Poland

Green hydrogen supply chain includes supply sources production and distribution of hydrogen produced from renewable energy sources (RES). It is a promising scientific and application area as it is related to the problem of instability of power grids supplied with RES. The article presents the conceptual assumptions of the research on the design of a functional multi-criteria model of the stabilization model architecture of energy distribution networ Read More

Hydrogen vehicles may emerge as a leading contender to replace today’s internal combustion engine powered vehicles. A Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table exercise conducted as part of the European Network of Excellence on Hydrogen Safety (HySafe) identified the use of hydrogen vehicles in road tunnels as a topic of important concern. An internal project called HyTunnel was duly established within HySafe to review identify and analyse the i Read More

When charging most types of industrial lead-acid batteries hydrogen gas is emitted. A large number of batteries especially in relatively small areas/enclosures and in the absence of an adequate ventilation system may create an explosion hazard. This paper describes full scale tests in confined space which demonstrate conditions that can occur in a battery room in the event of a ventilation system breakdown. Over the course of the tests Read More

This paper is an investigation of the spontaneous ignition process of high-pressure hydrogen and hydrogen-methane mixtures injected into air. The experiments were conducted in a closed channel filled with air where the hydrogen or hydrogen–methane mixture depressurised through different tubes (diameters d = 6 10 and 14 mm and lengths L = 10 25 40 50 75 and 100 mm). The methane addition to the mixture was 5% and 10% vol. The res Read More

Hydrogen-yielding fermentation conducted in bioreactors is an alternative method of hydrogen production. However unfavourable processes can seriously inhibit bio-hydrogen generation during the acidogenic step of anaerobic digestion. Here ascomycetous yeasts were identified as a major factor inhibiting the production of bio-hydrogen by fermentation. Changes in the performance of hydrogen-producing bioreactors including metabolic shift quantitativ Read More

There can be observed global interest in waste pyrolysis technology due to low costs and availability of raw materials. At the same time there is a literature gap in forecasting environmental effects of thermal waste treatment installations. In the article was modelled the chemical composition of pyrolysis gas with main focus on the problem in terms of environmental hazards. Not only RDF fuel was analysed but also selected waste fractions included in its co Read More

Dark fermentation is a promising method to produce hydrogen from lignocellulosic biomass. This study assessed the influence of temperature phosphate buffer concentration and substrate concentration on direct hydrogen production form cellulose using response surface methodology. Mixed bacterial culture was successfully enriched on cellulose and used as an inoculum for hydrogen production. The model indicated that the highest cumulative hydrog Read More

The catalytical activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of the electrodeposited Ni–Mo/WC composites is examined in 1 M KOH solution. The structure surface morphology and surface composition is investigated using the scanning electron microscopy X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic properties for the HER is evaluated based on the cathodic polarization electrochemical impedance cyclic voltam Read More

In this study four energy storage systems (Power-to-Gas-to-Power) were analysed that allow electrolysis products to be fully utilized immediately after they are produced. For each option the electrolysis process was supplied with electricity from a wind farm during the off-peak demand periods. In the first two variants the produced hydrogen was directed to a natural gas pipeline while the third and fourth options assumed the use of hydrogen for syntheti Read More

To have a uniform distribution of reactants is an advantage to a fuel cell. We report results for such a distributor with tree-like flow field plates (FFP). Numerical simulations have shown that the width scaling parameters of tree-like patterns in FFPs used in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) reduces the viscous dissipation in the channels. In this study experimental investigations were conducted on a 2-layer FF plate possessing a tree-li Read More

A polyethylene (PE) liner is the basic element in high-pressure type 4 composite vessels designed for hydrogen or compressed natural gas (CNG) storage systems. Liner defects may result in the elimination of the whole vessel from use which is very expensive both at the manufacturing and exploitation stage. The goal is therefore the development of efficient non-destructive testing (NDT) methods to test a liner immediately after its manufacturing befor Read More

An essential prerequisite for safe transport and use of natural gas is their appropriate odorization. This enables the detection of uncontrolled gas leaks. Proper and systematic odorization inspection ensures both safe use of gas and continuity of the process itself. In practice it is conducted through among others measuring odorant concentrations in gas. Control devices for rapid gas odorization measurements that are currently used on a large scale Read More

