Transmission, Distribution & Storage
The Role of Long-term Hydrogen Storage in Decarbonizing Remote Communities in Canada: An Optimization Framework with Economic, Environmental and Social Objectives
Nov 2024
Publication
Many small Canadian communities lack access to electricity grids relying instead on costly and polluting diesel generators despite the local availability of renewable energies like solar and wind. The intermittent nature of these sources limits reliable power supply; thus hydrogen is proposed as a cost-effective and ecofriendly long-term energy storage solution. However it remains uncertain whether hydrogen storage can significantly contribute to a 100% Read More
Environmental Assessment of a Hydrogen Supply Chain Using LOHC System with Novel Low-PGM Catalysts: A Life Cycle Approach
Nov 2024
Publication
Hydrogen has emerged as a key element in the transition to a sustainable energy model. Among hydrogen storage and transport technologies liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) stand out as a promising alternative for large-scale long-term use. Catalysts essential in these systems are usually composed of platinum group metals (PGMs) over alumina known for their high cost and scarcity. This study analyzes the overall environmental impact of the LO Read More
Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Hydrogen Transport by Ammonia
Nov 2024
Publication
Ammonia is a promising hydrogen carrier for enabling the efficient transport of hydrogen as observed by the many hydrogen transport projects using ammonia. For the clean energy future understanding environmental impacts of the transport system is important. This study conducts life cycle assessment (LCA) for the marine transport of renewable hydrogen using ammonia as the hydrogen carrier. The LCA considered renewable hydrogen produce Read More
Hydrogen Liquefaction and Storage: Recent Progress and Perspectives
Feb 2023
Publication
The global energy sector accounts for ~75% of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Low-carbon energy carriers such as hydrogen are seen as necessary to enable an energy transition away from the current fossilderived energy paradigm. Thus the hydrogen economy concept is a key part of decarbonizing the global en ergy system. Hydrogen storage and transport are two of key elements of hydrogen economy. Hydrogen can be stored in various forms i Read More
A Thermodynamic Model for Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen Fuel Tanks
Apr 2024
Publication
Hydrogen is used as a fuel in various fields such as aviation space and automobiles due to its high specific energy. Hydrogen can be stored as a compressed gas at high pressure and as a liquid at cryogenic temperatures. In order to keep liquid hydrogen at a cryogenic temperature the tanks for storing liquid hydrogen are required to have insulation to prevent heat leakage. When liquid hydrogen is vaporized by heat inflow a large pressure is generated Read More
Electrochemical Compression Technologies for High-pressure Hydrogen: Current Status, Challenges and Perspective
Aug 2020
Publication
Hydrogen is an ideal energy carrier in future applications due to clean byproducts and high efciency. However many challenges remain in the application of hydrogen including hydrogen production delivery storage and conversion. In terms of hydrogen storage two compression modes (mechanical and non-mechanical compressors) are generally used to increase volume density in which mechanical compressors with several classifcations including re Read More
Hydrogen Production, Storage, and Transportation: Recent Advances
Feb 2024
Publication
One such technology is hydrogen-based which utilizes hydrogen to generate energy without emission of greenhouse gases. The advantage of such technology is the fact that the only by-product is water. Efficient storage is crucial for the practical application of hydrogen. There are several techniques to store hydrogen each with certain advantages and disadvantages. In gaseous hydrogen storage hydrogen gas is compressed and stored at high pr Read More
Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage Applications: A Review
Sep 2008
Publication
Nanomaterials have attracted great interest in recent years because of the unusual mechanical electrical electronic opticalmagnetic and surface properties. The high surface/volume ratio of these materials has significant implications with respectto energy storage. Both the high surface area and the opportunity for nanomaterial consolidation are key attributes of thisnew class of materials for hydrogen storage devices. Nanostructured systems including ca Read More
Well Integrity in Salt Cavern Hydrogen Storage
Jul 2024
Publication
Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in salt caverns is a sustainable energy solution to reduce global warming. Salt rocks provide an exceptional insulator to store natural hydrogen as they have low porosity and permeability. Nevertheless the salt creeping nature and hydrogeninduced impact on the operational infrastructure threaten the integrity of the injection/production wells. Furthermore the scarcity of global UHS initiatives indicates that investigation Read More
