Publications

Hydrogen has the potential to revolutionize how we power our lives from transportation to energy production. This study aims to compare the climate change impacts and the main factors affecting them for different categories of hydrogen production including grey hydrogen (SMR) blue hydrogen (SMR-CCS) turquoise hydrogen (TDM) and green hydrogen (PEM electrolysis). Grey hydrogen blue hydrogen and turquoise hydrogen which are derived from f Read More

Renewable energy-based water electrolysis for hydrogen production is an effective pathway to achieve green energy transition. However the intermittency and randomness of renewable energy pose numerous challenges to the safe and stable operation of hydrogen production systems with the wide power fluctuation adaptability and economic efficiency of electrolyzers being prominent issues. Hybrid electrolyzers combine the operational characterist Read More

Electrofuels fuels produced from electricity water and carbon or nitrogen are of interest as substitutes for fossil fuels in all energy and chemical sectors. This paper focuses on electrofuels for transportation where some can be used in existing vehicle/vessel/aircraft fleets and fueling infrastructure. The aim of this study is to review publications on electrofuels and summarize costs and environmental performance. A special case denoted as bio-electrofuels in Read More

Public perceptions might determine the ease of the transition from a fossil-based to a green hydrogen-based production pathway in the industrial sector. The primary objective of this paper is to empirically identify the antecedents of the acceptance of two relevant industrial applications of green hydrogen: green methanol and green steel. The analysis relying on linear regression models utilises survey data from samples of residents near a chemical park an Read More

This study investigates the techno-economic feasibility of a Power-to-X (PtX) system by integrating solarpowered hydrogen electrolysis with carbon capture and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis processes for e-fuel production in Basra Iraq. To this aim a comprehensive modeling framework is developed to cover the detailed simulation of E-fuel production along with the system cost analysis. The proposed PtX system is supposed to be located near the Hartha p Read More

In addition to the promotion of pumped storage and electricity storage batteries the minimum use of inexpensive thermal power generation for the regulation of power in Japan and other countries is being considered as a supply-demand stabilization device with the expected widespread introduction of renewable energy by 2050. Therefore this study analyzed the economics related to the introduction of solid oxide fuel cell combined cycle using li Read More

The demand for green hydrogen (H2) and related technologies is expected to increase in the coming years driven by climate changes and energy security of supply issues amid the European and global energy crises. The European Green Deal and REpowerEU Plan have identified H2 as a key pillar for reaching climate neutrality by 2050 and for the intensification of hydrogen delivery targets bringing the large-scale adoption of hydrogen production and ap Read More

Climate change necessitates the development of sustainable energy systems with hydrogen technologies playing a key role in this transition. Additive manufacturing (AM) offers a significant potential to enhance the efficiency of hydrogen energy components and reduce their costs through rapid prototyping design freedom and functional integration. This review provides the first comprehensive summary of the current state of research on the applicati Read More

Hydrogen is a carbon-neutral fuel so in theory it holds enormous potential. The use of hydrogen as a fuel for traditional internal combustion engines is becoming increasingly prominent. The authors now have the opportunity to retrofit a single-cylinder diesel research engine to an engine with hydrogen operation. For this reason before that conversion they prepared a comprehensive review study regarding hydrogen. Firstly the study analyzes the Read More

To address the issues of energy wastage and uncertainty impacts associated with high levels of renewable energy integration a multi-objective distributed robust low-carbon optimization scheduling strategy for hydrogen-integrated Integrated Energy Systems (IES) is proposed. This strategy incorporates a green hydrogen trading mechanism and lowcarbon demand response. Firstly to leverage the low-carbon and clean characteristics of hydrogen energy a Read More

A city of the future will need to be eco-friendly while meeting general social and economic requirements. Hydrogen-based technologies provide solutions for initially limiting CO2 emissions with prospects indicating complete decarbonization in the future. Cities will need to adopt and integrate these technologies to avoid a gap between the development of hydrogen production and its urban application. Achievable results are analyzed by injecting hydrogen int Read More

Hydrogen production via water electrolysis and renewable electricity is expected to play a pivotal role as an energy carrier in the energy transition. This fuel emerges as the most environmentally sustainable energy vector for non-electric applications and is devoid of CO2 emissions. However an electrolyzer´s infrastructure relies on scarce and energyintensive metals such as platinum palladium iridium (PGM) silicon rare earth elements and silver. Under Read More

