Publications

The paper presents HyResponse project i.e. a European Hydrogen Safety Training Platform that targets to train First responders to acquire professional knowledge and skills to contribute to FCH permitting process as approving authority. The threefold training program is described: educational training operational-level training on mock-up real scale transport and hydrogen stationary installations and innovative virtual training exercises reproduci Read More

The use of and interpretation of Regulations Codes and Standards is important input when developing hydrogen systems and applications. This paper presents the work related to standardisation undertaken by DNV as part of the EU supported project H2SusBuild. During the H2SusBuild project a renewable (solar and wind) based full scale energy system with components for hydrogen storage hydrogen production by electrolysis and hydrogen consum Read More

This Hydrogen Roadmap aims to identify the challenges and opportunities for the full development of renewable hydrogen in Spain providing a series of measures aimed at boosting investment action taking advantage of the European consensus on the role that this energy vector should play in the context of green recovery. This Roadmap is therefore aligned with the 2021 Annual Sustainable Growth Strategy published by the European Commission whic Read More

Jet fires develop on release of hydrogen from pressurized storage depending on orifice pressures and volumes. Risks arise from flame contact dispersion of hot gases and heat radiation. The latter varies strongly in time at short scales down to milliseconds caused by turbulent air entrainment and fluctuations. These jets emit bands of OH in the UV and water in the NIR and IR spectral range. These spectra enable the temperature measurement and the e Read More

Methanol is regarded as an important feedstock for hydrogen production due to its high energy density and superior transportability. A tubular packed-bed reactor performing the methanol steam reforming (MSR) process was modeled by adopting computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to analyze its performance. Kinetic parameters of the reactions were adjusted according to the literatures and our previous experimental results. The methanol Read More

Hydrogen has the potential to be used by many countries as part of decarbonising the future energy system. Hydrogen can be used as a fuel ‘vector’ to store and transport energy produced in low-carbon ways. This could be particularly important in applications such as heating and transport where other solutions for low and zero carbon emission are difficult. To enable the safe uptake of hydrogen technologies it is important to develop the international scien Read More

This paper presents results of experimental investigations on spherical and cylindrical flame propagation in pre-mixed H2/air-mixtures in unconfined and semi-confined geometries. The experiments were performed in a facility consisting of two transparent solid walls with 1 m2 area and four weak side walls made from thin plastic film. The gap size between the solid walls was varied stepwise from thin layer geometry (6 mm) to cube geometry (1 m). A Read More

This report was created to ensure a deeper understanding of the role and commercial viability of energy storage in enabling increasing levels of intermittent renewable power generation. It was specifically written to inform thought leaders and decision-makers about the potential contribution of storage in order to integrate renewable energy sources (RES) and about the actions required to ensure that storage is allowed to compete with the other flexibility op Read More

The Programme Review Report ensures that the FCH JU programme is aligned with its strategy and objectives. This year the programme review was performed following a new procedure: it was carried out by the European Commission’s in-house science service the Joint Research Committee (JRC). The 2017 review pays particular attention to the added value effectiveness and efficiency of FCH JU activities. The review is structured around six pane Read More

Although hydrogen has been used in industry for decades its use as a fuel for vehicles or stationary power generation in consumer environments is relatively new. As such hydrogen and fuel cell codes and standards are in various stages of development. Industry manufacturers the government and other safety experts are working with codes and standards development organizations to prepare review and promulgate technically-sound codes and standar Read More

The formation of hydrogen jets from pressurized sources and ignition has been studied by many projects also when hitting hot devices. In the paper presented at the conference 2 years ago the ignition was caused by glow plug a “point like source” at various temperatures distances of igniter and source and source pressures. In continuation of that work ignition now occurred by 1 or 3 platelets of size 45 x 18 mm at a temperatures of 1223 K. Whe Read More

This paper summarises the results from a blind-prediction study for models developed for estimating the consequences of vented hydrogen deflagrations. The work is part of the project Improving hydrogen safety for energy applications through pre-normative research on vented deflagrations (HySEA). The scenarios selected for the blind-prediction entailed vented explosions with homogeneous hydrogen-air mixtures in a 20-foot ISO container. The tes Read More

In order to monitor a trace amount of Hydrogen in millisecond portable H2 sensor (Sx) was made by using mass spectrometer. The method of monitoring the hydrogen pulse of millisecond in exhaust gas is the increasing needed. Determining H2 concentration both inside and outside of the Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) for the optimized operations is becoming a critical issue. The exhaust gas of Fuel Cell Vehicle H2 consumption flushing and disposal around Fuel cell th Read More

