Publications

In 2015 during the lead up to the Paris Climate Agreement the United States set forth a Nationally Determined Contribution that outlines national goals for greenhouse gas emission reductions. It was not until 2021 that the US put forth a long-term strategy that lays out the pathway to reach these goals. The US long-term strategy lays the framework for research needs to meet the greenhouse gas emission reduction goals and incentivizes industry to meet Read More

This study presents and analyses three plant configurations of the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) technology. All the solutions are based on using the OTEC system to obtain hydrogen through an electrolyzer. The hydrogen is then compressed and stored. In the first and second layouts a Rankine cycle with ammonia and a mixture of water and ethanol is utilised respectively; in the third layout a Kalina cycle is considered. In each configuration the Read More

This review presents a broad exploration of the techno economic evaluation of different technologies utilized in the production of hydrogen from both renewable and non-renewable sources. These encompass methods ranging from extracting hydrogen from fossil fuels or biomass to employing microbial processes electrolysis of water and various thermochemical cycles. A rigorous techno-economic evaluation of hydrogen production technologies c Read More

Currently modern hydrogen technologies due to their low or zero emissions constitute one of the key elements of energy transformation and sustainable development. The growing interest in hydrogen is driven by the European climate policy aimed at limiting the use of fossil fuels for energy purposes. Although not all opinions regarding the technical and economic potential of hydrogen energy are positive many prepared forecasts and analyses show its pr Read More

In recent years traditional fossil fuels such as coal oil and natural gas have historically dominated various applications but there has been a growing shift towards cleaner alternatives. Among these alternatives hydrogen (H2) stands out as a highly promising substitute for all other conventional fuels. Today hydrogen (H2) is actively taking on a significant role in displacing traditional fuel sources. The utilization of hydrogen in gas turbine (GT) power gen Read More

Promoting the development of China’s hydrogen energy industry is crucial for achieving green energy transition. However existing research lacks systematic studies on the spatial layout of the hydrogen industry chain. This study constructed a comprehensive theoretical framework encompassing hardware infrastructure software systems and soft power. Using multi-source heterogeneous data GIS analysis and NVivo text coding methods the current r Read More

Following a desktop study undertaken in 2021 to identify hazard scenarios associated with the use of liquid and compressed hydrogen on commercial shipping Shell has started a programme of large-scale experiments on the consequences of a release of liquid hydrogen. This work will compliment on-going research Shell has sponsored within several joint industry projects but will also address immediate concerns that the maritime industry has for the Read More

This work undertakes a techno‑economic comparative analysis of the design of photo‑ voltaic panel/wind turbine/electrolyzer‑H2 tank–fuel cell/electrolyzer‑H2 tank (configuration 1) and photovoltaic panel/wind turbine/battery/electrolyzer‑H2 tank (configuration 2) to supply electricity to a simulated house and a hydrogen‑powered vehicle on Jeju Island. The aim is to find a system that will make optimum use of the excess energy produced by renewable en Read More

Much has been learned about natural hydrogen (H2) seepages and accumulation but present knowledge of hydrogen behavior in the crust is so limited that it is not yet possible to consider exploitation of this resources. Hydrogen targeting requires a shift in the long-standing paradigms that drive oil and gas exploration. This paper describes the foundation of an integrated source-to-sink view of the hydrogen cycle and propose preliminary practical guid Read More

Hydrogen is regarded as an ideal zero-carbon fuel for an internal combustion engine. However the low mass flow rate of the hydrogen injector and the low volume heat value of the hydrogen strongly restrict the enhancement of the hydrogen engine performance. This experimental study compared the effects of single-injectors and double-injectors on the engine performance combustion pressure heat release rate and the coefficient of variation (CoVIMEP) Read More

Hydrogen flames are much thinner than hydrocarbon flames. They have a higher propensity to wrinkle and are subject to thermo-diffusive instabilities in lean conditions. The large scale experiments of Sherman under partially vented conditions have shown that the transition to detonation is possible with only modest flame acceleration to approximately 200 m/s which is much lower than the commonly accepted limits corresponding to choked flames. At Read More

The chances of a global hydrogen economy becoming a reality have increased significantly since the COVID pandemic and the war in Ukraine and for net zero carbon emissions. However intercontinental hydrogen transport is still a major issue. This study suggests transporting hydrogen as a gas at atmospheric pressure in balloons using the natural flow of wind to carry the balloon to its destination. We investigate the average wind speeds atmospheric pre Read More

