Emerging Perovskite-based Catalysts for Sustainable and Green Ammonia Production: A Promosing Hydrogen Energy Carrier

Ammonia (NH₃) presents a comprehensive energy storage solution for future energy demands. Its synthesis plays a pivotal role in the chemical industry, acting as a fundamental precursor for fertilizers, explosives, and a wide range of industrial applications. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring novel catalyst materials to enhance the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of NH3 production technologies. Among these materials, perovskite-based catalysts have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique properties. This review article aims to provide a sharp and short understanding of the role of perovskite-based catalysts in emerging NH3 production technologies and to stimulate further research and innovation in this rapidly evolving field. It provides an overview of recent advances in the synthesis and characterisation of perovskite-based cat alysts for NH3 production in terms of structural properties, and catalytic performance of perovskite catalysts in NH3 synthesis. The review also discusses the underlying mechanisms involved in NH3 production on perovskite surfaces, highlighting the role of surface chemistry, and electronic structure. Furthermore, the review examines the potential applications and prospects of perovskite-based catalysts in NH3 production technologies. It explores opportunities for integrating perovskite catalysts into existing NH3 synthesis processes, as well as the develop ment of process configurations to maximise the efficiency and sustainability of NH3 production.