The paper presents an overview of the main achievements of the internal project InsHyde of the HySafe NoE. The scope of InsHyde was to investigate realistic small-medium indoor hydrogen leaks and provide recommendations for the safe use/storage of indoor hydrogen systems. Additionally InsHyde served to integrate proposals from HySafe work packages and existing external research projects towards a common effort. Following a state of t Read More

A new method of hydrogen generation from water by irradiation with CW infrared laser diode of graphene scaffold immersed in solution is reported. Hydrogen production was extremely efficient upon admixing NaCl into water. The efficiency of hydrogen production increased exponentially with laser power. It was shown that hydrogen production was highly efficient when the intense white light emission induced by laser irradiation of graphene foam w Read More

The detonation propensity of hydrogen-air mixtures with addition of methane ethane or propane in wide range of compositions is analyzed. The analysis concerned the detonation cell width ignition delay time RSB and parameters. Results are presented as a function of hydrogen molar fraction. Computations were performed with the use of three Cantera 2.1.1. scripts in the Matlab R2010b environment. The validated mechanisms of chemical reactions Read More

This paper demonstrates experimental and numerical study on spontaneous ignition of H2–N2 mixtures during high-pressure release into air through the tubes of various diameters and lengths. The mixtures included 5% and 10% (vol.) N2 addition to hydrogen being at initial pressure in range of 4.3–15.9 MPa. As a point of reference pure hydrogen release experiments were performed with use of the same experimental stand experimental procedure an Read More

Type IV pressure vessels are commonly used for hydrogen on-board stationary or bulk storages. During their lifetime they can be submitted to mechanical impacts creating damage within the composite structure not necessarily correlated to what is visible from the outside. When an impact is suspected or when a cylinder is periodically inspected it is necessary to determine whether it can safely stay in service or not. The FCH JU project Hypactor aims at cr Read More

In this paper an innovative concept of an energy storage system that combines the idea of energy storage through the use of compressed air and the idea of energy storage through the use of hydrogen (with its further conversion to synthetic natural gas) has been proposed. The thermal integration of two sub-systems allows for efficient storage of large amounts of energy based on the use of pressure tanks with limited volumes. A thermodynamic assess Read More

The key direction of political actions in the field of sustainable development of the energy sector and economy is the process of energy transformation (decarbonization) and increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the supply of primary energy. Regardless of the indisputable advantages RES are referred to as unstable energy sources. A possible solution might be the development of the concept of hydrogen supply chains especially Read More

The purpose of this work is the literature review in the field of hydrogen storage in solid sorbents. The best solid sorbents for hydrogen storage were selected with the possibility of synthesis them from coal fly ash. In addition the on-board hydrogen storage analysis was carried out. The review method consists of two parts. The first part based on research questions included types of the best sorbents for hydrogen storage the possibility to obtain them from Read More

This paper presents a compilation and discussion of the results supplied by HySafe partners participating in the Standard Benchmark Exercise Problem (SBEP) V1 which is based on an experiment on hydrogen release mixing and distribution inside a vessel. Each partner has his own point of view of the problem and uses a different approach to the solution. The main characteristics of the models employed for the calculations are compared. The comparison be Read More

Hydrogen is an environmentally friendly biofuel which if widely used could reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions. The main barrier to the widespread use of hydrogen for power generation is the lack of technologically feasible and—more importantly—cost‐effective methods of production and storage. So far hydrogen has been produced using thermochemical methods (such as gasification pyrolysis or water electrolysis) and biological methods (most of Read More

One of the most important requirements concerning the quality of natural gases guaranteeing their safe use involves providing the proper level of their odorization. This allows for the detection of uncontrolled leakages of gases from gas networks installations and devices. The concentration of an odorant should be adjusted in such a manner that the gas odor in a mixture with air would be noticeable by users (gas receivers). A permanent odor of ga Read More

This study documents the results of economic assessment concerning four variants of coal gasification to hydrogen in a shell reactor. That assessment has been made using discounting methods (NPV: net present value IRR: internal rate of return) as well as indicators based on a free cash flow to firm (FCFF) approach. Additionally sensitivity analysis has been carried out along with scenario analysis in current market conditions concerning prices of hard Read More

Magnesium hydride and selected magnesium-based ternary hydride (Mg2FeH6 Mg2NiH4 and Mg2CoH5) syntheses and modification methods as well as the properties of the obtained materials which are modified mostly by mechanical synthesis or milling are reviewed in this work. The roles of selected additives (oxides halides and intermetallics) nanostructurization polymorphic transformations and cyclic stability are described. Despite the many years of i Read More

