Greece
The Role of Hydrogen and H2 Mobility on the Green Transition of Islands: The Case of Anafi (Greece)
Apr 2023
Publication
The holistic green energy transition of non-interconnected islands faces several challenges if all the energy sectors are included i.e. electricity heating/cooling and mobility. On the one hand the penetration of renewable energy systems (RES) is limited due to design restrictions with respect to the peak demand. On the other hand energy-intensive heating and mobility sectors pose significant challenges and may be difficult to electrify. The focus of this study is on implementing a hybrid Wind–PV system on the non-interconnected island of Anafi (Greece) that utilizes surplus renewable energy production for both building heating through heat pumps and hydrogen generation. This comprehensive study aims to achieve a holistic green transition by addressing all three main sectors—electricity heating and transportation. The produced hydrogen is utilized to address the energy needs of the mobility sector (H2 mobility) focusing primarily on public transportation vehicles (buses) and secondarily on private vehicles. The overall RES production was modeled to be 91724 MWh with a RES penetration of 84.68%. More than 40% of the produced electricity from RES was in the form of excess electricity that could be utilized for hydrogen generation. The modeled generated hydrogen was simulated to be more than 40 kg H2/day which could cover all four bus routes of the island and approximately 200 cars for moderate use i.e. traveled distances of less than 25 km/day for each vehicle.
Establishment of Austria’s First Regional Green Hydrogen Economy: WIVA P&G HyWest
Apr 2023
Publication
The regional parliament of Tyrol in Austria adopted the climate energy and resources strategy “Tyrol 2050 energy autonomous” in 2014 with the aim to become climate neutral and energy autonomous. “Use of own resources before others do or have to do” is the main principle within this long-term strategic approach in which the “power on demand” process is a main building block and the “power-to-hydrogen” process covers the intrinsic lack of a long-term large-scale storage of electricity. Within this long-term strategy the national research and development (R&D) flagship project WIVA P&G HyWest (ongoing since 2018) aims at the establishment of the first sustainable business-case-driven regional green hydrogen economy in central Europe. This project is mainly based on the logistic principle and is a result of synergies between three ongoing complementary implementation projects. Among these three projects to date the industrial research within “MPREIS Hydrogen” resulted in the first green hydrogen economy. One hydrogen truck is operational as of January 2023 in the region of Tyrol for food distribution and related monitoring studies have been initiated. To fulfil the logistic principle as the main outcome another two complementary projects are currently being further implemented.
A Priority-based Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Method for Risk Assessment of Hydrogen Applications Onboard Maritime Vessels
Sep 2023
Publication
The maritime industry is gaining momentum towards a more decarbonized and sustainable path. However most of the worldwide fleet still relies on fossil fuels for power producing harmful environmental emissions. Hydrogen as a clean fuel is a promising alternative but its unique properties pose significant safety challenges. For instance hydrogen has a wide flammability range inherently increasing the risk of ignition. Moreover its comparatively low volumetric energy density necessitates faster filling rates and larger volumes for bunkering and onboard storage leading to higher risk rates. Therefore the use of hydrogen for maritime applications requires the development of specialized riskbased approaches according to safety engineering principles and techniques. The key safety implications are discussed and reviewed with focus on onboard hydrogen storage handling and refueling while a priority-based Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method for risk assessment is proposed based on the revised guidelines of Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) and German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA). The revised AIAG-VDA FMEA method replaces the conventional Risk Priority Number (RPN) with a new Action Priority (AP) rating enabling the prioritization of recommended actions for risk reduction. The paper aims to a more profound understanding of the safety risks associated with hydrogen as a maritime fuel and to provide an effective risk assessment method for hydrogen applications onboard maritime vessels.
CFD Analysis of Delayed Ignition Hydrogen Releases from a Train Inside a Tunnel
Sep 2023
Publication
In the present work we present the results of numerical simulations involving the dispersion and combustion of a hydrogen cloud released in an empty tunnel. The simulations were conducted with the use of ADREA-HF CFD code and the results are compared with measurements from experiments conducted by HSE in a tunnel with the exact same geometry. The length of the tunnel is equal to 70 m and the maximum height from the floor is equal to 3.25 m. Hydrogen release is considered to occur from a train containing pressurized hydrogen stored at 580 bars. The release diameter is equal to 4.7 mm and the release direction is upwards. Initially dispersion simulation was performed in order to define the initial conditions for the deflagration simulations. The effect of the initial wind speed and the effect of the ignition delay time were investigated. An extensive grid sensitivity study was conducted in order to achieve grid independent results. The CFD model takes into account the flame instabilities that are developed as the flame propagates inside the tunnel and turbulence that exists in front of the flame front. Pressure predictions are compared against experimental measurements revealing a very good performance of the CFD model.
Enhancing Safety of Liquid and Vaporised Hydrogen Transfer Technologies in Public Areas for Mobile Applications
Sep 2023
Publication
Federico Ustolin,
Donatella Cirrone,
Vladimir V. Molkov,
Dmitry Makarov,
Alexandros G. Venetsanos,
Stella G. Giannissi,
Giordano Emrys Scarponi,
Alessandro Tugnoli,
Ernesto Salzano,
Valerio Cozzani,
Daniela Lindner,
Birgit Gobereit,
Bernhard Linseisen,
Stuart J. Hawksworth,
Thomas Jordan,
Mike Kuznetsov,
Simon Jallais and
Olga Aneziris
International standards related to cryogenic hydrogen transferring technologies for mobile applications (filling of trucks ships stationary tanks) are missing and there is lack of experience. The European project ELVHYS (Enhancing safety of liquid and vaporized hydrogen transfer technologies in public areas for mobile applications) aims to provide indications on inherently safer and efficient cryogenic hydrogen technologies and protocols in mobile applications by proposing innovative safety strategies which are the results of a detailed risk analysis. This is carried out by applying an inter-disciplinary approach to study both the cryogenic hydrogen transferring procedures and the phenomena that may arise from the loss of containment of a piece of equipment containing hydrogen. ELVHYS will provide critical inputs for the development of international standards by creating inherently safer and optimized procedures and guidelines for cryogenic hydrogen transferring technologies thus increasing their safety level and efficiency. The aim of this paper is twofold: present the state of the art of liquid hydrogen transfer technologies by focusing on previous research projects such as PRESLHY and introduce the objectives and methods planned in the new EU project ELVHYS.
No more items...