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Kinetics of Brittle Fracture in Metals Under the Influence of Hydrogen
Jan 2020
Publication
Some aspects of damage accumulation modelling and brittle fracture processes mechanisms under the combined effect of mechanical loading and hydrogen has been discussed in the article. New mechanism of brittle fracture for metallic materials based on dislocation and phonon structure fingerprints and lattice hydrogen content under the static and dynamic loading at low temperature condition has been proposed. The mechanism based on theoretical re Read More
Transport Energy Air Pollution Model
May 2019
Publication
The transport sector remains at the centre of any debates around energy conservation exaggerated by the stubborn and overwhelming reliance on fossil fuels by its motorised forms whether passenger and freight road rail sea and air.The very slow transition to alternative fuel sources to date has resulted in this sector being increasingly and convincingly held responsible for the likely failure of individual countries including the UK to meet their obligation Read More
Effect of TiO2 on Electrocatalytic Behavior of Ni-Mo Alloy Coating for Hydrogen Energy
Jun 2018
Publication
Ni-Mo-TiO2 composite coating has been developed through electrodeposition method by depositing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles parallel to the process of Ni-Mo alloy coating. The experimental results explaining the increased electrocatalytic activity of Ni-Mo alloy coating on incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles into its alloy matrix is reported here. The effect of addition of TiO2 on composition morphology and phase structure of TiO2 – compo Read More
How the UK’s Hydrogen Sector Can Help Support the UK’s Economic Recovery
Jul 2020
Publication
The APPG on Hydrogen’s latest report urges the Government to move quickly on hydrogen and set ambitious policies to unlock investment create employment opportunities and support the UK’s net-zero targets.The APPG on Hydrogen’s report developed as part of its inquiry into ‘How the UK’s hydrogen sector can help support the UK’s economic recovery’ sets out 15 recommendations to support and accelerate the growth of the UK’s hydrogen se Read More
Vacuum vs Argon Technology for Hydrogen Measurement
Dec 2018
Publication
Within the framework of this paper we review the development of the problem of hydrogen diagnostic for metals. Metal sample enrichment techniques based on hydrogen vacuum extraction method used for a long time. Development of the industrial control technologies has led to the almost complete replacement of vacuum techniques with “atmospheric” ones. As a result systematic errors have occurred. These errors lead to multiple difference Read More
Some Fundamental Combustion Properties of "Cryogenic" Premixed Hydrogen Air Flames
Sep 2021
Publication
Because of the emergence of the U.E. “green deal” and because of the significant implication of national and regional authorities throughout Europe the “hydrogen” economy is emerging. And with it numerous questions and experimentations. One of them perhaps a key point is the storage and transport of hydrogen. Liquid hydrogen in cryogenic conditions is a possibility already used in the space industry but under a lot of constrains. What may be ac Read More
Methodology for Efficient Parametrisation of Electrochemical PEMFC Model for Virtual Observers: Model Based Optimal Design of Experiments Supported by Parameter Sensitivity Analysis
Nov 2020
Publication
Determination of the optimal design of experiments that enables efficient parametrisation of fuel cell (FC) model with a minimum parametrisation data-set is one of the key prerequisites for minimizing costs and effort of the parametrisation procedure. To efficiently tackle this challenge the paper present an innovative methodology based on the electrochemical FC model parameter sensitivity analysis and application of D-optimal design plan. Relying o Read More
A Review at the Role of Storage in Energy Systems with a Focus on Power to Gas and Long-term Storage
Aug 2017
Publication
A review of more than 60 studies (plus m4ore than 65 studies on P2G) on power and energy models based on simulation and optimization was done. Based on these for power systems with up to 95% renewables the electricity storage size is found to be below 1.5% of the annual demand (in energy terms). While for 100% renewables energy systems (power heat mobility) it can remain below 6% of the annual energy demand. Combination of sectors and div Read More
Integration of Water Electrolysis for Fossil-free Steel Production
Sep 2020
Publication
This study investigates the integration of water electrolysis technologies in fossil-free steelmaking via the direct reduction of iron ore followed by processing in an electric arc furnace (EAF). Hydrogen (H2) production via low or high temperature electrolysis (LTE and HTE) is considered for the production of carbon-free direct reduced iron (DRI). The introduction of carbon into the DRI reduces the electricity demand of the EAF. Such carburization can be achiev Read More
Measuring Accuracy and Computational Capacity Trade-offs in an Hourly Integrated Energy System Model
Feb 2021
Publication
Improving energy system modelling capabilities can directly affect the quality of applied studies. However some modelling trade-offs are necessary as the computational capacity and data availability are constrained. In this paper we demonstrate modelling trade-offs resulting from the modification in the resolution of four modelling capabilities namely transitional scope European electricity interconnection hourly demand-side flexibility description a Read More
Significantly Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity of Copper for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Through Femtosecond Laser Blackening
Jan 2021
Publication
