Applications & Pathways
A Study on the Thermal Behavior of Series and Parallel Connection Methods in the Process of Hydrogenation of Ship-Borne Hydrogen Storage Cylinder
Feb 2024
Publication
As a subdivision of the hydrogen energy application field ship-borne hydrogen fuel cell systems have certain differences from vehicle or other application scenarios in terms of their structural type safety environmental adaptability and test verification. The connection method of the ship-borne hydrogen storage cylinder (SHSC) is very important for the hydrogen fuel cell ship and the structural parameters of the SHSC are particularly important in the hydrogen refueling process. To ensure the safe and reliable operation of the hydrogen-powered ship research on the filling of the SHSC under different connection modes was carried out during refueling. In our study a thermal flow physical model of the SHSC was established to research the hydrogen refueling process of the series and parallel SHSCs. The influence of series and parallel modes of the SHSCs on the hydrogen refueling process was explored and the evolution law of the internal flow field pressure and temperature of series and parallel SHSCs under different filling parameters was analyzed by numerical simulation. Our results confirmed the superiority of the parallel modular approach in terms of thermal safety during refueling. The results can supply a technical basis for the future development of hydrogen refueling stations and ship-board hydrogenation control algorithms.
A Comparative Total Cost of Ownership Analysis of Heavy Duty On-road and Off-road Vehicles Powered by Hydrogen, Electricity, and Diesel
Dec 2022
Publication
This study investigated the cost competitiveness using total cost of ownership (TCO) analysis of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) in heavy duty on and off-road fleet applications as a key enabler in the decarbonisation of the transport sector and compares results to battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and diesel internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Assessments were carried out for a present day (2021) scenario and a sensitivity analysis assesses the impact of changing input parameters on FCEV TCO. This identified conditions under which FCEVs become competitive. A future outlook is also carried out examining the impact of time-sensitive parameters on TCO when net zero targets are to be reached in the UK and EU. Several FCEVs are cost competitive with ICEVs in 2021 but not BEVs under base case conditions. However FCEVs do have potential to become competitive with BEVs under specific conditions favouring hydrogen including the application of purchase grants and a reduced hydrogen price. By 2050 a number of FCEVs running on several hydrogen scenarios show a TCO lower than ICEVs and BEVs using rapid chargers but for the majority of vehicles considered BEVs remain the lowest in cost unless specific FCEV incentives are implemented. This paper has identified key factors hindering the deployment of hydrogen and conducted comprehensive TCO analysis in heavy duty on and off-road fleet applications. The output has direct contribution to the decarbonisation of the transport sector.
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