Publications

The use of so-called “green” hydrogen for decarbonisation of the energy and propulsion sectors has attracted considerable attention over the last couple of decades. Although advancements are achieved hydrogen still presents some constraints when used directly in power systems such as gas turbines. Therefore another vector such as ammonia can serve as a chemical to transport and distribute green hydrogen whilst its use in gas turbines can li Read More

This is the Committee’s annual report to Parliament assessing progress in reducing UK emissions over the past year. It finds that UK action to curb greenhouse gas emissions is lagging behind what is needed to meet legally-binding emissions targets. Since June 2018 Government has delivered only 1 of 25 critical policies needed to get emissions reductions back on track.

Coal and carbon-containing waste are valuable primary and secondary carbon carriers. In the current dominant linear economy such carbon resources are generally combusted to produce electricity and heat and as a way to resolve a nation’s waste issue. Not only is this a wastage of precious carbon resources which can be chemically utilized as raw materials for production of other value-added goods it is also contrary to international efforts to reduce ca Read More

To limit global warming and mitigate climate change the global economy needs to decarbonize and reduce emissions to net-zero by mid-century. The asymmetries of the global energy system necessitate the deployment of a suite of decarbonization technologies and an all-of-the-above approach to deliver the steep CO2 -emissions reductions necessary. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies that capture CO2 from industrial and power-plant Read More

The cost of delivered H2 using the liquid-distribution pathway will approach $4.3–8.0/kg in the USA and 26–52 RMB/kg in China by around 2030 assuming large-scale adoption. Historically hydrogen as an industrial gas and a chemical feedstock has enjoyed a long and successful history. However it has been slow to take off as an energy carrier for transportation despite its benefits in energy diversity security and environmental stewardship. A key reason for Read More

It is necessary to investigate cylinder crush behavior for improvement of fuel cell vehicle crash safety. However there have been few crushing behaviour investigations of high pressurized cylinders subjected to external force. We conducted a compression test of pressurized cylinders impacted by external force. We also investigated the cylinder strength and crushing behaviour of the cylinder. The following results were obtained.The crush force of hi Read More

The modelling of Rayleigh–Taylor instability during premixed combustion scenarios is presented. Experimental data obtained from experiments undertaken by FM Global using their large-scale vented deflagration chamber was used to develop the modelling approach. Rayleigh–Taylor instability is introduced as an additional time-dependent combustion enhancing mechanism. It is demonstrated that prior to the addition of this mechanism the LES deflagration Read More

This spreadsheet contains data for two future UK scenarios: a "baseline" (i.e. no climate action after 2008 the start of the carbon budget system) and the "central" scenario underpinning the CCC's advice on the fifth carbon budget (the limit to domestic emissions during the period 2028-32).The central scenario is an assessment of the technologies and behaviours that would prepare for the 2050 target cost-effectively while meeting the other criteria in the Read More

In late 2019 the Committee launched a Call for Evidence to inform its advice to the UK Government on the Sixth Carbon Budget due to be published in December 2020. In addition the Committee sought input on Wales’ third carbon budget and interim emissions targets. These summary documents – one for the Sixth Carbon Budget and a second covering Wales’ carbon budget and emissions targets – provide an overview of the 170+ responses receive Read More

This is the second document of a two-part review of the Fourth Carbon Budget which covers 2023 to 2027. The Fourth Carbon Budget agreed by the Government in June 2011 was scheduled to be reviewed in 2014. The first part of the review is available here: The Fourth Carbon Budget Review – part 1: assessment of climate risk and the international response (November 2013).According to the Climate Change Act 2008 carbon budgets can only b Read More