Applications & Pathways

The recovery of energy and valuable compounds from exhaust gases in the iron and steel industry deserves specialattention due to the large power consumption and CO 2 emissions of the sector. In this sense the hydrogen content of coke oven gas(COG) has positioned it as a promising source toward a hydrogen-based economy which could lead to economic and environmentalbenefits in the iron and steel industry. COG is presently used for heatin Read More

This review sets out to investigate the detrimental impacts of hydrogen gas (H2 ) on critical boiler components and provide appropriate state-of-the-art mitigation measures and future research directions to advance its use in industrial boiler operations. Specifically the study focused on hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and high-temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) and their effects on boiler components. The study provided a fundamental und Read More

As one of the most promising clean energy sources hydrogen power has gradually emerged as a viable alternative to traditional energy sources. However hydrogen safety remains a significant concern due to the potential for explosions and the associated risks. This review systematically examines hydrogen explosions with a focus on high-pressure and low-temperature storage transportation and usage processes mostly based on the published papers Read More

Volatile electricity prices have raised concerns about the economic feasibility of wind projects in Finland. This study assesses the economic viability and optimal operational strategies for integrating wind-powered green hydrogen production systems. Utilizing modeling and optimization this research evaluates various wind farms in Western Finland over electricity market scenarios from 2019 to 2022 with forecasts extending to 2030. Key economic metric Read More

This study presents an innovative home energy management system (HEMS) that incorporates PV WTs and hybrid backup storage systems including a hydrogen storage system (HSS) a battery energy storage system (BESS) and electric vehicles (EVs) with vehicle-to-home (V2H) technology. The research conducted in Liaoning Province China evaluates the performance of the HEMS under various demand response (DR) scenarios aiming to enhance Read More

Hydrogen technologies are evolving to decarbonise the transport sector. The present work focuses on the technical design of a Hydrogen Refueling Station to supply hydrogen to five buses in the city of Valencia Spain. The study deals with the technical selection of the components from production to consumption setting an efficient standardisation method. Different calculation are used to size the storage systems for 70.8 kg of hydrogen produced by the ele Read More

The large-scale deployment of technologies that enable energy from renewables is essential for a successful transition to a carbon-neutral future. While photovoltaic panels are one of the main technologies commonly used for harvesting energy from the Sun storage of renewable solar energy still presents some challenges and often requires integration with additional devices. It is believed that hydrogen – being a perfect energy carrier – can become Read More

Green hydrogen production is expected to play a major role in the context of the shift towards sustainable energy stipulated in the Fit for 55 package. Green hydrogen and its derivatives have the capacity to act as effective energy storage vectors while fuel cell-powered vehicles will foster net-zero emission mobility. This study evaluates the potential of green hydrogen production in Power-to-Gas (P2G) systems operated in former mining sites where sa Read More

Fuel cells (FCs) and hydrogen technologies are emerging renewable energy sources with promising results when applied to wastewater treatment (WWT). These devices serve not only for power generation but some specific FCs can be employed for degradation of pollutants and synthesis of intermediates needed in WWT. Microbial FCs are potent devices for WWT even containing refractory pollutants. Despite being a nascent technology with high ca Read More

To reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the steel industry efforts are made to introduce a steelmaking route based on hydrogen reduction of iron ore instead of the commonly used cokebased reduction in a blast furnace. Changing fundamental pieces of steelworks affects the functions of most every system unit involved and thus warrants the question of how such a transition could optimally take place over time and no rigorous attempts have until no Read More

Hydrogen tractors are being developed necessitating consideration of the variation in the center of gravity depending on the arrangement of components such as power packs and cooling modules that replace traditional engines. This study analyzes the effects of component arrangement on stability and rollover angle in hydrogen tractors through simulations and proposes an optimal configuration. Stability is evaluated by analyzing rollover angles i Read More

In the automotive sector hydrogen is being increasingly explored as an alternative fuel to replace conventional carbon-based fuels. Its combustion characteristics make it well-suited for adaptation to internal combustion engines. The wide flammability range of hydrogen allows for higher dilution conditions resulting in enhanced combustion efficiency. When combined with lean combustion strategies hydrogen significantly reduces environm Read More