The capabilities of an OpenFOAM solver to reproduce the transition of stoichiometric H2-air mixtures to detonation in obstructed 2-D channels were tested. The process is challenging numerically as it involves the ignition of a flame kernel its subsequent propagation and acceleration interaction with obstacles formation of shock waves ahead and detonation onset (DO). Two different obstacle configurations were considered in 10-mm high × 1-m long cha Read More

The depletion of reliable energy sources and the environmental and climatic repercussions of polluting energy sources have become global challenges. Hence many countries have adopted various renewable energy sources including hydrogen. Hydrogen is a future energy carrier in the global energy system and has the potential to produce zero carbon emissions. For the non-fossil energy sources hydrogen and electricity are considered the dominant e Read More

Blending hydrogen to existing fuel mix represents a major opportunity for decarbonisation. One important consideration for this application is the chemical interaction between hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels arising from their different combustion chemistries and varying considerably with combustion processes. This paper conducted an exploratory study of hydrogen’s impact on autoignition in several combustion processes where hydrogen is us Read More

This work formed part of the H21 programme whose objective is to reach the point whereby it is feasible to convert the existing natural gas (NG) distribution network to 100% hydrogen (H2) and provide a contribution to decarbonising the UK’s heat and power sectors with the focus on decarbonised fuel at point of use. Hydrogen has an ATEX Gas Group of IIC compared to IIA for natural gas which means further precautions are necessary to prevent the ignitio Read More

Feedstock-to-fuel conversion or “Fuel Production” is a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in life cycle assessment (LCA) of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) from wastes. Here we construct and demonstrate an original mass and energy conserved chemically rigorous LCA methodology for the production of Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids-Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HEFA-SPK) from Used Cooking Oil (UCO). This study proposes Read More

Accelerated decarbonisation of steelmaking oil refining and petrochemical industries is essential for climate change mitigation. Drawing on three longitudinal case studies of these industries in the UK this synthesis article makes a comparative analysis of their varying low-carbon reorientation speeds. The paper uses the triple embeddedness framework to analyse five factors (policy support international competition financial health technical feasibility corporate Read More

This study focuses on development of a CFD model able to simulate the experimentally observed critical nozzle diameter for hydrogen non-premixed flames. The critical diameter represents the minimum nozzle size through which a free jet flame will remain stable at all driving pressures. Hydrogen non-premixed flames will not blow-out at diameters equal to or greater than the critical diameter. Accurate simulation of this parameter is important for assess Read More

The steel industry which relies heavily on primary energy is one of the industries with the highest CO2 emissions in China. It is urgent for the industry to identify ways to embark on the path to “green steel”. Hydrogen metallurgy technology uses hydrogen as a reducing agent and its use is an important way to reduce CO2 emissions from long-term steelmaking and ensure the green and sustainable development of the steel industry. Previous research ha Read More

New hypotheses for reusing platforms reaching their end-of-life have been investigated in several works discussing the potential conversions of these infrastructures from recreational tourism to fish farming. In this perspective paper we discuss the conversion options that could be of interest in the context of the current energy transition with reference to the off-shore Italian scenario. The study was developed in support of the development of a natio Read More

The overuse of fossil fuels has caused a serious energy crisis and environmental pollution. Due to these challenges the search for alternative energy sources that can replace fossil fuels is necessary. Hydrogen is a widely acknowledged future energy carrier because of its nonpolluting properties and high energy density. To realize a hydrogen economy in the future it is essential to construct a comprehensive hydrogen supply chain that can make hydrogen a Read More

This paper presents work undertaken by the HSE as part of the Hytunnel-CS project a consortium investigating safety considerations for fuel cell hydrogen (FCH) vehicles in tunnels and similar confined spaces. The sudden failure of a pressurised hydrogen vessel was identified as a scenario of concern due to the severity of the consequences associated with such an event. In order to investigate this scenario experimentally HSE designed a bespoke and reus Read More

Trains have been a crucial part of modern transport and their high energy efficiency and low greenhouse gas emissions make them ideal candidates for the future transport system. Transitioning from diesel trains to hydrogen fuel cell electric trains is a promising way to decarbonize rail transport. That’s because the fuel cell electric trains have several advantages over other electric trains such as lower life-cycle emissions and shorter refueling time than ba Read More

The seasonally varying potential to produce electricity from renewable sources such as wind PV and hydropower is a challenge for the continuous supply of hydrogen for transport and mobility. Seasonal storage of energy allows to avoid the use of grid electricity when it is scarce; storage systems can thus increase the resilience of the energy system. For grid-neutral and renewable hydrogen production an electrolyser is considered together with a Po Read More