Australia

The use of alternative fuels is a primary means for decarbonising the maritime industry. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid ammonia (LNH3) are liquified gases among the alternative fuels. The safety risks associated with these fuels differ from traditional fuels. In addition to their low-temperature hazards the flammability of LNG and LH2 and the high toxicity of LNH3 present challenges in fuel handlings due to their high likeli Read More

Ammonia is a promising hydrogen carrier for enabling the efficient transport of hydrogen as observed by the many hydrogen transport projects using ammonia. For the clean energy future understanding environmental impacts of the transport system is important. This study conducts life cycle assessment (LCA) for the marine transport of renewable hydrogen using ammonia as the hydrogen carrier. The LCA considered renewable hydrogen produce Read More

As one of the most promising clean energy sources hydrogen power has gradually emerged as a viable alternative to traditional energy sources. However hydrogen safety remains a significant concern due to the potential for explosions and the associated risks. This review systematically examines hydrogen explosions with a focus on high-pressure and low-temperature storage transportation and usage processes mostly based on the published papers Read More

Hydrogen as a clean fuel offers a practical pathway to achieve net-zero targets. However due to its physical and chemical characteristics there are some safety concerns for large-scale hydrogen utilisation particularly in process safety management. Leakage of gaseous hydrogen especially in semi-confined spaces such as tunnels can lead to catastrophic outcomes including uncontrolled fire and explosion. The current paper describes the outcome of a Read More

This paper investigates the circularity of green hydrogen and resource recovery from brine using an integrated approach based on alkaline water electrolysis (AWE). Traditional AWE employs highly alkaline electrolytes which can lead to electrode corrosion undesirable side reactions and gas cross-over issues. Conversely indirect brine electrolysis requires pre-treatment steps which negatively impact both techno-economics and environmental sustainabili Read More

The optimization of hybrid renewable multi-generation systems is crucial for enhancing energy efficiency reducing costs and ensuring sustainable power generation. These factors can be significantly affected by system designs optimization methods climate changes and varying energy demands. The optimization of a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) that integrates various combinations of electricity heating cooling hydrogen Read More

Green hydrogen represents a critical underpinning technology for achievingcarbon neutrality. Although researchers often fixate on its energy inputs atruly ‘green’ hydrogen production process would also be sustainable in termsof water and materials inputs. To address this holistic challenge we demon-strate a new green hydrogen production system which can utilize secondarywastewater as the input (preserving scarce fresh water supplies for drinkingan Read More

This study investigates the techno-economic feasibility of an off-grid integrated solar/wind/hydrokinetic plant to co-generate electricity and hydrogen for a remote micro-community. In addition to the techno-economic viability assessment of the proposed system via HOMER (hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources) a sensitivity analysis is conducted to ascertain the impact of ±10% fluctuations in wind speed solar radiation temperature and water ve Read More

Large-scale hydrogen storage at scales ranging from gigawatt-hours (GWh) to terawatt-hours (TWh) is currently projected to be an important component of the lowest cost options for a 100% variable renewable energy system driven partly by benefits to the grid from converting variable renewable electricity into hydrogen and partly by the anticipated growing role of hydrogen in a future net-zero energy system. Lined engineered cavities (LEC)s are among Read More

The emergence and design of hydrogen transport infrastructures are crucial steps towards the development of a hydrogen economy. However pipeline routing remains underdeveloped in hydrogen infrastructure design models despite its significant impact on the resultant cost and network configuration. Many previous studies assume uniform cost surfaces on which pipelines are designed. Studies that consider a variable cost surface focus on desig Read More

Temporal decomposition methods aim to solve optimisation problems by converting one problem over a large time series into a series of subproblems over shorter time series. This paper introduces one such method where subproblems are defined over a window that moves back and forth repeatedly over the length of the large time series creating a convergent sequence of solutions and mitigating some of the boundary considerations prevalent in other Read More

Hydrogen has become an important component of the global transition to zero-carbon economies. Low-carbon and green hydrogen gas and fuel cell technology for domestic household use will depend on skilled practi tioners particularly gasfitters to convert install and maintain hydrogen-based appliances. Upskilling gasfitters to work with hydrogen is critical to transitioning from natural gas to hydrogen for heating and cooking. Yet limited research exi Read More

Renewable hydrogen production is a pivotal technology in transitioning to sustainable energy and is essential for global decarbonisation efforts. This study explores the integration of hydrogen production into sugarcane bio refineries which have shifted from traditional sugar production to integrated bioenergy hubs. Specifically steam reforming of ethanol was selected as the process for hydrogen generation. A comprehensive techno-economic analysis w Read More

Metal hydride-based hydrogen storage (MHHS) has been used for several purposes including mobile and stationary applications. In general the overall MHHS performance for both applications depends on three main factors which are the appropriate selection of metal hydride material uses design configurations of the MHHS based on the heat exchanger and overall operating conditions. However there are different specific requirements for the two applicatio Read More

Hydrogen injection (HI) is an emerging decarbonisation technology for ironmaking blast furnaces (BFs) yet its impact on the in-furnace phenomenon in the raceway of an industry BF remains unclear. In this study an industrialscale Reactive Computational Fluid Dynamic Discrete Element Method coupling model (rCFD-DEM) is developed to study the impacts of HI on the raceway dynamics and coke combustion inside an industrial-scale BF. To overcome the l Read More

In this article we draw on findings from a mixed-methods international survey of experts in the energy sector (n = 179) to better understand the role of legitimacy theory in informing the development of renewable hydrogen standards certification and labelling (SCL). The investigation is viewed through two conceptions of legitimacy: the sociological legitimacy of increasing the availability of renewable hydrogen technologies and the normative legitima Read More

As the pursuit of greener energy solutions continues industries worldwide are turning away from fossil fuels and exploring the development of sustainable alternatives to meet their energy requirements. As a signatory to the Paris Agreement Australia has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emission by 43% by 2030 and reaching net-zero emissions by 2050. Australia’s domestic maritime sector should align with these targets. This paper aims to contrib Read More

Direct seawater electrolysis (DSE) has emerged as a compelling route to sustainable hydrogen production leveraging the vast global reserves of seawater. However the inherently complex composition of seawater—laden with halide ions multivalent cations (Mg2+ Ca2+) and organic/biological impurities—presents formidable challenges in maintaining both selectivity and durability. Chief among these obstacles is mitigating chloride corrosion and sup Read More

Due to hydrogen’s beneficial characteristics as a sustainable energy carrier the application of pulsing electric fields has been researched for its effectiveness during water electrolysis. Although there have been conflicting findings on the benefits of the application of pulsing electric fields this research highlights the potential it has to enhance the efficiency of water electrolysis while providing clarity on past discrepancies. This research achieves this by identifyi Read More