United States

The increasing political momentum advocating for decarbonization efforts has led many governments around the world to unveil national hydrogen strategies. Hydrogen is viewed as a potential enabler of deep decarbonization notably in hard-to-abate sectors such as the industry. A multi-modal hourly resolved linear programming model was developed to assess the infrastructure requirements of a low-carbon supply chain over a large region. It Read More

Hydrogen primarily produced from steam methane reforming plays a crucial role in oil refining and provides a solution for the oil and gas industry's long-term energy transition by reducing CO2 emissions. This paper examines hydrogen’s role in this transition. Firstly experiences from oil and gas exploration including in-situ gasification can be leveraged for hydrogen production from subsurface natural hydrogen reservoirs. The produced hydrogen can serve as f Read More

In 2015 during the lead up to the Paris Climate Agreement the United States set forth a Nationally Determined Contribution that outlines national goals for greenhouse gas emission reductions. It was not until 2021 that the US put forth a long-term strategy that lays out the pathway to reach these goals. The US long-term strategy lays the framework for research needs to meet the greenhouse gas emission reduction goals and incentivizes industry to meet Read More

Logistics is becoming more cost competitive while customers and regulatory bodies pressure businesses to disclose their carbon footprints creating interest in alternative fuels as a decarbonization strategy. This paper provides a thematic review of the role of alternative fuels in sustainable air land and sea logistics their challenges and potential mitigations. Through an extensive literature survey we determined that biofuels synthetic kerosene natural gas am Read More

Considerable progress has been made recently in the use of nanoporous materials for hydrogen storage. In this article the current status of the field and future challenges are discussed ranging from important open fundamental questions such as the density and volume of the adsorbed phase and its relationship to overall storage capacity to the development of new functional materials and complete storage system design. With regard to funda Read More

This research undertakes a comparative analysis of current and emerging hydrogen (H2) production technologies evaluating them based on quantitative and qualitative decision criteria. The quantitative criteria include cost of H2 production (USD/kg H2) energy consumption (MJ/kg H2) global warming potential (kg CO2-eq/kg H2) and technology energy efficiency (%). The qualitative criteria encompass technology readiness level (TRL) and availability of supply Read More

Electrolysis of water to generate hydrogen fuel is an attractiverenewable energy storage technology. However grid-scale fresh-water electrolysis would put a heavy strain on vital water re-sources. Developing cheap electrocatalysts and electrodes that cansustain seawater splitting without chloride corrosion could ad-dress the water scarcity issue. Here we present a multilayer anodeconsisting of a nickel–iron hydroxide (NiFe) electrocatalyst layeruniformly co Read More

China’s progress in decarbonizing its transportation particularly vehicle electrification is notable. However the economically effective pathways are underexplored. To find out how much cost is necessary for carbon neutrality for the light-duty vehicle (LDV) sector this study examines twenty decarbonization pathways combining the New Energy and Oil Consumption Credit model and the China-Fleet model. We find that the 2060 zero-gr Read More

Civil aviation provides an essential transportation network that connects the world and supports global economic growth. To maintain these benefits while meeting environmental goals next-generation aircraft must have drastically reduced climate impacts. Hydrogen-powered aircraft have the potential to fly existing routes with no carbon emissions and reduce or eliminate other emissions. This paper is a comprehensive guide to hydrogen-powered airc Read More

A holistic approach to decision-making in modern energy systems is vital due to their increase in complexity and interconnectedness. However decision makers often rely on narrowlyfocused strategies such as economic assessments for energy system strategy selection. The approach in this paper helps considers various factors such as economic viability technological feasibility environmental impact and social acceptance. By integrating these div Read More

Hydrogen will play a key role in decarbonizing economies. Here we quantify the costs and environmental impacts of possible large-scale hydrogen economies using four prospective hydrogen demand scenarios for 2050 ranging from 111–614 megatonne H2 year−1 . Our findings confirm that renewable (solar photovoltaic and wind) electrolytic hydrogen production generates at least 50–90% fewer greenhouse gas emissions than fossil-fuel-based counte Read More

This review sets out to investigate the detrimental impacts of hydrogen gas (H2 ) on critical boiler components and provide appropriate state-of-the-art mitigation measures and future research directions to advance its use in industrial boiler operations. Specifically the study focused on hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and high-temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) and their effects on boiler components. The study provided a fundamental und Read More