Energy from hydrogen is an appropriate technological choice in the context of sustainable development. The opportunities offered by the use of energy from hydrogen also represent a significant challenge for mobile technologies and daily life. Nevertheless despite a significant amount of research and information regarding the benefits of hydrogen energy it creates considerable controversy in many countries. Globally there is a lack of understanding about t Read More

The present research focuses on the investigation of an in situ hydrogen charging effect during Crack Tip Opening Displacement testing (CTOD) on the fracture toughness properties of X65 pipeline steel. This grade of steel belongs to the broader category of High Strength Low Alloy Steels (HSLA) and its microstructure consists of equiaxed ferritic and bainitic grains with a low volume fraction of degenerated pearlite islands. The studied X65 steel sp Read More

An experimental study of flame propagation acceleration and transition to detonation in hydrogen-air mixture in 2 m long rectangular cross section channel filled with obstacles located at the bottom wall was performed. The initial conditions of the hydrogen-air mixture were 0.1 MPa and 293 K. Three different cases of obstacle height (blockage ratio 0.25 0.5 and 0.75) and four cases of obstacle density were studied with the channel height equal to 0.08 Read More

The efficiency of gas sensor application for facilitating the safe use of hydrogen depends considerably on the sensor response to a change in hydrogen concentration. Therefore the response time has been measured for five different-type commercially available hydrogen sensors. Experiments showed that all these sensors surpass the ISO 26142 standard; for the response times t90 values of 2 s to 16 s were estimated. Results can be fitted with an expo Read More

Regularities of steel structure degradation of the “Novopskov-Aksay-Mozdok” gas main pipelines (Nevinnomysskaya CS) as well as the “Gorky-Center” pipelines (Gavrilovskaya CS) were studied. The revealed peculiarities of their degradation after long-term operation are suggested to be treated as a particular case of the damage accumulation classification (scheme) proposed by prof. H.M. Nykyforchyn. It is shown that the fracture surface cons Read More

A new and active material in the form of ZnIn2S4 microspheres decorated by CuInS2 quantum dots have been obtained by hydrothermal method for the first time. The optimum amount of CuInS2 quantum dots (1.13 wt.%) introduced into rection medium during ZnIn2S4 microspheres synthesis increased the photocatalytic H2 generation rate by 2.5 times than that of bare ZnIn2S4 photocatalysis under visible light irradiation. This sample exhibited stron Read More

It has been described the conception of using platinum catalytic layer in multi hole fuel injector atomizer. The catalytic layer has been placed on not working part of atomizer needle. The aim of modification was activation of dehydrogenation reaction paraffin to olefin hydrocarbons with escape hydrogen molecule in CI engine bio fuel. The modification of atomizer with catalytic layer and reaction process leads to the presence of hydrogen and its influence on Read More

The paper presents the conceptual assumptions of research concerning the design of a theoretical multi-criteria model of a system architecture to stabilize the operation of power distribution networks based on a hydrogen energy buffer taking into account the utility application of hydrogen. The basis of the research process was a systematic literature review using the technique of in-depth analysis of full-text articles and expert consultations. The stru Read More

The recent advances on the effects of microstructural refinement and various nano-catalytic additives on the hydrogen storage properties of metal and complex hydrides obtained in the last few years in the allied laboratories at the University of Waterloo (Canada) and Military University of Technology (Warsaw Poland) are critically reviewed in this paper. The research results indicate that microstructural refinement (particle and grain size) induced by ball Read More

The use of hydrogen as a non-emission energy carrier is important for the innovative development of the power-generation industry. Transmission pipelines are the most efficient and economic method of transporting large quantities of hydrogen in a number of variants. A comprehensive hydraulic analysis of hydrogen transmission at a mass flow rate of 0.3 to 3.0 kg/s (volume flow rates from 12000 Nm3/h to 120000 Nm3/h) was performed. The metho Read More

Depleting fossil fuel resources and anthropogenic climate changes are the reasons for the intensive development of new sustainable technologies based on renewable energy sources. One of the most promising strategies is the utilization of hydrogen as an energy vector. However the limiting issue for large-scale commercialization of hydrogen technologies is a safe efficient and economical method of gas storage. In industrial practice hydrogen compressio Read More

Transport is one of the key sectors of the European economy. However the intensive development of transport caused negative effects in the form of an increase in the emission of harmful substances. The particularly dramatic situation took place in the V4 countries. This made it necessary to implement solutions reducing emissions in transport including passenger transport. Such activities can be implemented in the field of implementation of low-e Read More

