Sweden

After a tank has been exposed to crash violence or an external fire it might in some situations be judged dangerous to move the vessel due to the risk of a sudden tank rupture. Therefore Swedish rescue services have a long history of using rifles to penetrate and therefore depressurize the vessels. In this paper some first steps on providing guidance on the selection of ammunition and required stand back distance are presented. The results indicate that a Read More

Hydrogen produced from renewable electricity will play an important role in deep decarbonisation of industry. However adding large electrolyser capacities to a low-carbon electricity system also increases the need for additional electricity generation from variable renewable energies. This will require hydrogen production to be variable unless other sources provide sufficient flexibility. Existing sources of flexibility in hydro-thermal systems are hydropower Read More

With more renewables on the Swedish electricity market while decommissioning nuclear power plants electricity supply increasingly fluctuates and electricity prices are more volatile. There is hence a need for securing the electricity supply before energy storage solutions become widespread. Electricity price fluctuations moreover affect operating income of nuclear power plants due to their inherent operational inflexibility. Since the anticipated new app Read More

Wind power is rapidly growing in the Finnish grid and Finland’s electricity consumption is low in the summer compared to the winter. Hence there is a need for storage that can absorb a large amount of energy during summer and discharge it during winter. This study examines one such storage technology geological hydrogen storage which has the potential to store energy on a GWh scale and also over longer periods of time. Finland’s electricity gen Read More

The present study investigates four factors that govern the ability to supply hydrogen at a low cost in Europe: the scale of the hydrogen demand; the possibility to invest in large-scale hydrogen storage; process flexibility in hydrogen-consuming industries; and the geographical areas in which hydrogen demand arises. The influence of the hydrogen demand on the future European zero-emission electricity system is investigated by applying the cos Read More

The oil refinery industry is one of the major energy users and responsible for a large proportion of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This sector is facing multiple sustainability-related transformation pressures forcing the industry to adapt to changing market conditions. The transition to a low-carbon economy will require oil refineries to adopt decarbonisation technologies like advanced biofuels green hydrogen and carbon capture and storage (CCS). Ho Read More

Hydrogen is currently receiving attention as a possible cross-sectoral energy carrier with the potential to enable emission reductions in several sectors including hard-to-abate sectors. In this work a techno-economic optimization model is used to evaluate the competitiveness of time-shifting of electricity generation using electrolyzers hydrogen storage and gas turbines fueled with hydrogen as part of the transition from the current electricity syste Read More

Green hydrogen is identified as one of the prime clean energy carriers due to its high energy density and a zero emission of CO2. A possible solution for the transport of H2 in a safe and low-cost way is in the form of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs). As an alternative to loading LOHC with H2 via a two-step procedure involving preliminary electrolytic production of H2 and subsequent chemical hydrogenation of the LOHC we explore here the possibility Read More

Reducing the carbon emissions from trucks is critical to achieving the carbon peak of road freight. Based on the prediction of truck population and well-to-wheel (WTW) emission analysis of traditional diesel trucks and potential clean trucks including natural gas battery-electric plug-in hybrid electric and hydrogen fuel cell the paper analyzed the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of China's road freight under four scenarios including baseline pol Read More

The growing share of intermittent renewable energy sources for power generation indicates an increasing demand for flexibility in the energy system. Energy storage technologies ensure a balance between demand and supply and increase the system flexibility. This study investigates increased application of renewable energy resources at a regional scale. Power-to-gas storage that interacts with a large-scale rooftop photovoltaic system is added to a r Read More