Hydrogen Blending

The HyDeploy project is the UK’s first practical project to demonstrate that hydrogen can be safely blended into the natural-gas distribution system without requiring changes to appliances and the associated disruption. The project is funded under Ofgem’s Network Innovation Competition and is a collaboration between Cadent Gas Northern Gas Networks Progressive Energy Ltd Keele University (Keele) Health & Safety Laboratory and ITM Power. Cadent a Read More

The Aberdeen Vision Project could deliver CO2 savings of 1.5MtCO2/y compared with natural gas. A dedicated pipeline from St Fergus to Aberdeen would enable the phased transfer of the Aberdeen regional gas distribution system to 20% then 100% hydrogen.The study has demonstrated that 2% hydrogen can be injected into the National Transmission System (NTS) at St Fergus and its distribution through the system into the gas distribution network. Due Read More

Hydrogen mixed natural gas for combustion can improve combustion characteristics and reduce carbon emission which has important engineering application value. A casing swirl burner model is adopted to numerically simulate and research the natural gas hydrogen mixing technology for combustion in gas boilers in this paper. Under the condition of conventional air atmosphere and constant air excess coefficient the six working conditions for hyd Read More

A key element in the safe operation of a modern gas distribution system is gas detection. The addition of hydrogen to natural gas will alter the characteristics of the fuel and therefore its impact on gas detection must be considered. It is important that gas detectors remain sufficiently sensitive to the presence of hydrogen and natural gas mixtures and that they do not lead to false readings. This paper presents analyses of work performed as part of the Offi Read More

Blending hydrogen (H2) produced from PEM electrolysis coupled to Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the existing Natural Gas (NG) network is a promising option for the deep decarbonization of the gas sector. However blending H2 with NG significantly affects the thermophysical properties of the gas mixture changing the gas supply requirements to meet the demand. In this work different scenarios of green hydrogen blending (Blend Ratio BR equal to 5 Read More

The main goal of the project is to enable the wide adoption of H2NG (hydrogen in natural gas) blends by closing knowledge gaps regarding technical impacts on residential and commercial gas appliances. The project consortium will identify and recommend appropriate codes and standards that should be adapted to answer the needs and develop a strategy for addressing the challenges for new and existing appliances.This deliverable on market segmentatio Read More

The THyGA project (‘Testing Hydrogen admixture for Gas Applications’) focusses on technical aspects and the regulatory framework concerning the potential operation of domestic and commercial end-user appliances with hydrogen / natural gas blends.The core of the project is a broad experimental campaign with the aim to conduct up to 100 hydrogen tolerance tests. In addition the technical status quo and present knowledge about hydrogen impact on do Read More

The first applications of hydrogen in a natural gas grid will be the admixing of low concentrations in an existing distribution grid. For easy quality and process control it is essential to monitor the hydrogen concentration in real time preferably using cost effective monitoring solutions. In this paper we introduce the use of a platinum based hydrogen sensor that can accurately (at 0.1 vol%) and reversibly monitor the concentration of hydrogen in a carrier gas. Read More

An overview of the HyDeploy project at Keele University where hydrogen is being blended with natural gas to demonstrate the feasibility of using hydrogen to heat our homes.

A project overview of HyDeploy project led by Cadent Gas and supported by Northern Gas Networks Progressive Energy Ltd Keele University HSE – Science Division and ITM Power.First Phase:HyDeploy at Keele is the first stage of this three stage programme. In November 2019 the UK Health & Safety Executive gave permission to run a live test of blended hydrogen and natural gas on part of the private gas network at Keele University campus in Staffords Read More

HyDeploy is a pioneering hydrogen energy project designed to help reduce UK CO2 emissions and reach the Government’s net zero target for 2050.As the first ever live demonstration of hydrogen in homes HyDeploy aims to prove that blending up to 20% volume of hydrogen with natural gas is a safe and greener alternative to the gas we use now.  It is  providing evidence on how customers don’t have to change their cooking or heating appliances t Read More

The HyDeploy project seeks to address a key issue for UK customers: how to reduce the carbon they emit in heating their homes. The UK has a world class gas grid delivering heat conveniently and safely to over 83% of homes. Emissions can be reduced by lowering the carbon content of gas through blending with hydrogen. This delivers carbon savings without customers requiring disruptive and expensive changes in their homes. It also provides the plat Read More

