Australia

n the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions the integration of renewable energy sources and hydrogen technologies has emerged as a promising avenue. This paper introduces the Integrated Renewable Energy-Driven Hydrogen System as a holistic approach to achieve energy independence and self-sufficiency. Seamlessly integrating renewable energy sources hydrogen production storage and utilization this system enables diverse applications across vari Read More

The inherent intermittency of upstream solar and wind power can result in fluctuating electrolytic hydrogen production which is incompatible with the feedstock requirements of many downstream hydrogen storage and utilisation applications. Suitable backup power or storage (hydrogen or energy) strategies are thus needed in overall system design. This work conducts technoeconomic modelling to design electrolytic production systems feat Read More

Hydrogen is emerging as one of the most promising energy carriers for a decarbonised global energy system. Transportation and storage of hydrogen are critical to its large-scale adoption and to these ends liquid hydrogen is being widely considered. The liquefaction and storage processes must however be both safe and efficient for liquid hydrogen to be viable as an energy carrier. Identifying the most promising liquefaction processes and associated trans Read More

With the question of ‘can short messages be effective in increasing public support for a complex new technology (hydrogen)?‘ this study uses a representative national survey in Australia to analyze the differences and variations in subjective support for hydrogen in response to four differently framed short messages. The findings of this study show that short messages can increase social acceptance but the effects depend on how strongly the Read More

The global resurgence of hydrogen as a clean energy source particularly green hydrogen derived from renewable energy is pivotal for achieving a carbon-neutral future. However scalability poses a significant challenge. This research proposes innovative business models leveraging the low-emission property of green hydrogen to reduce its financial costs thereby fostering its widespread adoption. Key components of the business workflow are elaborated Read More

Hydrogen produced from renewable energy is being promoted to decarbonise global energy systems. To support this energy transition standards certification and labelling schemes (SCLs) aim to differentiate hydrogen products based on their system-wide carbon emissions and method of production characteristics. However being certified as low-carbon clean or green hydrogen does not guarantee broader sustainability across economic environmental social Read More

Carbon dioxide and hydrogen storage in geological formations at Gt scale are two promising strategies toward net-zero carbon emissions. To date investigations into underground hydrogen storage (UHS) remain relatively limited in comparison to the more established knowledge body of underground carbon dioxide storage (UCS). Despite their analogous physical processes can be used for accelerating the advancements in UHS technology the e Read More

As the need for alternative energy sources and reduced emissions grows proven technologies are often sidelined in favour of emerging solutions that lack the infrastructure for mass adoption. This study explores a transitional approach by modifying existing compression ignition engines to run on a hydrogen/diesel mixture for performance improvement utilising water injection to mitigate the drawbacks associated with hydrogen combustion. This approach ca Read More

Hydrogen is expected to play a critical role in future energy systems projected to have an annual demand of 401–660 Mt by 2050. With large-scale green hydrogen projects advancing in water-scarce regions like Australia Chile and the Middle East and North Africa understanding water requirements for large-scale green hydrogen production is crucial. Meeting this future hydrogen demand will necessitate 4010 to 6600 GL of demineralised water annuall Read More

Unlocking the potential of offshore renewables for green hydrogen (GH2) production can be a game-changer empowering economies with their visionary clean energy policies amplifying energy security and promoting economic growth. However their novelty entails uncertainty and risk necessitating a robust framework for facility deployment and infrastructure planning. To optimize offshore GH2 infrastructure placement this work proposes a novel and Read More

The global population is predicted to increase from ~7.3 billion to over 9 billion people by 2050.Together with rising economic growth this is forecast to result in a 50% increase in fueldemand which will have to be met while reducing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions by 50–80%to maintain social political energy and climate security. This tension between rising fuel demandand the requirement for rapid global decarbonization highlights the need to fast-track th Read More

Industrial and public interest in hydrogen technologies has risen strongly recently as hydrogen is the ideal means for medium to long term energy storage transport and usage in combination with renewable and green energy supply. In a future energy system the production storage and usage of green hydrogen is a key technology. Hydrogen is and will in future be even more used for industrial production processes as a reduction agent or for the productio Read More

Hydrogen-enabled Integrated Energy Systems (H-IES) stand out as a promising solution with the potential to replace current non-renewable energy systems. However their development faces challenges and has yet to achieve widespread adoption. These main challenges include the complexity of demand and supply balancing dynamic consumer demand and challenges in integrating and utilising hydrogen. Typical energy management strategies within t Read More

Large-scale production of hydrogen using clean electricity from renewable energy sources (RESs) is gaining more momentum in attempts to foster the growth of the nascent hydrogen energy market. However the inherited intermittency of RESs constitutes a significant challenge for the reliable and economic operation of electrolysers and consequently the overall hydrogen production plant. This paper proposes a power allocation control strategy to reg Read More

The ability for existing burners to operate safely and efficiently on hydrogen-blended fuels is a primary concern for the many industries looking to adopt hydrogen as an alternative fuel. This study investigates the efficacy of increasing fuel injector diameter as a simple modification strategy to extend the hydrogen-blending limits before flashback. The collateral effects of this modification are quantified with respect to a set of key performance criteri Read More