In this work we report on the creation of a black copper via femtosecond laser processing and its application as a novel electrode material. We show that the black copper exhibits an excellent electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline solution. The laser processing results in a unique microstructure: microparticles covered by finer nanoparticles on top. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the kinetics of the HER is s Read More
Strategies for Joint Procurement of Fuel Cell Buses: A Study for the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking
Jun 2018
Publication
The Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU) has supported a range of initiatives in recent years designed to develop hydrogen fuel cell buses to a point where they can fulfil their promise as a mainstream zero emission vehicle for public transport.Within this study 90 different European cities and regions have been supported in understanding the business case of fuel cell bus deployment and across these locations. The study analyses the funding a Read More
Recent Progress in Ammonia Fuel Cells and their Potential Applications
Nov 2020
Publication
Conventional technologies are largely powered by fossil fuel exploitation and have ultimately led to extensive environmental concerns. Hydrogen is an excellent carbon-free energy carrier but its storage and long-distance transportation remain big challenges. Ammonia however is a promising indirect hydrogen storage medium that has well-established storage and transportation links to make it an accessible fuel source. Moreover the notion of ‘ Read More
A Study on Electrofuels in Aviation
Feb 2018
Publication
With the growth of aviation traffic and the demand for emission reduction alternative fuels like the so-called electrofuels could comprise a sustainable solution. Electrofuels are understood as those that use renewable energy for fuel synthesis and that are carbon-neutral with respect to greenhouse gas emission. In this study five potential electrofuels are discussed with respect to the potential application as aviation fuels being n-octane methanol Read More
Impact of Hydrogen Fuel for CO2 Emission Reduction in Power Generation Sector in Japan
Jun 2017
Publication
Japan’s energy consumption derives mostly from fossil fuels which are un-secure and release a much greenhouse gas emissions. To meet goals of reducing GHG hydrogen gas can be utilized in power generation in hydrogen fired and firing / co-combustion power plants. This paper analyses the impact of hydrogen in the power generation sector using the MARKAL-TIMES Japan optimization model framework. Two models are used: a base scenario without hydr Read More
A New Design Concept for Prevention of Hydrogen-induced Mechanical Degradation: Viewpoints of Metastability and High Entropy
Dec 2018
Publication
‟How crack growth is prevented” is key to improve both fatigue and monotonic fracture resistances under an influence of hydrogen. Specifically the key points for the crack growth resistance are hydrogen diffusivity and local ductility. For instance type 304 austenitic steels show high hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility because of the high hydrogen diffusivity of bcc (α´) martensite. In contrast metastability in specific austenitic steels enables fcc (γ) to Read More
Trace Level Analysis of Reactive ISO 14687 Impurities in Hydrogen Fuel Using Laser-based Spectroscopic Detection Methods
Oct 2020
Publication
Hydrogen fuelled vehicles can play a key role in the decarbonisation of transport and reducing emissions. To ensure the durability of fuel cells a specification has been developed (ISO 14687) setting upper limits to the amount fraction of a series of impurities. Demonstrating conformity with this standard requires demonstrating by measurement that the actual levels of the impurities are below the thresholds. Currently the industry is unable to do so for mea Read More
Dissecting the Exergy Balance of a Hydrogen Liquefier: Analysis of a Scaled-up Claude Hydrogen Liquefier with Mixed Refrigerant Pre-cooling
Oct 2020
Publication
For liquid hydrogen (LH2) to become an energy carrier in energy commodity markets at scales comparable to for instance LNG liquefier capacities must be scaled up several orders of magnitude. While state-of-the-art liquefiers can provide specific power requirements down to 10 kWh/kg a long-term target for scaled-up liquefier trains is 6 kWh/kg. High capacity will shift the cost weighting more towards operational expenditures which motivates for meas Read More
A Novel Exergy-based Assessment on a Multi-production Plant of Power, Heat and Hydrogen: Integration of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell and Rankine Steam Cycle
Feb 2021
Publication
Multi-production plant is an idea highlighting cost- and energy-saving purposes. However just integrating different sub-systems is not desired and the output and performance based on evaluation criteria must be assessed. In this study an integrated energy conversion system composed of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) and Rankine steam cycle is proposed to develop a multi-production system of power heat and hydroge Read More
Design of Experiment to Predict the Time Between Hydrogen Purges for an Air-breathing PEM Fuel Cell in Dead-end Mode in a Closed Environment
Feb 2021
Publication
Fuel cells are promising technologies for zero-emission energy conversion. They are used in several applications such as power plants cars and even submarines. Hydrogen supply is crucial for such systems and using Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell in dead-end mode is a solution to save hydrogen. Since water and impurities accumulate inside the stack purging is necessary. However the importance of operating parameters is not well known f Read More
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