Electromobility is a growing technology for land transport constituting an important element of the concept of sustainable economic development. The article presents selected research results concerning one of the segments of this market-vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cells. The subject of the research was to gain extensive knowledge on the economic factors influencing the future purchasing decisions of the demand side in relation to this category of Read More

Green hydrogen production is essential to meeting the conference of the parties’ (COP) decarbonization goals; however this method of producing hydrogen is not as cost-effective as hydrogen production from fossil fuels. This study analyses an off-grid photovoltaic energy system designed to feed a proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzer for hydrogen production to evaluate the optimal electrolyzer size. The system has been analyzed in Baghdad the ca Read More

Hydrogen fuel cells are systems that can be successfully used to partially replace internal combustion propulsion systems. For this reason the article presents an operational analysis of energy flow along with an analysis of individual energy transmission systems. Two generations of the Toyota Mirai vehicle were used for the tests. The operational analyses were carried out on the same route (compliant with RDE test requirements) assessing the system’s operati Read More

Transformation of road transport sector through replacing of internal combustion vehicles with zero-emission technologies is among key challenges to achievement of climate neutrality by 2050. In a constantly developing economy the demand for transport services increases to ensure continuity in the supply chain and passenger mobility. Deployment of electric technologies in the road transport sector involves both businesses and households its Read More

The aim of this study was to evaluate the motorization market of electric vehicles powered by hydrogen cells in Poland. European conditions of such technology were indicated as well as original proposals on amendments to the law to increase the development pace of electromobility based on hydrogen cells. There were also presented economic aspects of this economic phenomenon. Moreover survey research was conducted to examine the pref Read More

This article was aimed to answer the question of whether local energy communities have a sufficient energy surplus for storage purposes including hydrogen production. The article presents an innovative approach to current research and a discussion of the concepts of the collective prosumer and virtual prosumer that have been implemented in the legal order and further amended in the law. From this perspective it was of utmost importance to analyze the Read More

Efforts to direct the economies of many countries towards low-carbon economies are being made in order to reduce their impact on global climate change. Within this process replacing fossil fuels with hydrogen will play an important role in the sectors where electrification is difficult or technically and economically ineffective. Hydrogen may also play a critical role in renewable energy storage processes. Thus the global hydrogen demand is expe Read More

Poland    The present paper is aimed at determining the less investigated effects of hydrogen uptake on the microstructure and the mechanical behavior of the oxidized Zircaloy-2 alloy. The specimens were oxidized and charged with hydrogen. The different oxidation temperatures and cathodic current densities were applied. The scanning electron microscopy X-ray electron diffraction spectroscopy hydrogen absorption assessment tensile and nanoindenta Read More

The paper presents the possibilities of low-emission-powered vehicles based mainly on compressed hydrogen. It shows currently used forms of powering vehicles based on their genesis process of obtention and popularity. They are also compared to each other presenting the advantages and disadvantages of a given solution. The share of electricity in transport its forecasts for the future and the possibilities of combination with conventional energy source Read More

Currently hydrogen and electric drives used in various means of transport is a leading topic in many respects. This article discusses the most important aspects of the operation of vehicles with electric drives (passenger cars) and hydrogen drives. In both cases the official reason for using both drives is the possibility of independence from fossil fuel supplies especially oil. The desire for independence is mainly dictated by political considerations. This a Read More

An uninterrupted chain of energy supplies is the core of every activity without exception for the operations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. A robust and efficient energy supply is fundamental for the success of missions and a guarantee of soldier safety. However organizing a battlefield energy supply chain is particularly challenging because the risks and threats are particularly high. Moreover the energy supply chain is expected to be flexible accordin Read More

Different hydrogen production scenarios need to be compared in regard to multiple and often distinct aspects. It is well known that hydrogen production technologies based on environmentally-friendly renewable energy sources have higher values of the economic indicators than methods based on fossil fuels. Therefore how should this decision criterion (environmental) prevail over the other types of decision criteria (technical and economic) to make a s Read More

The presented work concerns experimental research of a spark-ignition engine with variable compression ratio (VCR) adapted to dual-fuel operation in which co-combustion of ammonia with hydrogen was conducted and the energy share of hydrogen varied from 0% to 70%. The research was aimed at assessing the impact of the energy share of hydrogen co-combusted with ammonia on the performance stability and emissions of an engine operating at a Read More