Applications & Pathways

This paper presents an innovative approach to fast frequency control in electric grids by leveraging parked fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) especially heavy-duty vehicles such as trucks. Equipped with hydrogen storage tanks and fuel cells these vehicles can be repurposed as dynamic grid-support assets while parked in designated areas. Using an external cable and inverter system FCEVs inject power into the grid by converting DC from fuel cells into AC t Read More

Electro-fuels (E-fuels) represent a potential solution for decarbonizing the maritime sector including pleasure vessels. Due to their large energy requirements direct electrification is not currently feasible. E-fuels such as synthetic diesel methanol ammonia methane and hydrogen can be used in existing internal combustion engines or fuel cells in hybrid configurations with lithium batteries to provide propulsion and onboard electricity. This study confirms th Read More

The green hydrogen transformation of the iron and steel industry is considered a technically viable option. Concretely large-scale renewable energy generation and water electrolyzer capacity are to be added to the production system. Given that renewables are intermittent and H2 demand is high there is continued reliance on the CO2 emitting upstream power system. This paper introduces a novel operating concept that regards an extended produ Read More

This study investigates the use of hydrogen (H2 ) as a substitute for compressed natural gas (CNG) in a heavyduty (HD) six-cylinder engine focusing on both port fuel injection (PFI) and direct injection (DI) systems. Numerical modeling in a 0D/1D environment was employed simulating engine operation under stationary conditions and during the worldwide harmonized transient cycle (WHTC) and worldwide harmonized vehicle cycle (WHVC) homologation Read More

The present work demonstrates a comparative study of hydrogen fuel cells and combustion aircraft to investigate the potential of fuel cells as a visionary propulsion system for radically more sustainable medium- to long-range commercial aircraft. The study which considered future airframe and propulsion technologies under the Se2A project was conducted to quantify potential emissions and costs associated with such aircraft and to determine the b Read More

Cruise ships function as a means of transport while simultaneously accommodating thousands of guests providing a holiday experience with various entertainment options. This translates to high energy requirements for propulsion and hotel operations typically covered by the combustion of fossil fuels. The operation of cruise vessels with fossil fuels contributes to carbon dioxide and also local harmful emissions in ports when shore power connecti Read More

The transition to sustainable energy has ushered in the era of electrofuels (e-fuels) which are synthesised using electricity from renewable sources water and CO2 as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. This paper presents a systematic review of the techno-economic (TEA) and life cycle assessments (LCAs) of e-fuel production. We critically evaluate advancements in production technologies economic feasibility environmental implications and potential soci Read More

The work carried out in this paper focused on “Machine learning models for the prediction of turbulent combustion speed for hydrogen-natural gas spark ignition engines”. The aim of this work is to develop and verify the ability of machine learning models to solve the problem of estimating the turbulent flame speed for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine operating with a hydrogen-natural gas mixture then evaluate the relevance of these models Read More

As a versatile energy carrier hydrogen possesses tremendous potential to reduce greenhouse emissions and promote energy transition. Global interest in producing hydrogen from renewable energy sources and transporting storing and utilizing hydrogen is rising rapidly. However the high costs of producing clean hydrogen and the uncertain application scenarios for hydrogen energy result in its relatively limited utilization worldwide. It is necessary to fi Read More

This study investigates hydrogen (H2) as a supplementary fuel in heavy-duty diesel engines using pre-manifold injection. A H2-diesel dual-fuel (H2DF) system was implemented on a commercial class-8 heavy-duty diesel truck without modifying the original diesel injection system and engine control unit (ECU). Tests were conducted on a chassis dynamometer at engine speeds between 1000 and 1400 rpm with driver-demanded torques from 10 to 75%. The hy Read More