Long Duration Energy Storage Usin gHydrogen in Metal−Organic Frameworks: Opportunities and Challenges

Materials-based H2 storage plays a critical role infacilitating H2 as a low-carbon energy carrier, but there remainslimited guidance on the technical performance necessary for specificapplications. Metal−organic framework (MOF) adsorbents haveshown potential in power applications, but need to demonstrateeconomic promises against incumbent compressed H2 storage.Herein, we evaluate the potential impact of material properties,charge/discharge patterns, and propose targets for MOFs’ deploy-ment in long-duration energy storage applications including backup,load optimization, and hybrid power. We find that state-of-the-artMOF could outperform cryogenic storage and 350 bar compressedstorage in applications requiring ≤8 cycles per year, but need ≥5 g/Lincrease in uptake to be cost-competitive for applications thatrequire ≥30 cycles per year. Existing challenges include manufacturing at scale and quantifying the economic value of lower-pressure storage. Lastly, future research needs are identified including integrating thermodynamic effects and degradation mechanisms.