Carbon-based nanocomposites have developed as the most promising and emerging materials in nanoscience and technology during the last several years. They are microscopic materials that range in size from 1 to 100 nanometers. They may be distinguished from bulk materials by their size shape increased surface-to-volume ratio and unique physical and chemical characteristics. Carbon nanocomposite matrixes are often created by combining more Read More

This paper addresses from both macro- and micro- areal coverage in introducing hydrogen system in terms of cost and performance where the produced hydrogen from surplus photovoltaic (PV) power is stored. Feed-in tariff in Japan had successful achievement for great expansion of renewable energy systems (RES) causing problematic operation due to excess power by overcapacity of RES. One of the candidate approaches to overcome this sur Read More

Ductile cast iron (DCI) is one of prospective materials used for the hydrogen equipment because of low-cost good workability and formability. The wide range of mechanical properties of DCI is obtained by controlling microstructural factors such as graphite size volume fraction of graphite matrix structure and so on. Therefore it is important to find out an optimal microstructural condition that is less susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. In this study the ef Read More

The number of hydrogen refuelling stations worldwide is growing rapidly in recent years. The first large capacity hydrogen refuelling station in China is under construction. A 3D quantitative risk assessment QRA）is conducted for this station. Hazards associated with hydrogen systems are identified. Leakage frequency of hydrogen equipment are analyzed. Jet flame explosion scenarios and corresponding accident consequences are simulated. Risk acce Read More

In this study an explosion channel is used to investigate flame dynamics in homogeneous hydrogencarbon monoxide-air (H2-CO-air) mixtures. The test rig is a small scale 6 m channel at a rectangular cross section of 300x60 mm. Obstacles of a blockage ratio of BR=60% and a spacing of s=300mm are placed in first part of the channel. A 2.05 m long unobstructed part in the rear of the channel allows for investigation of freely propagating flames and deto Read More

University of Pisa performed experimental tests in a 1m3 facility which shape and dimensions resemble a gas cabinet for the HySEA project founded by the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking with the aim to conduct pre-normative research on vented deflagrations in real-life enclosures and containers used for hydrogen energy applications in order to generate experimental data of high quality. The test facility named Small Scale Enclosure (SSE) Read More

When charging most types of industrial lead-acid batteries hydrogen gas is emitted. A large number of batteries especially in relatively small areas/enclosures and in the absence of an adequate ventilation system may create an explosion hazard. This paper describes full scale tests in confined space which demonstrate conditions that can occur in a battery room in the event of a ventilation system breakdown. Over the course of the tests Read More

The substitution of hydrogen for natural gas within a gas network has implications for the potential rate of leakage from pipes and the distribution of gas flow driven by such leaks. This paper presents theoretical analyses of low-pressure flow through porous ground in a range of circumstances and practical experimental work at a realistic scale using natural gas hydrogen or nitrogen for selected cases. This study considers flow and distribution of 100 Read More

Hydrogen is a valuable option of clean fuel to keep the global temperature rise below 2°C. However one of the main barriers in its transport and use is to ensure safety levels that are comparable with traditional fuels. In particular liquid hydrogen accidents may not be fully understood (yet) and excluded by relevant risk assessment. For instance as hydrogen is cryogenically liquefied to increase its energy density during transport Boiling Liquid Expandin Read More

This paper reports a new approach for exposing materials including solar cell structures to atomic hydrogen. This method is dubbed Shielded Hydrogen Passivation (SHP) and has a number of unique features offering high levels of atomic hydrogen at low temperature whilst inducing no damage. SHP uses a thin metallic layer in this work palladium between a hydrogen generating plasma and the sample which shields the silicon sample from damaging Read More

Australian regional communities are moving ahead of governments. Enterprising individuals are pushing ahead to find global solutions to local issues that governments (local or state or federal) have abandoned stalled mothballed or failed to resolve. We are faced with a flaw in retail of hydrogen economy as fatal as Walgett running dry or a million fish killed in Murray-Darling. The challenge in Australian regional communities will be to interpret safety as Read More

Usage of hydrogen as fuel gives rise to possible accidental risks due to leakage and dispersion. A risk from hydrogen leak is the formation of a large volume of the hydrogen-air mixture which could be ignited and leading up to a severe explosion. Prevention and control of formation and ignition of combustible hydrogen cloud necessitate sufficient knowledge of mechanisms of the hydrogen leak dispersion ignition and over-pressures generated during co Read More