Production & Supply Chain
Control Strategy for Hydrogen Production System using HTO-based Hybrid Electrolyzers
Feb 2025
Publication
Renewable energy-based water electrolysis for hydrogen production is an effective pathway to achieve green energy transition. However the intermittency and randomness of renewable energy pose numerous challenges to the safe and stable operation of hydrogen production systems with the wide power fluctuation adaptability and economic efficiency of electrolyzers being prominent issues. Hybrid electrolyzers combine the operational characterist Read More
Advancing Nickel-based Catalysts for Enhanced Hydrogen Production: Innovations in Electrolysis and Catalyst Design
Feb 2025
Publication
Nickel-based catalysts recognized for their cost-efficiency and availability play a critical role in advancing hydrogen production technologies. This study evaluates their optimization in water electrolysis to improve efficiency and system stability. Key findings highlight the enhancement of these catalysts with nickel-iron oxyhydroxide and nickel-molybdenum co-catalysts. Technological innovations such as Perovskite Solar Cells integration for solar-to-hydr Read More
Non-Renewable and Renewable Exergy Costs of Water Electrolysis in Hydrogen Production
Mar 2025
Publication
Hydrogen production via water electrolysis and renewable electricity is expected to play a pivotal role as an energy carrier in the energy transition. This fuel emerges as the most environmentally sustainable energy vector for non-electric applications and is devoid of CO2 emissions. However an electrolyzer´s infrastructure relies on scarce and energyintensive metals such as platinum palladium iridium (PGM) silicon rare earth elements and silver. Under Read More
A Multi-Optimization Method for Capacity Configuration of Hybrid Electrolyzer in a Stand-Alone Wind-Photovoltaic-Battery System
Mar 2025
Publication
The coupling of renewable energy sources with electrolyzers under standalone conditions significantly enhances the operational efficiency and improves the costeffectiveness of electrolyzers as a technologically viable and sustainable solution for green hydrogen production. To address the configuration optimization challenge in hybrid electrolyzer systems integrating alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) and proton exchange membrane electrolysis (P Read More
Hybrid CSP-PV Combination to Enhance the Green Hydrogen Production in Morocco: Solar Technologies Evaluation and Techno-Economic Analysis
Mar 2025
Publication
With the fast-growing implementation of renewable energy projects Morocco is positioned as a pioneer in green and sustainable development aiming to achieve 52% of its electricity production from renewable sources by 2030. This ambitious target faces challenges due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy which impacts grid stability. Hydrogen offers a promising solution but identifying the most cost-effective production configurations is critical Read More
Sustainable Hydrogen Production from Plastic Waste: Optimizing Pyrolysis for a Circular Economy
Mar 2025
Publication
: Hydrogen is a clean non-polluting fuel and a key player in decarbonizing the energy sector. Interest in hydrogen production has grown due to climate change concerns and the need for sustainable alternatives. Despite advancements in waste-to-hydrogen technologies the efficient conversion of mixed plastic waste via an integrated thermochemical process remains insufficiently explored. This study introduces a novel multi-stage pyrolysis-reformi Read More
Comparative Techno-environmental Analysis of Grey, Blue, Green/Yellow and Pale-blue Hydrogen Production
Mar 2025
Publication
Hydrogen holds immense potential to assist in the transition from fossil fuels to sustainable energy sources but its environmental impact depends on how it is produced. This study introduces the pale-blue hydrogen production method which is a hybrid approach utilizing both carbon capture and bioenergy inputs. Comparative life cycle analysis is shown for grey blue green and pale-blue hydrogen using cumulative energy demand carbon footprint (CF) and w Read More
Photocatalytic Water Splitting for Large-scale Solar-to-chemical Energy Conversion and Storage
Dec 2024
Publication
Sunlight-driven water splitting allows renewable hydrogen to be produced from abundant and environmentally benign water. Large-scale societal implementation of this green fuel production technology within energy generation systems is essential for the establishment of sustainable future societies. Among various technologies photocatalytic water splitting using particulate semiconductors has attracted increasing attention as a method to pro Read More
The Bright Future of Solar-driven Hydrogen Production
Dec 2024
Publication