The present study explores the potential of integrating the NET Zero Cycle (NZC) with hydrogen production by alkaline electrolyzers. To achieve this an Aspen Plus model was developed for the NZC and its accuracy was first confirmed by comparing it with literature data. The creation of a model for an alkaline electrolyzer was achieved using Aspen Custom Modeler and later imported into Aspen Plus. A comprehensive simulation was conducted in Aspen Read More

Hydrogen as a primary carbon-free energy carrier is confronted by challenges in storage and transportation. However liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) present a promising solution for storing and transporting hydrogen at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Unlike circular energy carriers such as methanol ammonia and synthetic natural gas LOHCs do not produce by-products during hydrogen recovery. LOHCs only act as hy Read More

The shift from fossil fuels to clean energy carriers such as renewable H2 is imminent. Consequently a global H2 market is taking shape involving countries with limited or insufficient energy resources importing from renewable-rich countries. This study evaluates the techno-economics of renewable hydrogen (H2) export in a globally significant scenario in which Australia exports to Japan. To gain insight into the immediate realisable future the base year Read More

Concerning the transition from a carbon-based energy economy to a renewable energy economy hydrogen is considered an essential energy carrier for efficient and broad energy systems in China in the near future. China aims to gradually replace fossil fuel-based power generation with renewable energy technologies to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. This ambitious undertaking will involve building an industrial production chain spanning the pro Read More

Blending hydrogen to existing fuel mix represents a major opportunity for decarbonisation. One important consideration for this application is the chemical interaction between hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels arising from their different combustion chemistries and varying considerably with combustion processes. This paper conducted an exploratory study of hydrogen’s impact on autoignition in several combustion processes where hydrogen is us Read More

Supporters of hydrogen energy urge scaling up technology and reducing costs for competitiveness. This paper explores how hydrogen energy technologies (HET) are perceived by Australia’s general population and considers the way members of the public imagine their role in the implementation of hydrogen energy now and into the future. The study combines a nationally representative survey (n = 403) and semi-structured interviews (n = 30). Results Read More

Hydrogen has gained tremendous momentum worldwide as an energy carrier to transit to a net zero emission energy sector. It has been widely adopted as a promising large-scale renewable energy (RE) storage solution to overcome RE resources’ variability and intermittency nature. The fuel cell (FC) technology became in focus within the hydrogen energy landscape as a cost-effective pathway to utilize hydrogen for power generation. Therefore FC techno Read More

Considerable progress has been made recently in the use of nanoporous materials for hydrogen storage. In this article the current status of the field and future challenges are discussed ranging from important open fundamental questions such as the density and volume of the adsorbed phase and its relationship to overall storage capacity to the development of new functional materials and complete storage system design. With regard to funda Read More

The integration of electrolyzers and fuel cells can cause voltage fluctuations within microgrids if not properly scheduled. Therefore controlling voltage and reactive power becomes crucial to mitigate the impact of fluctuating voltage levels ensuring system stability and preventing damage to equipment. This paper therefore seeks to enhance voltage and reactive power control within reconfigurable microgrids in the presence of innovative power-to-hyd Read More

The existing gas transmission pipeline network can be a convenient and cost-effective way to transport hydrogen. However hydrogen can cause hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of the steels used in pipeline construction. HE is typically manifested as a reduction in fracture toughness and ductility. To ensure structural integrity it is thus important to understand the fracture toughness of pipeline steels in hydrogen gas at pipeline pressures. This paper re Read More

The use of alternative fuels is a primary means for decarbonising the maritime industry. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid ammonia (LNH3) are liquified gases among the alternative fuels. The safety risks associated with these fuels differ from traditional fuels. In addition to their low-temperature hazards the flammability of LNG and LH2 and the high toxicity of LNH3 present challenges in fuel handlings due to their high likeli Read More

Ammonia is a promising hydrogen carrier for enabling the efficient transport of hydrogen as observed by the many hydrogen transport projects using ammonia. For the clean energy future understanding environmental impacts of the transport system is important. This study conducts life cycle assessment (LCA) for the marine transport of renewable hydrogen using ammonia as the hydrogen carrier. The LCA considered renewable hydrogen produce Read More

As one of the most promising clean energy sources hydrogen power has gradually emerged as a viable alternative to traditional energy sources. However hydrogen safety remains a significant concern due to the potential for explosions and the associated risks. This review systematically examines hydrogen explosions with a focus on high-pressure and low-temperature storage transportation and usage processes mostly based on the published papers Read More

Hydrogen as a clean fuel offers a practical pathway to achieve net-zero targets. However due to its physical and chemical characteristics there are some safety concerns for large-scale hydrogen utilisation particularly in process safety management. Leakage of gaseous hydrogen especially in semi-confined spaces such as tunnels can lead to catastrophic outcomes including uncontrolled fire and explosion. The current paper describes the outcome of a Read More

This paper investigates the circularity of green hydrogen and resource recovery from brine using an integrated approach based on alkaline water electrolysis (AWE). Traditional AWE employs highly alkaline electrolytes which can lead to electrode corrosion undesirable side reactions and gas cross-over issues. Conversely indirect brine electrolysis requires pre-treatment steps which negatively impact both techno-economics and environmental sustainabili Read More