A Review of Type V Composite Pressure Vessels and Automated Fibre Placement Based Manufacturing
Feb 2023
Publication
Hydrogen is emerging as a promising future energy medium in a wide range of industries. For mobile applica tions it is commonly stored in a gaseous state within high-pressure composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs). The current state of the art pressure vessel technology known as Type V eliminates the internal polymer gas barrier used in Type IV vessels and instead relies on carbon fibre laminate to provide structural properties and prevent g Read More
Numerical Estimation of the Structural Integrity in an Existing Pipeline Network for the Transportation of Hydrogen Mixture in the Future
Jan 2025
Publication
Hydrogen is gaining attention due to its potential to address key challenges in the sectors of energy transportation and industry since it is a much cleaner energy source when compared to fossil fuels. The transportation of hydrogen from the point of its production to the point of use can be performed by road rail sea pipeline networks or a combination of the abovementioned. Being in the preliminary stage of hydrogen use the utilization of the already e Read More
Optimum Geological Storage Depths for Structural H2 Geo-storage
Sep 2021
Publication
H2 geo-storage has been suggested as a key technology with which large quantities of H2 can be stored and withdrawn again rapidly. One option which is currently explored is H2 storage in sedimentary geologic for mations which are geographically widespread and potentially provide large storage space. The mechanism which keeps the buoyant H2 in the subsurface is structural trapping where a caprock prevents the H2 from rising by capillary forces. It Read More
A Review of the Mechanics of Lined Engineered Cavities and their Implications on Hydrogen Storage
Jan 2025
Publication
Large-scale hydrogen storage at scales ranging from gigawatt-hours (GWh) to terawatt-hours (TWh) is currently projected to be an important component of the lowest cost options for a 100% variable renewable energy system driven partly by benefits to the grid from converting variable renewable electricity into hydrogen and partly by the anticipated growing role of hydrogen in a future net-zero energy system. Lined engineered cavities (LEC)s are among Read More
Understanding Costs in Hydrogen Infrastructure Networks: A Multi-stage Approach for Spatially-aware Pipeline Design
Jan 2025
Publication
The emergence and design of hydrogen transport infrastructures are crucial steps towards the development of a hydrogen economy. However pipeline routing remains underdeveloped in hydrogen infrastructure design models despite its significant impact on the resultant cost and network configuration. Many previous studies assume uniform cost surfaces on which pipelines are designed. Studies that consider a variable cost surface focus on desig Read More
Evaluating the Hydrogen Storage Potential of Shut Down Oil and Gas Fields Along the Norwegian Continental Shelf
Apr 2023
Publication
The underground hydrogen storage (UHS) capacities of shut down oil and gas (O&G) fields along the Norwegian continental shelf (NCS) are evaluated based on the publicly available geological and hydrocarbon production data. Thermodynamic equilibrium and geochemical models are used to describe contamination of hydrogen loss of hydrogen and changes in the mineralogy. The contamination spectrum of black oil fields and retrograde gas fiel Read More
Hydrogen Underground Storage in Silica-Clay Shales: Experimental and Density Functional Theory Investigation
Nov 2023
Publication
In the context of reducing the global emissions of greenhouse gaseshydrogen (H2) has become an attractive alternative to substitute the current fossil fuels.However its properties seasonal fluctuations and the lack of extended energy stabilitymade it extremely difficult to be economically and safely stored for a long term in recentyears. Therefore this paper investigated the potential of shale gas reservoirs (rich andlow clay−rich silica minerals) to sto Read More
An Efficient Renewable Hybridization Based on Hydrogen Storage for Peak Demand Reduction: A Rule-based Energy Control and Optimisation Using Machine Learning Techniques
Dec 2022
Publication
The present study proposes and thoroughly examines a novel approach for the effective hybridization of solar and wind sources based on hydrogen storage to increase grid stability and lower peak load. The parabolic trough collector vanadium chloride thermochemical cycle hydrogen storage tank alkaline fuel cells thermal energy storage and absorption chiller make up the suggested smart system. Additionally the proposed system includes a wind turbin Read More
Optimization of the Design of Underground Hydrogen Storage in Salt Caverns in Southern Ontario, Canada
