Applications & Pathways

Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) are characterized by high unevenness cyclicality and seasonality of energy production. Due to the trends in the production of electricity itself and the utilization of hydrogen distributed generation systems are preferred. They can be connected to the energy distribution network or operate without its participation (off-grid). However in both cases such distributed energy sources should be balanced in terms of power generatio Read More

Thoroughly assessing future energy systems requires examining both their end states and the paths leading to them. Employing dynamic investment or multi-stage optimization models is crucial for this analysis. However solving these optimization problems becomes increasingly challenging due to their long time horizons – often spanning several decades – and their dynamic nature. While simplifications like aggregations are often used to expedite solvi Read More

This paper presents the development validation and application of a numerical model to simulate the process of refueling hydrogen-powerd heavy-duty vehicles with a cascade hydrohen refueling station design. The model is implemented and validated using experimental data from SAE J2601. The link between the average pressure ramp (APRR) and flow rate which is responsible for the dynamic evolution of the refueling process was analyzed. V Read More

The increasing demand for renewable energy sources (RES) to address environmental concerns and reduce fossil fuel dependency highlights the need for efficient energy storage and balancing mechanisms to manage RES output uncertainty. However providing dedicated storage units to RES owners is often infeasible. Additionally the growing interest in hydrogen utilization complicates optimal decision-making for multi-energy systems. To tackle these Read More

The surge in interest surrounding renewable energy stems from concerns regarding pollution and the finite supply ofnonrenewable resources. Solar PV and wind hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are increasingly recognized as practicaland cost-effective solutions particularly in remote areas. However the intermittent nature of solar and wind power presents achallenge. To address this incorporating a hydrogen source into the system has been propo Read More

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) are a promising technology for reducing vehicle emissions and improving energy efficiency. Due to the ongoing evolution of this technology there is limited comprehensive research and documentation regarding the energy modeling of HFCVs. To address this gap the paper develops a simple HFCV energy consumption model using new fuel cell efficiency estimation methods. Our HFCV energy model leverages real-tim Read More

Offshore energy system integration is particularly important for realising a rapid and cost-effective low-carbon energy transition in the North Sea region. Effective implementation of strategies that require collaboration be tween countries developers and operators must be underpinned by robust and comprehensive modelling results. Intra-system interactions and diversity of sectors needed to facilitate the energy transition must be adequately Read More

At present energy demands are mainly covered by the use of fossil fuels. The process of fossil fuel production increases pollution from oil extraction transport to processing centers treatment to obtain lighter fractions and delivery and use by the final consumers. Such polluting circumstances are aggravated in the case of accidents involving fossil fuels. They are also linked to speculative markets. As a result the trend is towards the decarbo Read More

To address the challenges of multi-energy coupling decision-making caused by the complex interactions and significant conflicts of interest among multiple entities in integrated energy systems an energy management strategy for integrated energy systems with electricity heat and hydrogen multi-energy storage is proposed. First based on the coupling relationship of electricity heat and hydrogen multi-energy flows the architecture of the integrated energy Read More

The coupling of a reversible Solid Oxide Cell (rSOC) with an offshore wind turbine is investigated to evaluate the mutual benefits in terms of local energy management. This integrated system has been simulated with a dynamic model under a control algorithm which manages the rSOC operation in relation to the wind resource implementing a local hydrogen storage with a double function: (i) assure power supply to the wind turbine auxiliary systems dur Read More

The use of compression ignition engines (CIEs) is associated with increased greenhouse gas emissions. It is therefore necessary to research sustainable solutions and reduce the negative environmental impact of these engines. A widely studied alternative is the use of H2 in dual-fuel mode. This review has been developed to include the most recent studies on the subject to collect and compare their main conclusions on performance and emissions. Read More

Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines are a promising CO2-free and zero-impact emission alternative to battery or fuel cell electric powertrains. Advantages include long service life robustness against fuel impurities and a strong infrastructural base with existing production lines and workshop stations. In order to make hydrogen engines harmless in terms of pollutant emissions as well NOX emissions at the tailpipe must be reduced as low as the z Read More

The combustion and emission characteristics of a hydrogen engine were investigated through experimental analysis using a GDI engine. To enable hydrogen in-cylinder direct injection a specialized hydrogen gas injector was employed. A comparative analysis of the combustion performance between gasoline and hydrogen fuels in a spark-ignited engine was conducted. Additionally the study experimentally explored the thermal efficiency and emission reduct Read More