Nanomaterials have attracted great interest in recent years because of the unusual mechanical electrical electronic opticalmagnetic and surface properties. The high surface/volume ratio of these materials has significant implications with respectto energy storage. Both the high surface area and the opportunity for nanomaterial consolidation are key attributes of thisnew class of materials for hydrogen storage devices. Nanostructured systems including ca Read More

Hydrogen is a zero-carbon energy carrier with potential to decarbonize industrial and transportation sectors but its life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions depend on its energy supply chain and carbon management measures (e.g. carbon capture and storage). Global support for clean hydrogen production and use has recently intensified. In the United States Congress passed several laws that incentivize the production and use of renewable and low-carb Read More

Hydrogen as a clean fuel offers a practical pathway to achieve net-zero targets. However due to its physical and chemical characteristics there are some safety concerns for large-scale hydrogen utilisation particularly in process safety management. Leakage of gaseous hydrogen especially in semi-confined spaces such as tunnels can lead to catastrophic outcomes including uncontrolled fire and explosion. The current paper describes the outcome of a Read More

The rapid growth of the global population and industrial activities has significantly increased greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions with projections indicating a temperature rise of 3–6 ◦C by 2050. Urgent action is needed to limit global warming to 1.5 ◦C above pre-industrial levels. Hydrogen with its high energy density and compatibility with renewable energy systems presents a promising clean energy solution to mitigate GHGs emissions. Yet its widespre Read More

Renewable hydrogen production from biomass thermochemical conversion is an emerging technology to reduce fossil fuel consumptions and carbon emissions. Biomass-derived hydrogen can be produced by pyrolysis gasification alkaline thermal treatment etc. However the removal of impurities from biomass thermochemical conversion products to improve hydrogen purity is currently technical bottleneck. It is important to assess and investigat Read More

The central role of hydrogen in the EU’s decarbonization strategy has increased the importance of critical raw materials. To address this the EU has taken legislative steps including the 2023 Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA) to ensure a stable supply. Using a leader–follower Stackelberg game framework this study analyzes CRM market dynamics integrating CRMA compliance through rules on sourcing and stockpiling value chain resilience via the inclusi Read More

Green hydrogen plays a pivotal role in decarbonizing our energy system and achieving the Net-Zero Emissions goal by 2050. Offshore wind farms (OWFs) dedicated to green hydrogen production are currently recognized as the most feasible solution for scaling up the production of cost-effective electrolytic hydrogen. However the cost associated with distribution and transmission systems constitute a significant portion of the total cost in the large-scal Read More

The increasing global residential energy demand causes carbon emissions and ecological impacts necessitating cleaner efficient solutions. This study presents an innovative hybrid energy system integrating wind power and gas turbines for a four-story 16-unit residential building. The system generates electricity heating cooling and hydrogen using a Proton Exchange Membrane electrolyzer and a compression chiller. Integrating the electrolyzer e Read More

The future is bright for hydrogen as a clean mobile energy source to replace petroleum products. This paper examines new and emerging technologies for hydrogen production storage and conversion and highlights recent commercialization efforts to realize its potential. Also the paper presents selected notable patents issued within the last few years. There is no shortage of inventions and innovations in hydrogen technologies in both academia and industr Read More

Materials-based H2 storage plays a critical role infacilitating H2 as a low-carbon energy carrier but there remainslimited guidance on the technical performance necessary for specificapplications. Metal−organic framework (MOF) adsorbents haveshown potential in power applications but need to demonstrateeconomic promises against incumbent compressed H2 storage.Herein we evaluate the potential impact of material propertiescharge Read More

To achieve deep decarbonization renewable energy generation must be substantially increased. The technologies with the lowest levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) are land-based photovoltaics (PVs) and wind energy. Agri-PVs offer the potential for dual land use combining energy generation with agricultural activities. However the costs of agri-PVs are higher than those of ground-mounted PV. To enhance the competitiveness of agri-PV we investigate t Read More

Electrifying ammonia production using renewable energy (RE) and water electrolysis is a critical step in the worldwide transition from fossil fuels to alternative energy sources. However the common requirement that the ammonia reactor operate at a steady production level harms the system’s economic feasibility due to the large hydrogen and battery storage required to overcome RE variability. In this study we examine the sensitivity of the plant s Read More

Quantitative Risk Assessments (QRA) is an important tool for enabling safe deployment of hydrogen technologies and is increasingly embedded in the permitting process. Following the framework developed in our companion paper we conducted a detailed QRA on the uncontrolled releases from a high-capacity hydrogen fueling station with liquid hydrogen (LH2) storage. We characterized gaseous and liquid hydrogen releases determined the caus Read More