Publications

In recent years traditional fossil fuels such as coal oil and natural gas have historically dominated various applications but there has been a growing shift towards cleaner alternatives. Among these alternatives hydrogen (H2) stands out as a highly promising substitute for all other conventional fuels. Today hydrogen (H2) is actively taking on a significant role in displacing traditional fuel sources. The utilization of hydrogen in gas turbine (GT) power generation offers a significant advantage in terms of lower greenhouse gas emissions. The performance of hydrogen-based gas turbines is influenced by a range of variables including ambient conditions (temperature and pressure) component efficiency operational parameters and other factors. Additionally incorporating an intercooler into the gas turbine system yields several advantages such as reducing compression work and maintaining power and efficiency. Many scholars and researchers have conducted comprehensive investigations into the components mentioned above within context of gas turbines (GTs). This study provides an extensive examination of the research conducted on hydrogen-powered gas turbine and intercooler with employed different methods and techniques with a specific emphasis on the different case studies of a hydrogen gas turbine and intercooler. Moreover this study not only examined the current state of research on hydrogen-powered gas turbine and intercooler but also covered its influence by offering the effective recommendations and insightful for guiding for future research in this field.

Hard-to-electrify sectors will require renewable fuels to facilitate the green transition in the future. Therefore it is crucial to identify promising production locations while taking into account the local biomass resources variable renewable energy sources and the synergies between sectors. In this study investments and dispatch operations are optimised of a large catalogue of renewable fuel production technologies in the opensource software SpineOpt and this is soft-linked to the comprehensive energy system model Balmorel. We analyse future production pathways by comparing various levels of hydrogen infrastructure including large-scale hydrogen storage and assess system impacts. The results indicate that methanol may provide synergies in its multipurpose use as an early (2030-2040) shipping fuel and later as an aviation fuel through further refining if ammonia becomes more competitive (2050). We furthermore show that a hydrogen infrastructure increases the competitiveness of non-flexible hydrogen-based fuel production technologies. Offshore electrolysis hubs decrease energy system impacts in scenarios with 105 TWh of Nordic hydrogen export. However hydrogen export scenarios are much costlier compared to scenarios with no export unless a high hydrogen price is received. Finally we find that emission taxes in the range of 250-265 euro/tCO2 will be necessary for renewable fuels to become competitive.

The spread of renewable energy (RE) generation not only promotes economy and the environmental protection but also brings uncertainty to power system. As the integration of hydrogen and electricity can effectively mitigate the fluctuation of RE generation an electricity-hydrogen integrated energy system is constructed. Then this paper studies the source-load uncertainties and corresponding correlation as well as the electricity-hydrogen price uncertainties and corresponding correlation. Finally an optimal scheduling model considering economy environmental protection and demand response (DR) is proposed. The simulation results indicate that the introduction of the DR strategy and the correlation of electricity-hydrogen price can effectively improve the economy of the system. After introducing the DR the operating cost of the system is reduced by 5.59% 10.5% 21.06% in each season respectively. When considering the correlation of EP and HP the operating cost of the system is reduced by 4.71% 6.47% 1.4% in each season respectively.

In order to study the flow blending and transporting process of hydrogen that injects into the natural gas pipelines a three-dimensional T-pipe blending model is established and the flow characteristics are investigated systematically by the large eddy simulation (LES). Firstly the mathematical formulation of hydrogen-methane blending process is provided and the LES method is introduced and validated by a benchmark gas blending model having experimental data. Subsequently the T-pipe blending model is presented and the effects of key parameters such as the velocity of main pipe hydrogen blending ratio diameter of hydrogen injection pipeline diameter of main pipe and operating pressure on the hydrogen-methane blending process are studied systematically. The results show that under certain conditions the gas mixture will be stratified downstream of the blending point with hydrogen at the top of the pipeline and methane at the bottom of the pipeline. For the no-stratified scenarios the distance required for uniformly mixing downstream the injection point increases when the hydrogen mixing ratio decreases the diameter of the hydrogen injection pipe and the main pipe increase. Finally based on the numerical results the underlying physics of the stratification phenomenon during the blending process are explored and an indicator for stratification is proposed using the ratio between the Reynolds numbers of the natural gas and hydrogen.

In order to reduce carbon emissions the effects of gas composition and initial turbulence on the premixed flame dynamics of hydrogen-blended natural gas were investigated. The results show that an increase in hydrogen content leads to earlier formation of flame wrinkles. When the equivalence ratio is 1 and hydrogen blending ratio is below 20% Tulip flames appear approximately 2.25 m away from the ignition point. When hydrogen blending ratio exceeds 20% Tulip flames appear approximately 1.3 m away from the ignition point and twisted Tulip flames appear approximately 2.5 m away from the ignition position. During the 0.05 m process of flame propagation downstream from ignition point flame propagation velocity increases by about 2 m/s for every 10% increase in hydrogen content. The increase in hydrogen content has the most significant impact on the flame propagation velocity during the ignition stage. The average flame propagation velocity increases with the increase of hydrogen blending ratio. The greater the initial turbulence the more obvious the stretching deformation of flame front structure. With the increase of wind speed the flame propagation velocity first increases and then decreases. At a wind speed of 3 m/s the flame propagation velocity reaches its maximum value.

Hydrogen (2 ) has a big role to play in energy transition to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. For 2 to compete with other fuels in the energy market more research is required to mitigate key issues like greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions safety and end-use costs. For these reasons a software-supported technical overview of 2 production storage transportation and utilisation is introduced. Drawbacks and mitigation approaches for 2 technologies were highlighted. The recommended areas include solar thermal or renewable-powered plasma systems for feedstock preheating and oxy-hydrogen combustion to meet operating temperatures and heat duties due to losses; integration of electrolysis of 2 into hydrocarbon reforming methods to replace air separation unit (ASU); use of renewable power sources for electrical units and the introduction of thermoelectric units to maximise the overall efficiency. Furthermore a battolyser system for small-scale energy storage; new synthetic hydrides with lower absorption and desorption energy; controlled parameters and steam addition to the combustor/cylinder and combustors with fitted heat exchangers to reduce emissions and improve the overall efficiency are also required. This work also provided detailed information on any of these systems implementations based on location factors and established a roadmap for 2 production and utilisation. The proposed 2 production technologies are hybrid pyrolysis-electrolysis and integrated AD-MEC and DR systems using renewable bioelectrochemical and low-carbon energy systems. Production and utilisation of synthetic natural gas (NG) using renewablepowered electrolysis of 2 oxy-fuel and direct air capture (DAC) is another proposed 2 energy system for a sustainable 2 economy. By providing these factors and information researchers can work towards pilot development and further efficiency enhancement.