Hydrogen tanks used in transportation are equipped with thermal pressure relief devices to prevent a tank rapture in case of fire exposure. The opening of the pressure relief valve in such a scenario would likely result in an impinging and (semi-) confined hydrogen jet fire. Therefore twelve largescale experiments of hydrogen jet fires and one large-scale propane reference experiment have been conducted with various degrees of confinement orientations o Read More

This paper examines the changes in the performance level and pollutant emissions of a combustion chamber for turbofan engines. Two different fuels are compared: a conventional liquid fuel of the JET-A (kerosene) class and a hydrogen-based gaseous fuel. A turbofan engine delivering a 70 kN thrust at cruise conditions and 375 kN thrust at takeoff is considered. The comparison is carried out by investigating the combustion pattern with different bounda Read More

China has emerged as a global leader in promoting new energy vehicles; however the impact of these efforts on the commercial vehicle sector remains limited. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are crucial for improving the environmental performance of commercial vehicles in China. This study evaluates the effectiveness of China’s Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle policies. Firstly an evaluation index system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle policies is established q Read More

The burgeoning adoption of photovoltaic and wind energy has limitations of volatility and intermittency which hinder their application. Electro-hydrogen coupling energy storage systems emerge as a promising solution to address this issue. This technology combines renewable energy power generation with hydrogen production through water electrolysis and hydrogen fuel cell power generation effectively enabling the consumption and peak load man Read More

This paper aims to present an overview of the current state of hydrogen storage methods and materials assess the potential benefits and challenges of various storage techniques and outline future research directions towards achieving effective economical safe and scalable storage solutions. Hydrogen is recognized as a clean secure and costeffective green energy carrier with zero emissions at the point of use offering significant contributions to re Read More

Hydrogen valleys are envisaged (imagined) integrated industrial systems where hydrogen is produced stored and utilized. Here we show how hydrogen valleys as sociotechnical imaginaries are differentiated in terms of their specific configurations but homogenous in terms of reflecting the interests of large industrial fossil fuel suppliers and consumers. This path dependence is anticipated in sociotechnical transitions theory which emphasises the power Read More

With the fast-growing implementation of renewable energy projects Morocco is positioned as a pioneer in green and sustainable development aiming to achieve 52% of its electricity production from renewable sources by 2030. This ambitious target faces challenges due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy which impacts grid stability. Hydrogen offers a promising solution but identifying the most cost-effective production configurations is critical Read More

: Hydrogen is a clean non-polluting fuel and a key player in decarbonizing the energy sector. Interest in hydrogen production has grown due to climate change concerns and the need for sustainable alternatives. Despite advancements in waste-to-hydrogen technologies the efficient conversion of mixed plastic waste via an integrated thermochemical process remains insufficiently explored. This study introduces a novel multi-stage pyrolysis-reformi Read More

The underlying physical mechanisms leading to the generation of blast waves after liquid hydrogen (LH2) storage tank rupture in a fire are not yet fully understood. This makes it difficult to develop predictive models and validate them against a very limited number of experiments. This study aims at the development of a CFD model able to predict maximum pressure in the blast wave after the LH2 storage tank rupture in a fire. The performed criti Read More

Green hydrogen is critical for decarbonizing hard-to-electrify sectors but it faces high costs and investment risks. Here we defne and quantify the green hydrogen ambition and implementation gap showing that meeting hydrogen expectations will remain challenging despite surging announcements of projects and subsidies. Tracking 190 projects over 3 years we identify a wide 2023 implementation gap with only 7% of global capacity announcements fnis Read More

Wind power-to-gas concepts have a high potential to sustainably cover the increasing demand for hydrogen as an energy carrier and raw material as it has been shown in the past that there is an enormous potential in energy overproduction which currently remains unused due to the shutdown of wind turbines. Thus there is barely experience in maritime production offshore storage and transport of large quantities of liquid hydrogen (LH2) due to the devel Read More

Hydrogen (H2) will play a vital role in the global shift towards sustainable energy systems. Due to the high cost and challenges associated with storing hydrogen in large quantities for industrial applications Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) in geological formations has emerged as a promising solution. Clay minerals abundant in subsurface environments play a critical role in UHS by providing low permeability cation exchange capacity and stability Read More

The concept of sustainability and green energy has become increasingly relevant in our lives especially in the face of climate change and the growing demand for sustainable solutions in the energy sector. Driven by renewable energies there is a continuous effort to research and develop alternative energy sources and fuels. In this context the European Union (EU) Strategy for Hydrogen (H) has emerged placing this source as one of the central pillars Read More