Hydrogen production from sunlight using innovative photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical systems offers decentralized sustainable energy solutions with potential applications in remote off-grid locations.Photocatalytic hydrogen production has the potential to transform clean cooking by reducing dependency on wood and charcoal in low-resource settings addressing significant health and environmental challenges.Photocatalytic reactors could also be u Read More
Sorption-enhanced Steam Gasification of Biomass for H2-rich Gas Production and In-situ CO2 Capture by CaO-based Sorbents: A Critical Review
Feb 2023
Publication
The sorption-enhanced steam gasification of biomass (SEBSG) is considered a prospective thermo-chemical technology for high-purity H2 production with in-situ CO2 capture. Fundamental concepts and operating conditions of SEBSG technology were summarized in this review. Considerable industrial demonstration units have been conducted on pilot scales for large-scale availability of the SEBSG process. The influence of process parameters su Read More
Open-Circuit Switch Fault Diagnosis and Accommodation of a Three-Level Interleaved Buck Converter for Electrolyzer Applications
Mar 2023
Publication
This article proposes a novel open-circuit switch fault diagnosis method (FDM) for a three-level interleaved buck converter (TLIBC) in a hydrogen production system based on the water electrolysis process. The control algorithm is suitably modified to ensure the same hydrogen production despite the fault. The TLIBC enables the interfacing of the power source (i.e. low-carbon energy sources) and electrolyzer while driving the hydrogen production of the s Read More
Comparative Analysis of Power Converter Topologies for Hydrogen Electrolyzers
Oct 2024
Publication
Power electronic converters are essential for connecting high-power electrolyzers to ac grids. The existing literature on comparative analyses of AC-DC power converters for electrolyzer applications is often limited to thyristor rectifiers (TRs) and diode bridge rectifiers with DC-DC converters. Interestingly active front-end (AFE) power converters have not garnered much attention. In addition critical aspects such as the impact of nonideal grid behavi Read More
Research on DC Power Supply for Electrolytic Water to Hydrogen Based on Renewable Energy
Nov 2022
Publication
Hydrogen production from electrolytic water based on Renewable Energy has been found as a vital method for the local consumption of new energy and the utilization of hydrogen energy. In this paper the hydrogen production power supply matching the working characteristics of electrolytic water production was investigated. Through the analysis of the correlation between the electrolysis current and temperature of the proton exchange membrane electro Read More
Techno-economic Analysis with Electrolyser Degradation Modelling in Green Hydrogen Production Scenarios
Feb 2025
Publication
A pivotal ambition to aid global decarbonisation efforts is green electrolytic hydrogen produced with renewable energy. Prolonged operation of water electrolysers induces cell degradation decreasing production efficiency and gas yield over the lifespan of the electrolyser stack. Considerations for degradation modelling is seen to a varying extent in previous literature. This work shows the effects of including degradation modelling within exist Read More
Multidimensional Comparison of Life Cycle Footprint of Hydrogen Production Technologies
Feb 2025
Publication
Hydrogen as an energy carrier will play an important role in the future in achieving sustainable development goals in the energy and mobility sectors as well as to reach decarbonization goals. Currently adopted hydrogen strategies foresee a significant increase in the amount of hydrogen used in the future. To meet this increased volume in the most sustainable way a careful analysis of potential hydrogen production technologies is necessary considering Read More
Experimental Investigation and Evaluation of Newly Designed Electrodes for Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Jan 2025
Publication
Alkaline water electrolysis is a promising clean hydrogen production technology that accounts for a small percentage of global hydrogen production. Therefore the technique requires further research and development to achieve higher efficiencies and lower hydrogen production costs to replace the utilization of non-renewable energy sources for hydrogen production. In this study electrodes are fabricated through fused deposition modelling 3 Read More
How to Size Regional Electrolysis Systems - Simple Guidelines for Deploying Grid-supporting Electrolysis in Regions with Renewable Energy Generation
Nov 2023
Publication
Our energy system is facing major challenges in the course of the unavoidable shift from fossil fuels to fluctuating renewable energy sources. Regional hydrogen production by electrolysis utilizing regional available excess energy can support the expansion of renewable energy by converting surplus energy into hydrogen and sup plying it to the end energy sectors as a secondary energy carrier or process media. We developed a methodology which all Read More