The UK government plans to phase out pure diesel trains by 2040 and fully decarbonize railways by 2050. Hydrogen fuel cell (HFC) trains electrified trains using pantographs (Electrified Trains) and battery electric multiple unit (BEMU) trains are considered the main solutions for decarbonizing railways. However the range of these decarbonization options’ line upgrade cost advantages is unclear. This paper analyzes the upgrade costs of three types of train Read More

The ecological transition in the transport sector is a major challenge to tackle environmental pollution and European legislation will mandate zero-emission new cars from 2035. To reduce the impact of petrol and diesel vehicles much emphasis is being placed on the potential use of synthetic fuels including electrofuels (e-fuels). This research aims to examine a levelised cost (LCO) analysis of e-fuel production where the energy source is renewable. Th Read More

A regional integrated energy system (RIES) synergizing multiple energy forms is pivotal for enhancing renewable energy use and mitigating the greenhouse effect. Considering that the equipment of the current regional comprehensive energy system is relatively simple there is a coupling relationship linking power generation refrigeration and heating in the cogeneration system which is complex and cannot directly meet various load demands. This article pro Read More

The current study presents a comprehensive investigation of different energy system configurations for a remote village community in India with entirely renewable electricity. Excess electricity generated by the systems has been stored using two types of energy storage options: lithium-ion batteries and green hydrogen production through the electrolysers. The hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) configurations have been sized by minimising the lev Read More

The pressing global challenge of climate change necessitates a concerted effort to limit greenhouse gas emissions particularly carbon dioxide. A critical pathway is to replace fossil fuel sources by electrification including transportation. While electrification of light-duty vehicles is rapidly expanding the heavy-duty vehicle sector is subject to challenges notably the logistical drawbacks of the size and weight of high-capacity batteries required for range as Read More

This work discusses the current scenario and future growth of electrochemical energy devices such as water electrolyzers and fuel cells. It is based on the pivotal role that hydrogen can play as an energy carrier to replace fossil fuels. Moreover it is envisaged that the scaled-up and broader deployment of the technologies can hold the potential to address the challenges associated with intermittent renewable energy generation. From a sustainability per Read More

This manuscript presents a thorough review of unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs) and their importance in Remote Area Power Supply (RAPS). In RAPS systems that utilize solar and hydrogen power which typically include photovoltaic modules a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer hydrogen gas storage and PEM fuel cells the cost of these systems is currently higher compared to conventional RAPS systems that employ diesel generators or Read More

Offshore electricity production mainly by wind turbines and eventually floating PV is expected to increase renewable energy generation and their dispatchability. In this sense a significant part of this offshore electricity would be directly used for hydrogen generation. The integration of offshore energy production into the hydrogen economy is of paramount importance for both the techno-economic viability of offshore energy generation and the Read More

The aim of this paper is the design and implementation of an advanced model predictive control (MPC) strategy for the management of a wind–solar microgrid (MG) both in the islanded and grid-connected modes. The MG includes energy storage systems (ESSs) and interacts with external hydrogen and electricity consumers as an extra feature. The system participates in two different electricity markets i.e. the daily and real-time markets characte Read More

With the massive use of traditional fossil fuels greenhouse gas emissions are increasing and environmental pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem which led to an imminent energy transition. Therefore the development and application of renewable energy are particularly important. This paper reviews a wide range of issues associated with hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs). The issues concerning system configurations energy sto Read More

The paper discusses potential hazards at hydrogen refueling stations for transportation vehicles: cars and trucks. The main hazard analyzed here is an uncontrolled gas release due to a failure in one of the structures in the station: storage tanks of different pressure levels or a dispenser. This may lead to a hydrogen cloud occurring near the source of the release or at a given distance. The range of the cloud was analyzed in connection to the amount Read More

The decarbonization of industrial process heat is one of the bigger challenges of the global energy transition. Process heating accounts for about 20% of final energy demand in Germany and the situation is similar in other industrialized nations around the globe. Process heating is indispensable in the manufacturing processes of products and materials encountered every day ranging from food beverages paper and textiles to metals ceramics glass and cemen Read More