This Review provides an overview of the emerging concepts of catalystsmembranes and membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for water electrolyzers with anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) also known as zero-gap alkaline water electrolyzers. Much ofthe recent progress is due to improvements in materials chemistry MEA designs andoptimized operation conditions. Research on anion-exchange polymers (AEPs) has focusedon the cationic head/backbo Read More

Many off-grid communities in Canada are dependent on diesel generators to fulfill their utility and transportation needs causing destructive environmental impact. This study aims to optimize and investigate the technoeconomic feasibility of a hybrid renewable energy system to satisfy the 1.6 MWh/day electricity 184.2 kWh/day thermal and 428.38 kg/year hydrogen demand simultaneously Trout Lake a remote community of Northern Alberta. A novel hybrid Read More

On the path towards decarbonisation of the steel industry the use of H2 /NG blends in furnaces where high temperatures are needed is one of the alternatives that needs to be carefully studied. The present paper shows the CFD study carried out for a full-scale reheating furnace burner case. The real operating conditions as well as experimental measurements provided by the furnace operator were used to validate the results and reduce simula Read More

Power electronic converters are essential for connecting high-power electrolyzers to ac grids. The existing literature on comparative analyses of AC-DC power converters for electrolyzer applications is often limited to thyristor rectifiers (TRs) and diode bridge rectifiers with DC-DC converters. Interestingly active front-end (AFE) power converters have not garnered much attention. In addition critical aspects such as the impact of nonideal grid behavi Read More

Hydrogen production from electrolytic water based on Renewable Energy has been found as a vital method for the local consumption of new energy and the utilization of hydrogen energy. In this paper the hydrogen production power supply matching the working characteristics of electrolytic water production was investigated. Through the analysis of the correlation between the electrolysis current and temperature of the proton exchange membrane electro Read More

Hydrogen as an energy carrier will play an important role in the future in achieving sustainable development goals in the energy and mobility sectors as well as to reach decarbonization goals. Currently adopted hydrogen strategies foresee a significant increase in the amount of hydrogen used in the future. To meet this increased volume in the most sustainable way a careful analysis of potential hydrogen production technologies is necessary considering Read More

Alkaline water electrolysis is a promising clean hydrogen production technology that accounts for a small percentage of global hydrogen production. Therefore the technique requires further research and development to achieve higher efficiencies and lower hydrogen production costs to replace the utilization of non-renewable energy sources for hydrogen production. In this study electrodes are fabricated through fused deposition modelling 3 Read More

Our energy system is facing major challenges in the course of the unavoidable shift from fossil fuels to fluctuating renewable energy sources. Regional hydrogen production by electrolysis utilizing regional available excess energy can support the expansion of renewable energy by converting surplus energy into hydrogen and sup plying it to the end energy sectors as a secondary energy carrier or process media. We developed a methodology which all Read More

In the coming years as a result of changing climate policies and finite fossil fuel resources energy producers will be compelled to introduce new fuels with lower carbon footprints. One of the solutions is hydrogen which can be burned or co-fired with methane in energy generation systems. Therefore this study presents a thermodynamic and emission analysis of a gas turbine fueled by a mixture of CH4 and H2 as well as pure hydrogen. Numerical studies Read More

In the context of energy interconnection and low-carbon power the power-to-gas (P2G) carbon trading mechanism is integrated into the integrated energy system (IES) model of multi-energy coupling units to achieve lowcarbon economic dispatch considering both the economic and environmental benefits of system operation. First the characteristics of each unit in the system are comprehensively considered and a joint dispatch structure for a regionall Read More

Namibia is positioning itself as a green hydrogen superpower to supply the German market with the muchneeded energy carrier. While the hydrogen hype is marketed as a pathway facilitating the German and Euro pean green transition that is mutually beneficial for African interests social movements and affected commu nities have been denouncing green colonialist tendencies of the hydrogen rush. This paper is centring these claims. Applying a heuristic of Read More

Proliferation of co-located petrol-hydrogen fueling stations is an effective solution for widespread deployment of hydrogen as a transportation fuel. Such combined fueling stations largely rely on existing infrastructure hence represent a low-cost option for setting up hydrogen fueling facilities. However optimizing the layout of dual petrol-hydrogen fueling stations and their rational site selection is critical for ensuring the efficient use of re sources. Read More