Jan 2025
Publication
With the issue of energy shortages becoming increasingly serious the need to shift to sustainable and clean energy sources has become urgent. However due to the intermittent nature of most renewable energy sources developing underground hydrogen storage (UHS) systems as backup energy solutions offers a promising solution. The thick and regionally extensive salt deposits in Unit B of Southern Ontario Canada have demonstrated significant potential f Read More
Review on Onshore and Offshore Large-scale Seasonal Hydrogen Storage for Electricity Generation: Focusing on Improving Compression, Storage, and Roundtrip Efficiency
Jun 2024
Publication
This article presents a comprehensive review of the current landscape and prospects of large-scale hydrogen storage technologies with a focus on both onshore and offshore applications and flexibility. Highlighting the evolving technological advancements it explores storage and compression techniques identifying potential research directions and avenues for innovation. Underwater hydrogen storage and hybrid metal hydride com pressed gas tan Read More
Optimal Sizing of Renewable Energy Storage: A Techno-economic Analysis of Hydrogen, Battery and Hybrid Systems Considering Degradation and Seasonal Storage
Feb 2023
Publication
Energy storage is essential to address the intermittent issues of renewable energy systems thereby enhancing system stability and reliability. This paper presents the design and operation optimisation of hydrogen/battery/ hybrid energy storage systems considering component degradation and energy cost volatility. The study ex amines a real-world case study which is a grid-connected warehouse located in a tropical climate zone with a photovoltaic s Read More
Hydrogen Storage in Depleted Gas Reservoirs with Carbon Dioxide as a Cushion Gas: Exploring a Lateral Gas Seperation Strategy to Reduce Gas Mixing
Jan 2025
Publication
Large-scale H2 storage in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs offers a practical way to use existing energy infra structure to address renewable energy intermittency. Cushion gases often constitute a large initial investment especially when expensive H2 is used. Cheaper alternatives such as CO2 or in-situ CH4 can reduce costs and in the case of CO2 integrate within carbon capture and storage systems. This study explored cushion and working gas dyna Read More
Hydrogen Impact on Transmission Pipeline Risk: Probabilistic Analysis of Failure Cases
Jan 2025
Publication
Transmission pipelines are the safest and most economical solution for long-distance hydrogen delivery. However safety and reliability issues such as hydrogen’s impact on material properties including fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth could restrict pipeline development. This impact may also increase the risk of several pipeline failure causes including excavation damage corrosion earth movement material failures and other hydrogen d Read More
Assessment of Wettability and Rock-fluid Interfacial Tension of Caprock: Implications for Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide Geo-storage
Mar 2022
Publication
Underground hydrogen (H2) storage (UHS) and carbon dioxide (CO2) geo-storage (CGS) are prominent methods of meeting global energy needs and enabling a low-carbon global economy. The pore-scale distribution reservoir-scale storage capacity and containment security of H2 and CO2 are significantly influenced by interfacial properties including the equilibrium contact angle (θE) and solid-liquid and solid-gas interfacial tensions (γSL and γSG). Ho Read More
Hydrogen-induced Calcite Dissolution in Amaltheenton Formation Claystones: Implications for Underground Hydrogen Storage Caprock Integrity
Aug 2022
Publication
With the rising potential of underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in depleted oil and gas reservoirs or deep saline aquifers questions remain regarding changes to geological units due to interaction with injected hydrogen. Of particular importance is the integrity of potential caprocks/seals with respect to UHS. The results of this study show significant dissolution of calcite fossil fragments in claystone caprock proxies that were treated with a combination o Read More
Knowledge Production in Technological Innovation System: A Comprehensive Evaluation using a Multi-criteria Framework based on Patent Data - A Case Study on Hydrogen Storage
Jan 2025
Publication
Knowledge production activity is central within a technological innovation system. The number of patent ap plications is commonly used to evaluate this activity. However it is subject to bias and inaccurate evaluations can occur. This article proposes a multi-criteria framework based on seven complementary patent indicators taking into account the persistence commitment and coherence of knowledge production activities for a more comprehensive e Read More
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