Germany

The import of hydrogen and derivatives forms part of many national strategies and is fundamental to achieving climate protection targets. This paper provides an overview and technical comparison of import pathways for hydrogen and derivatives in terms of efficiency technological maturity and development and construction times with a focus on the period up to 2030. The import of hydrogen via pipeline has the highest system efficiency Read More

Hydrogen storage is crucial to developing secure renewable energy systems to meet the European Union’s 2050 carbon neutrality objectives. However a knowledge gap exists concerning the site-specific performance and economic viability of utilizing underground gas storage (UGS) sites for hydrogen storage in Europe. We compile information on European UGS sites to assess potential hydrogen storage capacity and evaluate the associated current and Read More

The decarbonization of the energy sector has been a subject of research and of political discussions for several decades gaining significant attention in the last years. It is commonly acknowledged that the most obvious way to achieve decarbonization is the use of renewable energy sources. Within the context of the energy sector decarbonization many mainly industrialized countries recently started developing national plans to establish a hydrogen-based e Read More

The derivation of an efficient operational strategy for storing intermittent renewable energies using a hybrid battery-hydrogen energy storage system is a difficult task. One approach for deriving an efficient operational strategy is using mathematical optimization in the context of model predictive control. However mathematical optimization derives an operational strategy based on a non-exact mathematical system representation for a specified pr Read More

The global trend towards decarbonization and the demand for energy security have put hydrogen energy into the spotlight of industry politics and societies. Numerous governments worldwide are adopting policies and strategies to facilitate the transition towards hydrogen-based economies. To assess the determinants of such transition this study presents a comparative analysis of the technological innovation systems (TISs) for hydrogen technologie Read More

With the aim of reducing carbon emissions and seeking independence from Russian gas in the wake of the conflict in Ukraine the use of hydrogen in the European Union is expected to rise in the future. In this regard hydrogen transport via pipeline will become increasingly crucial either through the utilization of existing natural gas infrastructure or the construction of new dedicated hydrogen pipelines. This study investigates the effects of hydrogen blen Read More

This research delineates a pivotal advancement in the domain of sustainable energy systems with a focused emphasis on the integration of renewable energy sources—predominantly wind and solar power—into the hydrogen production paradigm. At the core of this scientific endeavor is the formulation and implementation of a deep-learning-based framework for short-term localized weather forecasting specifically designed to enhance the efficiency Read More

The large deployment of hydrogen technologies for new applications such as heat power mobility and other emerging industrial utilizations is essential to meet targets for CO2 reduction. This will lead to an increase in the number of hydrogen installations nearby local populations that will handle hydrogen technologies. Local regulations differ and provide different safety and/or separation distances in different geographies. The purpose of this work is Read More

In the quest for a sustainable future energy-intensive industries (EIIs) stand at the forefront of Europe’s decarbonisation mission. Despite their significant emissions footprint the path to comprehensive decarbonisation remains elusive at EU and national levels. This study scrutinises key sectors such as non-ferrous metals steel cement lime chemicals fertilisers ceramics and glass. It maps out their current environmental impact and potential for mitiga Read More

This study introduces a hybrid energy storage system that combines advanced flywheel technology with hydrogen fuel cells and electrolyzers to address the variability inherent in renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Flywheels provide quick energy dispatch to meet peak demand while hydrogen fuel cells offer sustained power over extended periods. The research explores the strategic integration of these technologies within a hybrid photovoltaic (P Read More

To meet the new regulation for the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure which sets targets for electric recharging and hydrogen refuelling infrastructure by 2025 or 2030 a large infrastructure comprising trucksuitable hydrogen refuelling stations will soon be required. However further standardisation is required to support the uptake of hydrogen for heavy-duty transport for Europe’s green energy future. Hydrogen-powered vehi Read More

Direct solar hydrogen generation via a combination of photovoltaics (PV) andwater electrolysis can potentially ensure a sustainable energy supply whileminimizing greenhouse emissions. The PECSYS project aims at demonstrating asolar-driven electrochemical hydrogen generation system with an area >10 m 2with high efficiency and at reasonable cost. Thermally integrated PV electrolyzers(ECs) using thin-film silicon undoped and silver-doped Cu Read More

