this sense a significant part of this offshore electricity would be directly used for hydrogen generation. The integration of offshore energy production into the hydrogen economy is of paramount importance for both the techno-economic viability of offshore energy generation and the Read More
Life Cycle Assessment of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle that Employs Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Aug 2023
Publication
In recent years there has been a significant increase in the adoption of autonomous vehicles for marine and submarine missions. The advancement of emerging imaging navigation and communication technologies has greatly expanded the range of operational capabilities and opportunities available. The ENDURUNS project is a European research endeavor focused on identifying strategies for achieving minimal environmental impact. To measure th Read More
Empowering Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Towards Sustainable Transportation: An Analytical Assessment, Emerging Energy Management, Key Issues, and Future Research Opportunities
Oct 2024
Publication
Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have received significant attention in recent times due to various advantageous features such as high energy efficiency zero emissions and extended driving range. However FCEVs have some drawbacks including high production costs; limited hydrogen refueling infrastructure; and the complexity of converters controllers and method execution. To address these challenges smart energy management involving appropriate con Read More
Green Hydrogen Integration in Aluminium Recycling: Techno-economic Analysis Towards Sustainability Transition in the Expanding Aluminium Market
Feb 2024
Publication
The use of aluminum-based products is widespread and growing particularly in industries such as automotive food packaging and construction. Obtaining aluminum is expensive and energy-intensive making the recycling of existing products essential for economic and environmental viability. This work explores the potential of using green hydrogen as a replacement for natural gas in the smelting and refining furnaces in aluminum recycling facilities. The Read More
Life-cycle Assessment of Hydrogen Produced through Chemical Looping Dry Reforming of Biogas
Jun 2024
Publication
Chemical looping dry reforming of methane (CLDRM) using perovskites as a catalyst is considered a promising option for producing hydrogen from biogas. In this work the life-cycle performance of a system compiling a CLDRM unit paired with a water gas shift unit a pressure swing adsorption unit and a combined cycle scheme to provide steam and electricity was assessed. The main data needed to reflect the behavior of the reforming reaction was obtaine Read More
Multi-objective Optimization of a Hydrogen Supply Chain Network: Wind and Solid Biomass as Primary Energy Sources for the Public Transport in Sicily
Jun 2024
Publication
Europe’s heavy reliance on diesel power for nearly half of its railway lines for both goods and passengers has significant implications for carbon emissions. To address this challenge the European Union advocates for a shift towards hydrogen-based mobility necessitating the development of robust and cost-effective hydrogen supply chains at regional and national levels. Leveraging renewable energy sources such as wind farms and solid biomass could foster t Read More
Evaluation of CNG Engine Conversion to Hydrogen Fuel for Stationary and Transient Operations
Dec 2024
Publication
This study investigates the use of hydrogen (H2 ) as a substitute for compressed natural gas (CNG) in a heavyduty (HD) six-cylinder engine focusing on both port fuel injection (PFI) and direct injection (DI) systems. Numerical modeling in a 0D/1D environment was employed simulating engine operation under stationary conditions and during the worldwide harmonized transient cycle (WHTC) and worldwide harmonized vehicle cycle (WHVC) homologation Read More
Analysis of Hydrogen Value Chain Events: Implications for Hydrogen Refueling Stations’ Safety
Apr 2024
Publication
Renewable hydrogen is emerging as the key to a sustainable energy transition with multiple applications and uses. In the field of transport in addition to fuel cell vehicles it is necessary to develop an extensive network of hydrogen refueling stations (hereafter HRSs). The characteristics and properties of hydrogen make ensuring the safe operation of these facilities a crucial element for their successful deployment and implementation. This paper shows the o Read More
A Thermodynamically Consistent Methodology to Develop Predictive Simplified Kinetics for Detonation Simulations
Sep 2023
Publication
The number of species and elementary reactions needed for describing the oxidation of fuels increases with the size of the molecule and in turn the complexity of detailed mechanisms. Although the kinetics for conventional fuels (H2 CH4 C3H8...) are somewhat well-established chemical integration in detonation applications remains a major challenge. Significant efforts have been made to develop reduction techniques that aim to keep the predi Read More
Hydrogen Production by Wastewater Alkaline Electro-Oxidation