The use of hydrogen in small scale gas turbines is currently limited by several issues. Blending hydrogen with methane or other gaseous fuels can be considered a low medium-term viable solution with the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In fact only small amounts can be mixed with methane in premixed combustors due to the risk of flashback. The aim of this article is to investigate the injection of small quantities of steam as a method of Read More

Climate change is one of today’s most pressing global challenges. Since the emission of greenhouse gases is often closely related to the use and supply of energy the goal to avoid emissions requires a fundamental restructuring of the energy system including all parts of the technology chains from production to end-use. Natural gas is today one of the most important primary energy sources in Europe with utilization ranging from power generation and ind Read More

Laminar burning velocities (SL) of hydrogen/ammonia mixtures in air at atmospheric pressure were studied experimentally and numerically. The blending of hydrogen with ammonia two fuels that have been proposed as promising carriers for renewable energy causes the laminar flame speed of the mixture SL to decrease significantly. However details of this have not previously available. Systematic measurements were therefore performed for a series of h Read More

Hydrogen is increasingly receiving a primary role as an energy vector in ensuring the achievement of the European decarbonization goals by 2050. In fact Hydrogen could be produced also by electrolysis of water using renewable sources such as photovoltaic and wind power being able to perform the energy storage function as well as through injection into natural gas infrastructures. However hydrogen injection directly impacts thermodynamic properti Read More

Decarbonization of energy economy is nowadays a topical theme and several pathways are under discussion. Gaseous fuels have a fundamental role for this transition and the production of low carbon-impact fuels is necessary to deal with this challenge. The generation of renewable hydrogen is a trusted solution since this energy vector can be promptly produced from electricity and injected into the existing natural gas infrastructure granting storage capac Read More

In recent years various studies have put forward the prospect of relying on low-carbon or renewable gases such as green hydrogen (H2) or biomethane to replace the supply of natural gas. Hydrogen in particular is receiving much attention as a versatile energy carrier that could complement direct electrification in a plethora of end-uses and questions over its production and deployment play an important part in the ongoing discussions around the energy c Read More

Experimental research on performance and emissions of engine fuelled with low calorific value gas blended with hydrogen was carried out and indicated thermal efficiency engine torque indicator diagram pressure rise rate and emissions with different hydrogen ratios were also analyzed. Experimental results show that with the increase of hydrogen fraction and CNG fraction in mixtures the indicated thermal efficiency increased. The engine power outpu Read More

The report analyses the technical impacts to end-users of natural gas in Australian distribution networks when up to 10% hydrogen (by volume) is mixed with natural gas.The full report can be found at this link.

To avoid the potential adverse impacts of climate change from global warming it is suggested that the target of net zero emissions should be reached by this mid-century. Thailand is aiming to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Since electricity generation is one of the largest producers of carbon dioxide emission the associated emissions must be greatly reduced to achieve the targets mentioned above. Thus new generation expansion plans must be well de Read More

The growing rate of electricity generation from renewables is leading to new operational and management issues on the power grid because the electricity generated exceeds local requirements and the transportation or storage capacities are inadequate. An interesting option that is under investigation by several years is the opportunity to use the renewable electricity surplus to power electrolyzers that split water into its component parts with the hy Read More

The use of hydrogen as a non-emission energy carrier is important for the innovative development of the power-generation industry. Transmission pipelines are the most efficient and economic method of transporting large quantities of hydrogen in a number of variants. A comprehensive hydraulic analysis of hydrogen transmission at a mass flow rate of 0.3 to 3.0 kg/s (volume flow rates from 12000 Nm3/h to 120000 Nm3/h) was performed. The metho Read More

The project has successfully developed the safety case and delivered a hydrogen blend via the gas network into customers’ homes. The demonstration of safety for the specific network was based on robust evidence and clear operational procedures. Alongside the enabling safety case the HyDeploy project has demonstrated the first steps of hydrogen deployment are safe technically feasible and non-disruptive both for the network and domestic users.Th Read More

Biogas is a renewable gas with low heat energy which makes it extremely difficult to use as fuel in conventional natural gas equipment. Nonetheless the use of hydrogen as a biogas additive has proven to have a beneficial effect on flame stability and combustion behavior. This study evaluates the biogas–hydrogen combustion in a conventional natural gas burner able to work up to 100 kW. Tests were performed for three different compositions of biogas: BG7 Read More

