Spain

Although alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) is the most widespread technology for hydrogen production by electrolysis its electrochemical and fluid dynamic optimization has rarely been addressed simultaneously using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. In this regard a two-dimensional (2D) CFD model of an AWE cell has been developed using COMSOL® software and then experimentally validated. The model involves transport equations fo Read More

The current political scenario and the concerns for global warming have pushed very harsh regulations on conventional propulsion systems based on the use of fossil fuels. New technologies are being promoted but their current technological status needs further research and development for them to become a competitive substitute for the ever-present internal combustion engine. Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines have demonstrated the pot Read More

The hydrogen sector is envisaged as one of the key enablers of the energy transition that the European Union is facing to accomplish its decarbonization targets. However regarding the technologies that enable the deployment of a hydrogen economy a growing concern exists about potential burden-shifting across sustainability dimensions. In this sense social life cycle assessment arises as a promising methodology to evaluate the social implications of Read More

The production of biohydrogen with negative CO2 emissions through the steam methane reforming of biomethane coupled with carbon capture and storage represents a promising technology particularly for industries that are difficult to electrify. In spite of the maturity of this technology which is currently employed in the production of grey and blue hydrogen a detailed cost model that considers the entire supply chain is lacking in the literature. This Read More

Energy Intensive Industries (EII) are high users of energy and some of these facilities are extremely dependent on Natural Gas for processing heat production. In European countries where Natural Gas is mostly imported from external producers the increase in international Natural Gas prices is making it difficult for some industries to deliver the required financial results. Therefore they are facing complex challenges that could cause their delocaliza Read More

Industrial applications of hydrogen are key to the transition towards a sustainable lowcarbon economy. Hydrogen has the potential to decarbonize industrial sectors that currently rely heavily on fossil fuels. Hydrogen with its unique and versatile properties has several in-industrial applications that are fundamental for sustainability and energy efficiency such as the following: (i) chemical industry; (ii) metallurgical sector; (iii) transport; (iv) energy sector; and (v Read More

Nowadays there is an intense debate in the European Union (EU) regarding the limits to achieve the European Green Deal to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent in the world. In this context there are also different opinions about the role that thermal engines should play. Furhermore there is no clear proposal regarding the possibilities of the use of green hydrogen in the transport decarbonization process even though it should be a key element. Read More

H2 production via membrane-assisted steam methane reforming (MA-SMR) can ensure higher energy efficiency and lower emissions compared to conventional reforming processes (SMR). Ceramic-supported Pd–Ag membranes have been extensively investigated for membrane-assisted steam methane reforming applications with outstanding performance. However costs sealings for integration in the reactor structure and resistance to solicitation Read More

Innovative green vehicle concepts have become increasingly prevailing in consumer purchasing habits as technology evolves. The global transition towards sustainable transportation indicates an increase in new-generation vehicles including both fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) that will take on roads in the future. This change requires new-generation stations to support electrification. This study introduced a promin Read More

Future power systems in which generation will come almost entirely from variable Renewable Energy Sources (vRES) will be characterized by weather-driven supply and flexible demand. In a simulation of the future Dutch power system we analyze whether there are sufficient incentives for market-driven investors to provide a sufficient level of security of supply considering the profit-seeking and myopic behavior of investors. We cosimulate two agent-based Read More

: The global demand for energy and the need to mitigate climate change require a shift from traditional fossil fuels to sustainable and renewable energy alternatives. Hydrogen is recognized as a significant component for achieving a carbon-neutral economy. This comprehensive review examines the underground hydrogen storage and particularly laboratory-scale studies related to rock– hydrogen interaction exploring current knowledge. Using Read More

Industrial and public interest in hydrogen technologies has risen strongly recently as hydrogen is the ideal means for medium to long term energy storage transport and usage in combination with renewable and green energy supply. In a future energy system the production storage and usage of green hydrogen is a key technology. Hydrogen is and will in future be even more used for industrial production processes as a reduction agent or for the productio Read More

This article investigates the economic and environmental implications of implementing green ammonia production plants in Spain. To this end one business-as-usual scenario for gray ammonia production was compared with three green ammonia scenarios powered with different renewable energy sources (i.e. solar photovoltaic (PV) wind and a combination of solar PV and wind). The results illustrated that green ammonia scenarios reduced the environm Read More