Design of the Converter Prototype for Powering the Hydrogen Electrolyzer
Feb 2025
Publication
Electrolysis which uses direct current is the most common way to produce hydrogen gas. However its efficiency is very low about 70%. The method used when current pulses are used by electrolysis is called pulse electrolysis. According to other studies this method can increase the efficiency of the production of hydrogen gas by the electrolysis of water. The main objective of this paper is to present a prototype of a converter that provides current pulses Read More
Energy Storage and Management of Offshore Wind-Based Green Hydrogen Production
Feb 2025
Publication
The coupling of offshore wind energy with hydrogen production involves complex energy flow dynamics and management challenges. This study explores the production of hydrogen through a PEM electrolyzer powered by offshore wind farms and Lithium-ion batteries. A digital twin is developed in Python with the aim of supporting the sizing and carrying out a techno-economic analysis. A controller is designed to manage energy flows on an hourly basis. Thr Read More
Modulating Selectivity and Stability of the Direct Seawater Electrolysis for Sustainable Green Hydrogen Production
Feb 2025
Publication
Direct seawater electrolysis (DSE) has emerged as a compelling route to sustainable hydrogen production leveraging the vast global reserves of seawater. However the inherently complex composition of seawater—laden with halide ions multivalent cations (Mg2+ Ca2+) and organic/biological impurities—presents formidable challenges in maintaining both selectivity and durability. Chief among these obstacles is mitigating chloride corrosion and sup Read More
Electrolytic Hydrogen Production: How Green Must Green Be?
Jan 2025
Publication
Electrolytic hydrogen from renewable sources is central to many nations' net-zero emission strategies serving as a low-carbon alternative for traditional uses and enabling decarbonisation across multiple sectors. Current stringent policies in the EU and US are set to soon require hourly time-matching of renewable electricity generation used by electrolysers aimed at ensuring that hydrogen production does not cause significant direct or indirect emissions. Wh Read More
Electrical Energy Storage Combined with Renewable Hydrogen Production
Feb 2025
Publication
The applications and need for large-scale long-duration electrical energy storage are growing as both the share of renewable energy in energy systems and the demand for flexibility increase. One potential application is the renewable hydrogen industry where temporal matching of renewable electricity generation and hydrogen production will be required in the future according to the new European Union regulations. In this paper a case study of Read More
Enhancing Efficiency in Photovoltaic Hydrogen Production: A Comparative Analysis of MPPT and Electrolysis Control Strategies
Feb 2025
Publication
With the rapid growth of photovoltaic installed capacity photovoltaic hydrogen production can effectively solve the problem of electricity mismatch between new energy output and load demand. Photovoltaic electrolysis systems pose unique challenges due to their nonlinear multivariable and complex nature. This paper presents a thorough investigation into the control methodologies for such systems focusing on both Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Read More
Impacts of Intermittency on Low-temperature Electrolysis Technologies: A Comprehensive Review
May 2024
Publication
By offering promising solutions to two critical issues – the integration of renewable energies into energy systems and the decarbonization of existing hydrogen applications – green hydrogen production through water electrolysis is set to play a crucial role in addressing the major challenges of the energy transition. However the successful integration of renewable energy sources relies on gaining accurate insights into the impacts that intermittent el Read More
Offshore Facilities to Produce Hydrogen
Jun 2017
Publication
As a result of international agreements on the reduction of CO2 emissions new technologies using hydrogen are being developed. Hydrogen despite being the most abundant element in Nature cannot be found in its pure state. Water is one of the most abundant sources of hydrogen on the planet. The proposal here is to use energy from the sea in order to obtain hydrogen from water. If plants to obtain hydrogen were to be placed in the ocean the impact Read More
Review - Engineering Challenges in Green Hydrogen Production Systems
May 2022
Publication
Today hydrogen (H2) is overwhelmingly produced through steam methane reforming (SMR) of natural gas which emits about 12 kg of carbon dioxide (CO2) for 1 kg of H2 (∼12 kg-CO2/kg-H2). Water electrolysis offers an alternative for H2 production but today’s electrolyzers consume over 55 kWh of electricity for 1 kg of H2 (>55 kWh/kg-H2). Electric grid-powered water electrolysis would emit less CO2 than the SMR process when the carbon intensity for grid Read More