Hydrogen is a pivotal driver of the green economy and clean energy transition and global efforts are underway to scale up hydrogen technology and its adoption. This study explores China’s hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) city clusters policy launched in 2021 involving five clusters consisting of 44 cities to boost the country’s hydrogen economy. Drawing on cluster theory collaborative network literature and evolutionary economic geography we inves Read More

The iron and steel industry contributes approximately 25% of global industrial CO2 emissions necessitating substantial decarbonisation efforts. Hydrogen-based iron and steel plants (HISPs) which utilise hydrogen-based direct reduction of iron ore followed by electric arc furnace steelmaking have attracted substantial research interest. However commercialisation of HISPs faces economic feasibility issues due to the high electricity costs of hydrogen p Read More

This paper presents a thorough initial evaluation of hydrogen gaseous storage and pipeline infrastructure emphasizing health and safety protocols as well as capacity considerations pertinent to industrial applications. As hydrogen increasingly establishes itself as a vital energy vector within the transition towards low-carbon energy systems the formulation of effective storage and transportation solutions becomes imperative. The investigation delves into th Read More

To enhance the accommodation capacity of renewable energy and promote the coordinated development of multiple energy this paper proposes a novel economic dispatch method for an integrated electricity–heat–hydrogen energy system on the basis of coupling three energy flows. Firstly we develop a mathematical model for the hydrogen energy system including hydrogen production storage and hydrogen fuel cells. Additionally a multi-device c Read More

Electrolysis which uses direct current is the most common way to produce hydrogen gas. However its efficiency is very low about 70%. The method used when current pulses are used by electrolysis is called pulse electrolysis. According to other studies this method can increase the efficiency of the production of hydrogen gas by the electrolysis of water. The main objective of this paper is to present a prototype of a converter that provides current pulses Read More

This research explores the optimal operation of an offshore wave-powered hydrogen system specifically designed to supply electricity and water to a bay in Humboldt California USA and also sell it with hydrogen. The system incorporates a desalination unit to provide the island with fresh water and feed the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen. The optimization process utilizes a mixture of experts in conjunction with the Quantitative Structure-Activity Rel Read More

The coupling of offshore wind energy with hydrogen production involves complex energy flow dynamics and management challenges. This study explores the production of hydrogen through a PEM electrolyzer powered by offshore wind farms and Lithium-ion batteries. A digital twin is developed in Python with the aim of supporting the sizing and carrying out a techno-economic analysis. A controller is designed to manage energy flows on an hourly basis. Thr Read More

Transformation of energy supply systems into green intensifies the use of renewable energy sources. Renewables cannot continuously supply energy. Therefore energy storage systems are very important in the whole system of generation and distribution. Anyway energy storage systems have many issues in terms of sustainability. This paper classified energy storage and analyzed issues in their sustainability solutions. In addition it determines the key Read More

Novel hydrogen-based aircraft concepts pose significant challenges for the system development process. This paper proposes a generic adaptable and multidisciplinary framework for integrated model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and model-based safety assessment (MBSA) for the conceptual design of complex systems. The framework employs a multi-granularity modelcentric approach whereby the architectural specification is utilized for desi Read More

The applications and need for large-scale long-duration electrical energy storage are growing as both the share of renewable energy in energy systems and the demand for flexibility increase. One potential application is the renewable hydrogen industry where temporal matching of renewable electricity generation and hydrogen production will be required in the future according to the new European Union regulations. In this paper a case study of Read More

A recent consensus to achieve carbon neutrality is promoting interest in the use of hydrogen and management of its production system. Among the several types of hydrogen green hydrogen is of most interest which is produced using power generated from renewable energy sources (RES). However several challenges are encountered in the stable operation of green hydrogen production systems (GHPS) owing to the inherent intermittent and variables Read More

This second edition of the European Maritime Transport Environmental Report (EMTER 2025) examines the progress made towards achieving Europe′s decarbonisation targets and environmental goals for the maritime sector while indicating the most important trends key challenges and opportunities. The objective was to update the indicators developed for the first report analyse new datasets and fill existing gaps to provide a data and knowledge-b Read More

By offering promising solutions to two critical issues – the integration of renewable energies into energy systems and the decarbonization of existing hydrogen applications – green hydrogen production through water electrolysis is set to play a crucial role in addressing the major challenges of the energy transition. However the successful integration of renewable energy sources relies on gaining accurate insights into the impacts that intermittent el Read More