To achieve sustainable development the transition from a fossil-based economy to a circular economy is essential. The use of renewable energy sources to make the overall carbon foot print more favorable is an important pre-requisite. In this context it is crucial to valorize all renewable resources through an optimized local integration. One opportunity arises through the synergy between bioresources and green hydrogen. Through techno-economic ass Read More

Climate change is a major concern for the sustainable development of global energy systems. Hydrogen produced through water electrolysis offers a crucial solution by storing and generating renewable energy with minimal environmental impact thereby reducing carbon emissions in the energy sector. Our research evaluates current hydrogen production technologies such as alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) proton exchange membrane water electro Read More

Green hydrogen is expected to be traded globally in future greenhouse gas neutral energy systems. However there is still a lack of temporally- and spatially-explicit cost-potentials for green hydrogen considering the full process chain which are necessary for creating effective global strategies. Therefore this study provides such detailed cost-potentialcurves for 28 selected countries worldwide until 2050 using an optimizing energy systems approach based on Read More

The global population is predicted to increase from ~7.3 billion to over 9 billion people by 2050.Together with rising economic growth this is forecast to result in a 50% increase in fueldemand which will have to be met while reducing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions by 50–80%to maintain social political energy and climate security. This tension between rising fuel demandand the requirement for rapid global decarbonization highlights the need to fast-track th Read More

Hydrogen is set to become an important energy carrier in Germany in the next decades in the country’s quest to reach the target of climate neutrality by 2045. To meet Germany’s potential green hydrogen demand of up to 587 to 1143 TWh by 2045 electrolyser capacities between 7 and 71 GW by 2030 and between 137 to 275 GW by 2050 are required. Presently the capacities for electrolysis are small (around 153 MW) and even with an increase in el Read More

This study uses a multi-method design to investigate the media’s role in shaping Germans’ attitudes toward green hydrogen. It combines an automatized content analysis of 7649 German newspaper articles published between July 2021 and June 2024 and a three-wave panel survey of the German population conducted between June 2023 and June 2024 with an initial sample of 2701 participants. The findings show that the intensity of media reporting o Read More

Hydrogen is becoming increasingly important to achieve the valid defossilization goals. However due to its physical properties especially the storage of hydrogen is challenging. One option in this regard are metal hy drides which are able to store hydrogen in chemically material-bound form. Against this background the goal of this paper is an analysis of possible technical application areas of such metal hydrides – both regarding transport and stati Read More

Integrated steelworks off-gases are generally exploited to produce heat and electricity. However further valorization can be achieved by using them as feedstock for the synthesis of valuable products such as methane and methanol with the addition of renewable hydrogen. This was the aim of the recently concluded project entitled “Intelligent and integrated upgrade of carbon sources in steel industries through hydrogen intensified synthesis process Read More

This work presents a study of the effects that integration of electrolysis facilities for Power-to-X processes have on the power grid. The novel simulation setup combines a high-resolution grid optimization model and a detailed scheduling model for alkaline water electrolysis. The utilization and congestion of power lines in northern Germany is investigated by setting different installed capacities and production strategies of the electrolysis facility. For electrolysi Read More

The geographical understanding of directionality in the literature on mission-oriented innovation systems is still underdeveloped. Therefore this article reflects on whether the allocation of funding for R&D activities to different places can direct innovation systems in space. A placebased approach to the allocation of funding and its effects on innovation systems is developed to analyze how the German national government allocates funding to the national innov Read More

A series of unconfined hydrogen detonation bench-mark experiments are analyzed with respect to CFD code validation and safety measures development. 1-Dimensional in-house code COM1D was applied for validation against experimental data for unconfined detonation of a hemispherical envelope of about 3- and 5-m radius with hydrogen-air mixtures from 20 to 30% hydrogen in air. The code demonstrates a very good agreement with experimental dat Read More

Climate change and the pressure to decarbonize as well as energy security concerns have drawn the attention of policymakers and the industry to hydrogen energy. To advance the hydrogen economy at a global scale research and innovation progress is of significant importance among others. However previous studies have provided only limited quantitative evidence of the effects of research and innovation on the formation of a global hydrogen market. I Read More

Alkaline water electrolysis is a key technology for large-scale hydrogen production. In this process safety and efficiency are among the most essential requirements. Hence optimization strategies must consider both aspects. While experimental optimization studies are the most accurate solution model-based approaches are more cost and time-efficient. However validated process models are needed which consider all important influences and ef Read More