Blending hydrogen into the gas grid could be an important stepping stone during the transition to a sustainable net zero system. In particular it may: provide a significant and reliable source of demand for hydrogen producers supporting the investment case for hydrogen; provide learnings and incremental change towards what could potentially become a 100% hydrogen grid; and immediately decarbonise a portion of the gas flowing through the grid. Technic Read More

To study the effect of hydrogen-blended natural gas on the combustion stability and emission of domestic gas water heater a test system is built in this paper taking a unit of the partial premixed burner commonly used in water heaters as the object. Under the heat load of 0.7~2.3kW the changes of flame shape burner temperature and pollutant emission of natural gas with hydrogen volume ratio of 0~40% are studied with independent control of primary Read More

This study has been commissioned by the gas transporters as part of the Gas Goes Green (GGG)2 work programme to develop and report a ‘gas transporter view’ on how to facilitate hydrogen blending from industrial clusters which are likely to form the initial source for hydrogen blending in the gas network. This view has been developed through engagement carried out with industrial clusters and other stakeholders as well as drawing on learnings from a p Read More

This episode examines how we are tackling a sustainable future – with Net Zero hurtling towards us at great pace. We’re around a year on from the pledges made at COP26 the UK’s Green Recovery initiative is well under way and by next year Britain is aiming to blend up to 20 per cent hydrogen into its gas networks. So now is the time to continue to unlock new insight and understand further the realities of both the challenges and opportunities ahead Read More

To meet the target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions hydrogen as a carbon-free fuel is expected to play a major role in future energy supplies. A challenge with hydrogen is its low density and volumetric energy value meaning that large tanks are needed to store and transport it. By injecting hydrogen into the natural gas network the transportation issue could be solved if the hydrogen–natural gas mixture satisfies the grid gas quality requiremen Read More

Taking into account the international policies in the field of environmental protection in the world in general and in the European Union in particular the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and primarily of carbon dioxide has become one of the most important objectives. This can be obtained through various renewable energy sources and non-polluting technologies such as the mixing of hydrogen and natural gas. Combining hydrogen w Read More

Hydrogen production from renewable energy is gaining increasing attention to enhance energy consumption structure and foster a more eco-friendly and sustainable society. At the same time mixing hydrogen with natural gas and supplying it to civilians is one of the best ways to reduce carbon emissions and increase the reliability of technology while reducing the costs of storing and transporting hydrogen. Even though numerous researchers have cond Read More

The core of carbon neutrality is the energy structure adjustment and economic structure transformation. Hydrogen energy as a kind of clean energy with great potential has provided important support for the implementation of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals of China. How to achieve the large-range safe and reliable transportation of hydrogen energy with good economic benefits remains the key to limiting the development of hydrogen Read More

Hydrogen energy represents a crucial pathway towards achieving carbon neutrality and is a pivotal facet of future strategic emerging industries. The safe and efficient transportation of hydrogen is a key link in the entire chain development of the hydrogen energy industry’s “production storage and transportation”. Mixing hydrogen into natural gas pipelines for transportation is the potential best way to achieve large-scale long-distance safe an Read More

A thorough investigation of the thermodynamics and economic performance of a cogeneration system based on solid oxide fuel cells that provides heat and power to homes has been carried out in this study. Additionally different percentages of green hydrogen have been blended with natural gas to examine the techno-economic performance of the suggested cogeneration system. The energy and exergy efficiency of the system rises steadily as the hydro Read More

In this paper the effects of hydrogen on the transport of natural gas-hydrogen mixture in a high-pressure natural gas transmission system are investigated in detail. Our research focuses on the decrease in transferable energy content under identical operating conditions as hydrogen is blended in the gas transmission network. Based on the extensive literature review the outstanding challenges and key questions of using hydrogen in the natural gas Read More

This work demonstrates the need for accurate thermodynamic models to reliably quantify changes in the thermophysical properties of natural gas when blended with hydrogen. For this purpose a systematic evaluation was carried out on the predictive accuracy of three well-known models the Peng−Robinson equation of state (EoS) the multiparameter empirical GERG-2008 model and the molecular-based polar softSAFT EoS in describing the thermodyn Read More

The present work is concerned with the evaluation of the tightness of the components located on domestic and commercial gas lines from the gas meter to the end user appliance in presence of a mixture 40%H2+60%CH4 at 35 mbar. The components were taken from installations being used currently in Germany Denmark Belgium and France. The current standard methods to evaluate natural gas distribution tightness propose testing duration of s Read More