The optimization of hybrid renewable multi-generation systems is crucial for enhancing energy efficiency reducing costs and ensuring sustainable power generation. These factors can be significantly affected by system designs optimization methods climate changes and varying energy demands. The optimization of a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) that integrates various combinations of electricity heating cooling hydrogen Read More

Green hydrogen represents a critical underpinning technology for achievingcarbon neutrality. Although researchers often fixate on its energy inputs atruly ‘green’ hydrogen production process would also be sustainable in termsof water and materials inputs. To address this holistic challenge we demon-strate a new green hydrogen production system which can utilize secondarywastewater as the input (preserving scarce fresh water supplies for drinkingan Read More

This study investigates the techno-economic feasibility of an off-grid integrated solar/wind/hydrokinetic plant to co-generate electricity and hydrogen for a remote micro-community. In addition to the techno-economic viability assessment of the proposed system via HOMER (hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources) a sensitivity analysis is conducted to ascertain the impact of ±10% fluctuations in wind speed solar radiation temperature and water ve Read More

Large-scale hydrogen storage at scales ranging from gigawatt-hours (GWh) to terawatt-hours (TWh) is currently projected to be an important component of the lowest cost options for a 100% variable renewable energy system driven partly by benefits to the grid from converting variable renewable electricity into hydrogen and partly by the anticipated growing role of hydrogen in a future net-zero energy system. Lined engineered cavities (LEC)s are among Read More

The emergence and design of hydrogen transport infrastructures are crucial steps towards the development of a hydrogen economy. However pipeline routing remains underdeveloped in hydrogen infrastructure design models despite its significant impact on the resultant cost and network configuration. Many previous studies assume uniform cost surfaces on which pipelines are designed. Studies that consider a variable cost surface focus on desig Read More

Temporal decomposition methods aim to solve optimisation problems by converting one problem over a large time series into a series of subproblems over shorter time series. This paper introduces one such method where subproblems are defined over a window that moves back and forth repeatedly over the length of the large time series creating a convergent sequence of solutions and mitigating some of the boundary considerations prevalent in other Read More

Hydrogen has become an important component of the global transition to zero-carbon economies. Low-carbon and green hydrogen gas and fuel cell technology for domestic household use will depend on skilled practi tioners particularly gasfitters to convert install and maintain hydrogen-based appliances. Upskilling gasfitters to work with hydrogen is critical to transitioning from natural gas to hydrogen for heating and cooking. Yet limited research exi Read More

Renewable hydrogen production is a pivotal technology in transitioning to sustainable energy and is essential for global decarbonisation efforts. This study explores the integration of hydrogen production into sugarcane bio refineries which have shifted from traditional sugar production to integrated bioenergy hubs. Specifically steam reforming of ethanol was selected as the process for hydrogen generation. A comprehensive techno-economic analysis w Read More

Metal hydride-based hydrogen storage (MHHS) has been used for several purposes including mobile and stationary applications. In general the overall MHHS performance for both applications depends on three main factors which are the appropriate selection of metal hydride material uses design configurations of the MHHS based on the heat exchanger and overall operating conditions. However there are different specific requirements for the two applicatio Read More

Hydrogen injection (HI) is an emerging decarbonisation technology for ironmaking blast furnaces (BFs) yet its impact on the in-furnace phenomenon in the raceway of an industry BF remains unclear. In this study an industrialscale Reactive Computational Fluid Dynamic Discrete Element Method coupling model (rCFD-DEM) is developed to study the impacts of HI on the raceway dynamics and coke combustion inside an industrial-scale BF. To overcome the l Read More

In this article we draw on findings from a mixed-methods international survey of experts in the energy sector (n = 179) to better understand the role of legitimacy theory in informing the development of renewable hydrogen standards certification and labelling (SCL). The investigation is viewed through two conceptions of legitimacy: the sociological legitimacy of increasing the availability of renewable hydrogen technologies and the normative legitima Read More

As the pursuit of greener energy solutions continues industries worldwide are turning away from fossil fuels and exploring the development of sustainable alternatives to meet their energy requirements. As a signatory to the Paris Agreement Australia has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emission by 43% by 2030 and reaching net-zero emissions by 2050. Australia’s domestic maritime sector should align with these targets. This paper aims to contrib Read More

Direct seawater electrolysis (DSE) has emerged as a compelling route to sustainable hydrogen production leveraging the vast global reserves of seawater. However the inherently complex composition of seawater—laden with halide ions multivalent cations (Mg2+ Ca2+) and organic/biological impurities—presents formidable challenges in maintaining both selectivity and durability. Chief among these obstacles is mitigating chloride corrosion and sup Read More

Due to hydrogen’s beneficial characteristics as a sustainable energy carrier the application of pulsing electric fields has been researched for its effectiveness during water electrolysis. Although there have been conflicting findings on the benefits of the application of pulsing electric fields this research highlights the potential it has to enhance the efficiency of water electrolysis while providing clarity on past discrepancies. This research achieves this by identifyi Read More