At present energy demands are mainly covered by the use of fossil fuels. The process of fossil fuel production increases pollution from oil extraction transport to processing centers treatment to obtain lighter fractions and delivery and use by the final consumers. Such polluting circumstances are aggravated in the case of accidents involving fossil fuels. They are also linked to speculative markets. As a result the trend is towards the decarbo Read More

The use of compression ignition engines (CIEs) is associated with increased greenhouse gas emissions. It is therefore necessary to research sustainable solutions and reduce the negative environmental impact of these engines. A widely studied alternative is the use of H2 in dual-fuel mode. This review has been developed to include the most recent studies on the subject to collect and compare their main conclusions on performance and emissions. Read More

With renewable energy sources projected to become the dominant source of electricity hydrogen has emerged as a crucial energy carrier to mitigate their intermittency issues. Water electrolysis is the most developed alternative to generate green hydrogen so far. However in the past two decades steam electrolysis has attracted increasing interest and aims to become a key player in the portfolio of electrolytic hydrogen. In practice steam electroly Read More

In recent years there has been a significant increase in the adoption of autonomous vehicles for marine and submarine missions. The advancement of emerging imaging navigation and communication technologies has greatly expanded the range of operational capabilities and opportunities available. The ENDURUNS project is a European research endeavor focused on identifying strategies for achieving minimal environmental impact. To measure th Read More

The use of aluminum-based products is widespread and growing particularly in industries such as automotive food packaging and construction. Obtaining aluminum is expensive and energy-intensive making the recycling of existing products essential for economic and environmental viability. This work explores the potential of using green hydrogen as a replacement for natural gas in the smelting and refining furnaces in aluminum recycling facilities. The Read More

Europe’s heavy reliance on diesel power for nearly half of its railway lines for both goods and passengers has significant implications for carbon emissions. To address this challenge the European Union advocates for a shift towards hydrogen-based mobility necessitating the development of robust and cost-effective hydrogen supply chains at regional and national levels. Leveraging renewable energy sources such as wind farms and solid biomass could foster t Read More

Renewable hydrogen is emerging as the key to a sustainable energy transition with multiple applications and uses. In the field of transport in addition to fuel cell vehicles it is necessary to develop an extensive network of hydrogen refueling stations (hereafter HRSs). The characteristics and properties of hydrogen make ensuring the safe operation of these facilities a crucial element for their successful deployment and implementation. This paper shows the o Read More

The current work presents the electro-oxidation of olive mill and biodiesel wastewaters in an alkaline medium with the aim of hydrogen production and simultaneous reduction in the organic pollution content. The process is performed at laboratory scale in an own-design single cavity electrolyzer with graphite electrodes and no membrane. The system and the procedures to generate hydrogen under ambient conditions are described. The gas flow gener Read More

Green hydrogen production is a sustainable energy solution with great potential offering advantages such as adaptability storage capacity and ease of transport. However there are challenges such as high energy consumption production costs demand and regulation which hinder its largescale adoption. This study explores the role of simulation models in optimizing the technical and economic aspects of green hydrogen production. The proposed syste Read More

The recovery of energy and valuable compounds from exhaust gases in the iron and steel industry deserves specialattention due to the large power consumption and CO 2 emissions of the sector. In this sense the hydrogen content of coke oven gas(COG) has positioned it as a promising source toward a hydrogen-based economy which could lead to economic and environmentalbenefits in the iron and steel industry. COG is presently used for heatin Read More

Hydrogen technologies are evolving to decarbonise the transport sector. The present work focuses on the technical design of a Hydrogen Refueling Station to supply hydrogen to five buses in the city of Valencia Spain. The study deals with the technical selection of the components from production to consumption setting an efficient standardisation method. Different calculation are used to size the storage systems for 70.8 kg of hydrogen produced by the ele Read More

In the automotive sector hydrogen is being increasingly explored as an alternative fuel to replace conventional carbon-based fuels. Its combustion characteristics make it well-suited for adaptation to internal combustion engines. The wide flammability range of hydrogen allows for higher dilution conditions resulting in enhanced combustion efficiency. When combined with lean combustion strategies hydrogen significantly reduces environm Read More