Applications & Pathways

The European Union continues to lead global efforts toward climate neutrality by developing a cohesive regulatory and market framework for alternative fuels including renewable hydrogen. This review article critically examines the recent evolution of the EU’s policy landscape specifically for hydrogen as a renewable fuel of non-biological origin (RFNBO) highlighting its growing importance in hard-to-abate sectors such as industry and transportation. Read More

The fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) is a promising transportation technology for resolving the air pollution and climate change issues in the United States. However a large-scale penetration of FCEVs would require a sustained supply of hydrogen which does not exist now. Water electrolysis can produce hydrogen reliably and sustainably if the electricity grid is clean but the impacts of FCEVs on the electricity grid are unknown. In this paper we develop a com Read More

Integrating electric technologies such as battery energy storage systems and electric propulsion has become an appealing option for reducing fuel consumption and emissions in the transportation sector making these technologies increasingly popular for research and industrial application in the maritime sector. In addition hydrogen is a promising technology for reducing emissions although hydrogen production technologies significantly in Read More

In the pursuit of establishing a sustainable fuel cell (FC) energy system this review highlights the necessity of examining the operational principles technical details environmental consequences and economic concerns collectively. By adopting an integrated approach the review research into various fuel cells types extending their applications beyond transportation and evaluating their potential for seamless integration into sustainable practices. A detailed an Read More

This paper establishes a framework of boundary conditions for implementing hydrogen energy systems in ships identifying what is feasible within maritime constraints. To support a comprehensive understanding of hydrogen systems onboard vessels an extensive technical review of hydrogen storage and power systems is provided covering the entire power value chain. Key aspects include equipment arrangement integration of fuel cell powertrain and pre Read More

Developing a green energy strategy for municipalities requires creating a framework to support the local production storage and use of renewable energy and green hydrogen. This framework should cover essential components for small-scale applications including energy sources infrastructure potential uses policy backing and collaborative partnerships. It is deployed as a small-scale renewable and green hydrogen unit in a municipality or building dem Read More

The transition to low-carbon energy systems has heightened interest in hydrogen and ammonia as sustainable alternatives to traditional hydrocarbon fuels. However the development and operation of combustors utilizing these fuels like other combustion systems are challenged by thermoacoustic instabilities arising from the interaction between unsteady heat release and acoustic wave oscillations. Among many different methods for studying thermoac Read More

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is gaining attention as a solution to urban population growth and air pollution. Hydrogen fuel cells are applied to overcome the limitations of battery-based UAM utilizing a PEMFC (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell) with batteries in a hybrid system to enhance responsiveness. Power management improves efficiency through effective power distribution under varying loads while thermal management maintains optimal st Read More

Even if the aviation sector only accounts for 2% of global energy-related CO2 emissions and is the most challenging sector to decarbonize. As aviation demand grows and the need for sustainable jet fuels becomes urgent green hydrogen could substitute conventional fossil fuels thereby enabling carbon-free flights. This study investigates a techno-economic analysis of onsite versus off-site green hydrogen supply chains. A case study at the Toulouse-Bla Read More

This work describes a thermodynamic comparison of the thermal efficiency of gas turbine engines featuring a conventional combustion chamber and a detonation combustion chamber using methane ethanol and mixtures of both ethanol and hydrogen and methane and hydrogen as fuels. The composition of gases was determined by the minimization of the Gibbs free energy whereas temperature pressure and velocity of detonation waves were deter Read More