Development of a Novel Thermochemical Cycle Without Electrolysis Step to Produce Hydrogen
Jan 2025
Publication
This study presents a new three-step Cu-Cl cycle that can operate with heat input without electrolysis. While the sensitivity analyses of the system are performed to evaluate the system performance through the Aspen Plus thermodynamic analyses of the system are performed with energetic and exergetic approaches. The highest exergy destruction among the components in the system was the decomposition reactor with a rate of 50.6%. Furtherm Read More
Silica Aerogels as a Promising Vehicle for Effective Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production
Mar 2025
Publication
This comprehensive review explores silica aerogels and their application in environmental remediation. Due to rapid growth in the consumption of energy and water resources the purification of contaminated resources for use by humankind should be considered important. The primary objectives of this review are to assess the evolving landscape of silica aerogels their preparation and drying techniques and to discuss the main findings from a wide range Read More
Adaptive Sliding Mode Control of an Interleaved Buck Converter–Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer for a Green Hydrogen Production System
Mar 2025
Publication
This paper presents an advanced Adaptive Sliding Mode Control (ASMC) strategy specifically developed for a hydrogen production system based on a Proton Exchange Membrane electrolyzer (PEM electrolyzer). This work utilized a static model of the PEM electrolyzer characterized by its V-I electrical characteristic which was approximated by a linear equation. The ASMC was designed to estimate the coefficients of this equation which are essential for designi Read More
An Insight into the Application and Progress of Artificial Intelligence in the Hydrogen Production Industry: A Review
Mar 2025
Publication
The urgent need for low carbon emissions in hydrogen production has become increasingly critical as global energy demands rise highlighting the inefficiencies in traditional methods and the industry’s challenges in meeting evolving environmental standards. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these challenges and opportunities. The current review discusses the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies especially machine Read More
Selection of a Green Hydrogen Production Facility Location with a Novel Heuristic Approach
Mar 2025
Publication
The production of green hydrogen the cleanest energy source plays a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency of renewable energy systems by utilizing surplus energy that would otherwise be wasted. With the global shift towards sustainability and the rising adoption of renewable energy sources green hydrogen is gaining significant importance as both an energy carrier and a storage solution. However determining the optimal locations for green hydrogen pr Read More
Increasing the Efficiency of Water Electrolysis with the Application of Pulsing Electric Fields
Mar 2025
Publication
Due to hydrogen’s beneficial characteristics as a sustainable energy carrier the application of pulsing electric fields has been researched for its effectiveness during water electrolysis. Although there have been conflicting findings on the benefits of the application of pulsing electric fields this research highlights the potential it has to enhance the efficiency of water electrolysis while providing clarity on past discrepancies. This research achieves this by identifyi Read More
Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis Driven by a Photovoltaic Source: A Review
May 2024
Publication
The integration of water electrolyzers and photovoltaic (PV) solar technology is a potential development in renewable energy systems offering new avenues for sustainable energy generation and storage. This coupling consists of using PV-generated electricity to power water electrolysis breaking down water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. While oxygen is a useful byproduct the created hydrogen is used as a clean storable energy carrier or feeds Read More
Investigation of Hydrogen Production System-Based PEM EL: PEM EL Modeling, DC/DC Power Converter, and Controller Design Approaches
Apr 2023
Publication
The main component of the hydrogen production system is the electrolyzer (EL) which is used to convert electrical energy and water into hydrogen and oxygen. The power converter supplies the EL and the controller is used to ensure the global stability and safety of the overall system. This review aims to investigate and analyze each one of these components: Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer (PEM EL) electrical modeling DC/DC power conv Read More
What is Next in Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers? Bottlenecks, Benefits, and Future
Mar 2022
Publication