Direct injection of alternative fuels (biomethane hydrogen) in the natural gas grid appears to be a promising solution to reach environmental objectives of CO2 emission reduction in the current energy scenario. This approach is justified by the large amount of biogas producible which can be upgraded to biomethane; while another proposed solution to increase renewable energy sources exploitation lies in producing hydrogen from excess wind ene Read More

In 2020 the European Commission launched a hydrogen strategy for a climate-neutral Europe setting out the conditions and actions for mainstreaming clean hydrogen along with targets for installing renewable hydrogen electrolysers by 2024 and 2030. Blending hydrogen alongside other gases into the existing gas grid is considered a possible interim first step towards decarbonising natural gas. In the present analysis we modelled electrolytic hydrogen gener Read More

The impact of hydrogen added to natural gas on the performance of commercial domestic water heating devices has been discussed in several recent papers in the literature. Much of the work focuses on performance at specific hydrogen levels (by volume) up to 20–30% as a near term blend target. In the current work new data on several commercial devices have been obtained to help quantify upper limits based on flashback limits. In addition resul Read More

The author discusses in this paper the potential of a micro gas turbine (MGT) combustor when operated under unconventional fuel supplied. The combustor of C30 gas turbine is a reverse flow annular combustor. The CFD analysis of the reacting flow is performed with the 3D ANSYS-FLUENT solver. Specific computational experiments refer to the use of hydrogen – natural gas mixtures in order to define the optimal conditions for pilot and main injectio Read More

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from natural gas use utilities are investigating the potential of adding hydrogen to their distribution grids. This will reduce the carbon dioxide emissions from grid-connected engines used for stationary power generation and it may also impact their power output and efficiency. Promisingly hydrogen and natural gas mixtures have shown encouraging results regarding engine power output pollutant emissions and Read More

Natural gas distribution companies are developing ambitious plans to decarbonize the services that they provide in an affordable manner and are accelerating plans for the strategic integration of renewable natural gas and the blending of green hydrogen produced by electrolysis powered with renewable electricity being developed from large new commitments by states such as New York and Massachusetts. The demonstration and deplo Read More

The share of electrical energy hailing from renewable sources in the European electricity mix is increasing. The match between renewable power supply and demand has become the greatest challenge to cope with. Gas infrastructure can accommodate large volumes of electricity converted into gas whenever this supply of renewable power is larger than the grid capacity or than the electricity demand. The Power-to-Gas (P2G) process chain could play a signi Read More

Britain’s Hydrogen Blending Delivery Plan which sets out how all five of Britain’s gas grid companies will meet the Government’s target for Britain’s network of gas pipes to be ready to deliver 20% hydrogen to homes and businesses from 2023 as a replacement for natural gas.

The injection of hydrogen into existing gas grids is acknowledged as a promising option for decarbonizing gas systems and enhancing the integration among energy sectors. Nevertheless it affects the hydraulics and the quality management of networks. When the network is fed by multiple infeed sites and hydrogen is fed from a single injection point non-homogeneous hydrogen distribution throughout the grid happens to lead to a reduction of the po Read More

With the adjustment of energy structure the utilization of hydrogen energy has been widely attended. China’s carbon neutrality targets make it urgent to change traditional coal-fired power generation. The paper investigates the combustion of pulverized coal blended with hydrogen to reduce carbon emissions. In terms of calorific value the pulverized coal combustion with hydrogen at 1% 5% and 10% blending ratios is investigated. The results show that t Read More

In order to reduce carbon emissions the effects of gas composition and initial turbulence on the premixed flame dynamics of hydrogen-blended natural gas were investigated. The results show that an increase in hydrogen content leads to earlier formation of flame wrinkles. When the equivalence ratio is 1 and hydrogen blending ratio is below 20% Tulip flames appear approximately 2.25 m away from the ignition point. When hydrogen blending ratio exce Read More

With the aim of reducing carbon emissions and seeking independence from Russian gas in the wake of the conflict in Ukraine the use of hydrogen in the European Union is expected to rise in the future. In this regard hydrogen transport via pipeline will become increasingly crucial either through the utilization of existing natural gas infrastructure or the construction of new dedicated hydrogen pipelines. This study investigates the effects of hydrogen blen Read More