Aug 2024
Publication
The current work presents the electro-oxidation of olive mill and biodiesel wastewaters in an alkaline medium with the aim of hydrogen production and simultaneous reduction in the organic pollution content. The process is performed at laboratory scale in an own-design single cavity electrolyzer with graphite electrodes and no membrane. The system and the procedures to generate hydrogen under ambient conditions are described. The gas flow gener Read More
Hydrogen Production Technologies: From Fossil Fuels toward Renewable Sources. A Mini Review
Oct 2021
Publication
The global economic growth the increase in thepopulation and advances in technology lead to an increment in theglobal primary energy demand. Considering that most of thisenergy is currently supplied by fossil fuels a considerable amountof greenhouse gases are emitted contributing to climate changewhich is the reason why the next European Union bindingagreement is focused on reducing carbon emissions usinghydrogen. This study re Read More
Green Hydrogen Production—Fidelity in Simulation Models for Technical–Economic Analysis
Nov 2024
Publication
Green hydrogen production is a sustainable energy solution with great potential offering advantages such as adaptability storage capacity and ease of transport. However there are challenges such as high energy consumption production costs demand and regulation which hinder its largescale adoption. This study explores the role of simulation models in optimizing the technical and economic aspects of green hydrogen production. The proposed syste Read More
Environmental Assessment of a Hydrogen Supply Chain Using LOHC System with Novel Low-PGM Catalysts: A Life Cycle Approach
Nov 2024
Publication
Hydrogen has emerged as a key element in the transition to a sustainable energy model. Among hydrogen storage and transport technologies liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) stand out as a promising alternative for large-scale long-term use. Catalysts essential in these systems are usually composed of platinum group metals (PGMs) over alumina known for their high cost and scarcity. This study analyzes the overall environmental impact of the LO Read More
Hydrogen Recovery from Coke Oven Gas. Comparative Analysis of Technical Alternatives
Feb 2022
Publication
The recovery of energy and valuable compounds from exhaust gases in the iron and steel industry deserves specialattention due to the large power consumption and CO 2 emissions of the sector. In this sense the hydrogen content of coke oven gas(COG) has positioned it as a promising source toward a hydrogen-based economy which could lead to economic and environmentalbenefits in the iron and steel industry. COG is presently used for heatin Read More
Reducing the Environmental Impact of International Aviationg through Sustainable Aviation Fuel with Integrated Carbon Capture and Storage
Feb 2024
Publication
Sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) represent the short-term solution to reduce fossil carbon emissions from aviation. The Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) was globally adopted to foster and make SAFs production economically competitive. Fischer-Tropsch synthetic paraffinic kerosene (FTSPK) produced from forest residue is a promising CORSIA-eligible fuel. FT conversion pathway permits the integration of ca Read More
Design of a Hydrogen Refueling Station with Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis, Storage and Dispensing for a Bus Fleet in the City of Valencia
Jul 2024
Publication
Hydrogen technologies are evolving to decarbonise the transport sector. The present work focuses on the technical design of a Hydrogen Refueling Station to supply hydrogen to five buses in the city of Valencia Spain. The study deals with the technical selection of the components from production to consumption setting an efficient standardisation method. Different calculation are used to size the storage systems for 70.8 kg of hydrogen produced by the ele Read More
Coupling Wastewater Treatment with Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technology
Apr 2024
Publication
Fuel cells (FCs) and hydrogen technologies are emerging renewable energy sources with promising results when applied to wastewater treatment (WWT). These devices serve not only for power generation but some specific FCs can be employed for degradation of pollutants and synthesis of intermediates needed in WWT. Microbial FCs are potent devices for WWT even containing refractory pollutants. Despite being a nascent technology with high ca Read More
Impact of Medium-pressure Direct Injection Engine Fueled by Hydrogen
Dec 2023
Publication
In the automotive sector hydrogen is being increasingly explored as an alternative fuel to replace conventional carbon-based fuels. Its combustion characteristics make it well-suited for adaptation to internal combustion engines. The wide flammability range of hydrogen allows for higher dilution conditions resulting in enhanced combustion efficiency. When combined with lean combustion strategies hydrogen significantly reduces environm Read More
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