The maritime sector plays a crucial role in global trade yet its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions remains significant. The adoption of hydrogen as a clean energy solution is gaining traction to address this. This review paper delves into the opportunities and challenges of integrating hydrogen as a marine fuel. The entire hydrogen supply chain is investigated from production to end use highlighting advancements limitations and potential safety risks. Read More

This study investigated the cost competitiveness using total cost of ownership (TCO) analysis of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) in heavy duty on and off-road fleet applications as a key enabler in the decarbonisation of the transport sector and compares results to battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and diesel internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Assessments were carried out for a present day (2021) scenario and a sensitivity analysis asse Read More

Offshore wind power construction has seen significant development due to the high density of offshore wind energy and the minimal terrain restrictions for offshore wind farms. However integrating this energy into the grid remains a challenge. The scientific community is increasingly focusing on hydrogen as a means to enhance the integration of these fluctuating renewable energy sources. This paper reviews the research on renewable energy power ge Read More

Hydrogen known for its high energy content and clean combustion is promising in the energy transition. This study explores the environmental impact of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system. 1 kg of hydrogen production at 1 bar serves as the functional unit. The SOFC system generates hydrogen electricity and heat across five modes. Results indicate that the SOFC system achieves a global warming potential of 0.17–9.50 kg CO2 -eq/FU using the system e Read More

Hybrid hydrogen–energy storage systems play a significant role in the operation of islands microgrid with high renewable energy penetration: maintaining balance between the power supply and load demand. However improper operation leads to undesirable costs and increases risks to voltage stability. Here multi-time-scale scheduling is developed to reduce power costs and improve the operation performance of an island microgrid by integrating dee Read More

As the consequences of global warming become more severe it is more crucial than ever to capitalize on all locally accessible potential renewable energy sources and produce sufficient useable energy outputs to meet community demands while causing the least damage to the ecosystem. Therefore this paper focuses on a unique parabolic trough collector solar systempowered electro-biomembrane unit that combines a heat and power system with fresh Read More

Optimally scheduling alkaline electrolyzers (AELs) in a hydrogen-based microgrid (HBM) can greatly unleash the operational flexibility of the HBM. However existing scheduling strategies of AELs mostly utilize a simplified AEL model which ignores the nonlinear coupling of electric-hydrogen-thermal sectors violating the AEL’s security constraints thereby making the scheduling scheme infeasible. This paper proposes an improved model predictive control (MPC) Read More

In this study Distribution of Relaxation Times (DRT) was successfully demonstrated in the analysis of the impedance spectra of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (HT-PEMFC) doped with phosphoric acid. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed and the quality of the recorded spectra was verified by Kramers-Kronig relations. DRT was then applied to the measured spectra and polarization losses were separ Read More

Decarbonizing heavy-duty trucks (HDTs) is both challenging and crucial for achieving carbon neutrality in the transport sector. Renewable hydrogen (H2) methanol (MeOH) and ammonia (NH3) offer potential solutions yet their economic viability and emission benefits remain largely unexplored. This study presents for the first time a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of using these three renewable fuels to decarbonize HDTs through detailed f Read More

The optimization of hybrid renewable multi-generation systems is crucial for enhancing energy efficiency reducing costs and ensuring sustainable power generation. These factors can be significantly affected by system designs optimization methods climate changes and varying energy demands. The optimization of a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) that integrates various combinations of electricity heating cooling hydrogen Read More

The decarbonization of the metals industry is a major challenge for the energy transition. Metals are indeed essential elements in the expansion of renewable energy installations worldwide but they also represent a relevant source of carbon emissions. Therefore metals producers need to carefully shift their technologies towards less carbon intensive routes. After ranking all the metals in terms of world production volume and total estimated carbon e Read More

Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells and electrolysers offer efficient use and production of hydrogen for emission-free transport and sustainable energy systems. Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes like Nafion® and Aquivion® are the state-of-the-art PEMs but there is a need to increase the operating temperature to improve mass transport avoid catalyst poisoning and electrode flooding increase efficiency and reduce the cost and co Read More

The automotive industry is under increasing pressure to develop cleaner and more efficient technologies in response to stringent emission regulations. Hydrogenpowered internal combustion engines represent a promising alternative offering the potential to reduce carbon-based emissions while improving efficiency. However the accurate estimation of in-cylinder pressure is crucial for optimizing the performance and emissions of these engines. Whil Read More