As highlighted by the recent roadmaps from the European Union and the United States water electrolysis is the most valuable high-intensity technology for producing green hydrogen. Currently two commercial low-temperature water electrolyzer technologies exist: alkaline water electrolyzer (A-WE) and proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEM-WE). However both have major drawbacks. A-WE shows low productivity and efficiency while PEM-W Read More
Photovoltaic-Assisted Photo(electro)catalytic Hydrogen Production: A Review
Aug 2023
Publication
The idea of supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has inspired researchers around the world to explore more environmentally friendly energy generation and production methods especially those related to solar and hydrogen energy. Among the various available sustainable energy technologies photo(electro)catalytic hydrogen production has been competitively explored benefiting from its versatile platform to utilize solar en Read More
A Review on the Use of Catalysis for Biogas Steam Reforming
Nov 2023
Publication
Hydrogen production from natural gas or biogas at different purity levels has emerged as an important technology with continuous development and improvement in order to stand for sustainable and clean energy. Regarding biogas which can be obtained from multiple sources hydrogen production through the steam reforming of methane is one of the most important methods for its energy use. In that sense the role of catalysts to make the process Read More
Renewable Hydrogen Production from Biomass Derivatives or Water on Trimetallic Based Catalysts
Oct 2023
Publication
Hydrogen has emerged as a promising new energy source that can be produced in renewable mode for example from biomass derivatives reforming or water splitting. However the conventional catalysts used for hydrogen production in renewable mode suffer from limitations in activity selectivity and/or stability. To overcome these limitations nanostructured catalysts with multicomponent active phases particularly trimetallic catalysts are being expl Read More
Recent Progress on Ammonia Cracking Technologies for Scalable Hydrogen Production
Jun 2024
Publication
The global energy transition necessitates the development of technologies enabling cost-effective and scalable conversion of renewable energies into storable and transportable forms. Green ammonia with its high hydrogen storage capacity emerges as a promising carbon-free hydrogen carrier. This article reviews recent progress in industrially relevant catalysts and technologies for ammonia cracking which is a pivotal step in utilizing ammonia as a h Read More
Quantifying Natural Hydrogen Generation Rates and Volumetric Potential in Onshore Serpentinization
Mar 2025
Publication
This study explores the generation of natural hydrogen through the serpentinization of onshore ultramafic rocks highlighting its potential as a clean energy resource. By investigating critical factors such as mineral composition temperature and pressure the research develops an empirical model using multiple regression analysis to predict hydrogen generation rates under varying geological conditions. A novel five-stage volumetric calculation methodolo Read More
Prospective LCA of Alkaline and PEM Electrolyser Systems
Nov 2023
Publication
This prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) compares the environmental impacts of alkaline electrolyser (AE) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser systems for green hydrogen production with a special focus on the stack components. The study evaluates both baseline and near-future advanced designs considering cradle-to-gate life cycle from material production to operation. The electricity source followed by the stacks are ide Read More
A Review on Green Hydrogen Production by Aqueous Phase Reforming of Lignocellulose and Derivatives
Mar 2025
Publication
With the intensification of the global energy crisis hydrogen has attracted significant attention as a high-energy-density and zero-emission clean energy source. Traditional hydrogen production methods are dependent on fossil fuels and simultaneously contribute to environmental pollution. The aqueous phase reforming (APR) of renewable biomass and its derivatives has emerged as a research hotspot in recent years due to its ability to produce green h Read More
Machine Learning for the Optimization and Performance Prediction of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells: A Review
Mar 2025
Publication
Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) represent a promising technology because they have the potential to achieve greater efficiency than existing electrolysis methods making them a strong candidate for sustainable hydrogen production. SOECs utilize a solid oxide electrolyte which facilitates the migration of oxygen ions while maintaining gas impermeability at temperatures between 600 ◦C and 900 ◦C. This review provides an overview of the recent ad Read More
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