Applications & Pathways

Reducing green‐house gases emission from light‐duty vehicles is compulsory in order to slow down the climate change. The application of High Frequency Ignition systems based on the Corona discharge effect has shown the potential to extend the dilution limit of engine operating conditions promoting lower temperatures and faster combustion events thus higher thermal and indicating efficiency. Furthermore predicting the behavior of Corona ignition Read More

Transport is one of the key sectors of the European economy. However the intensive development of transport caused negative effects in the form of an increase in the emission of harmful substances. The particularly dramatic situation took place in the V4 countries. This made it necessary to implement solutions reducing emissions in transport including passenger transport. Such activities can be implemented in the field of implementation of low-e Read More

Hydrogen as carbon-free fuel is a very promising candidate for climate-neutral internal combustion engine operation. In comparison to other renewable fuels hydrogen does obviously not produce CO2 emissions. In this work two concepts of hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2 -ICEs) are investigated experimentally. One approach is the modification of a state-of-the-art gasoline passenger car engine using hydrogen direct injection. It targets gas Read More

To ensure the UK’s net zero targets are met the transition from conventionally fueled transport to low emission alternatives is necessary. The impact from increased decarbonised electricity generation on ecosystem services (ES) and natural capital (NC) are not currently quantified with decarbonisation required to minimise impacts from climate change. This study aims to project the future electric and hydrogen energy demand between 2020 and 2050 for Read More

In order to maximise European national and regional research and innovation potential the European Union is investing in these fields through different funding mechanisms such as the ESIF or H2020 programme. This investment plan is part of the European 2020 strategy where the concept of Smart Specialisation is also included.Smart Specialisation is an innovation policy concept designed to promote the efficient and effective use of public inv Read More

The development of public transport systems is related to the implementation of modern and low-carbon vehicles. Over the last several years there has been a clear progress in this field. The number of electric buses has increased and the first solutions in the area of hydrogen fuel cells have been implemented. Unfortunately the implementation of these technologies is connected with significant financial expenditure. The goal of the article is the analysis o Read More

Biomaterials attract a lot of attention as next-generation materials. Especially in the energy field fuel cells based on biomaterials can further develop clean next-generation energy and are focused on with great interest. In this study solid-state hydrogen fuel (PSII–chitin composite) composed of the photosystem II (PSII) and hydrated chitin composite was successfully created. Moreover a biofuel cell consisting of the electrolyte of chitin and the hydrogen fuel Read More

Quantron AG was created in 2019 as a high-tech spin-off of the well-known Haller GmbH & Co. KG with the vision of paving the way for e-mobility in inner-city and regional passenger and cargo transportation. Quantron AG combines innovative ability and expertise in e-vans e-trucks and e-buses with the long-standing knowledge and experience of Haller GmbH & Co. KG in the commercial vehicle sector. The company's approach to e-Mobility is defined b Read More

Carbonate looping (CaL) has been shown to be less energy-intensive when compared to mature carbon capture technologies. Further reduction in the efficiency penalties can be achieved by employing a more efficient source of heat for the calcination process instead of oxy-fuel combustion. In this study a kW-scale solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-integrated calciner was designed and developed to evaluate the technical feasibility of simultaneously genera Read More

Introducing CO2 electrochemical conversion technology to the iron-making blast furnace not only reduces CO2 emissions but also produces H2 as a byproduct that can be used as an auxiliary reductant to further decrease carbon consumption and emissions. With adequate H2 supply to the blast furnace the injection of H2 is limited because of the disadvantageous thermodynamic characteristics of the H2 reduction reaction in the blast furnace. This Read More

Chris Jackson is the Founder and CEO of Protium Green Solutions based in London. Protium is a hydrogen energy services company that designs develops finances owns and operates clean hydrogen solutions for clients to achieve net zero energy emissions at their industrial/manufacturing sites. Chris will talk to us about the Protium story and also give us some insight into a major project that Protium recently announced in conjunction Budweiser Brewing Read More

The transportation and mobility sector is vast complex unwieldy and most excitingly an obvious area of focus for hydrogen fuel cell technology applications. Hydrogen FCEVs allow vehicles to run in a wide range of environments with zero tailpipe emissions and can do so without the need for extremely heavy battery cells and can be refueled in the same amount of time as a modern ICE vehicle. This makes hydrogen FCEVs an ideal fit for the heavy com Read More

Hydrogen has been attracting attention as a fuel in the transportation sector to achieve carbon neutrality. Hydrogen storage in liquid form is preferred in locomotives ships drones and aircraft because these require high power but have limited space. However liquid hydrogen must be in a cryogenic state wherein thermal insulation is a core problem. Inner materials including glass bubbles multi-layer insulation (MLI) high vacuum and vapor-cooled sh Read More

Electromobility is a growing technology for land transport constituting an important element of the concept of sustainable economic development. The article presents selected research results concerning one of the segments of this market-vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cells. The subject of the research was to gain extensive knowledge on the economic factors influencing the future purchasing decisions of the demand side in relation to this category of Read More

On this week's episode the EAH team catches up with Mark Selby Chief Technology Officer at Ceres Power to dive into the world of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and solid oxide electrolyzer (SOE) technologies. Ceres Power specializes in the design of SOFCs for applications in a diverse range of energy intensive sectors. Mark takes the time in this episode to walk the team through the details advantages and challenges of deploying SOFCs and low-carbon hydrogen Read More

Achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 will require accelerated efforts that include decarbonizing long-haul truck transportation. In this difficult-to-decarbonize low-margin industry economic transparency on technology options is vital for decision makers seeking to eliminate emissions. Battery electric (BET) and hydrogen fuel cell electric trucks (FCET) can represent emission-free alternatives to diesel-powered trucks (DT). Previous studies focus on cost co Read More

In this fourth episode Simon Buckley and Matthew Moss from Innovate UK KTN are exploring the use of hydrogen in the global maritime industry alongside their special guest Chester Lewis Business Development Manager at Ryze Hydrogen.This podcast can be found on their website

‘A System For All Seasons’ analyses Britain’s electricity generation and consumption trends concluding that the country’s wind and solar farms will have enough spare electricity generated in spring and summer when demand is lower to produce green hydrogen to the equivalent capacity of 25 Hinkley Point C nuclear power plants.The hydrogen stored would provide the same amount of energy needed for every person in the UK to charge a Tesla Model Read More

Densified liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen is a promising propulsion fuel in the future. In order to systematically demonstrate the benefits and challenges of densified liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen a transient thermodynamical model considering the heat leakage temperature rise engine thrust pressurization pressure of the tank and wall thickness of tank is developed in the present paper and the performance of densified liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen a Read More

The results of studies of the influence of hydrogen and hydrogen-containing gas additives on the parameters of various types of internal combustion engines are analyzed and summarized. It made possible to identify the features of the effect on the combustion of fuel during internal combustion engine operation at partial loads. The dependences of reducing the toxicity and fuel consumption of internal combustion engine on the amount of addition of hydro Read More

“Linking the power and transport sectors—Part 1” describes the general principle of “sector coupling” (SC) develops a working definition intended of the concept to be of utility to the international scientific community contains a literature review that provides an overview of relevant scientific papers on this topic and conducts a rudimentary analysis of the linking of the power and transport sectors on a worldwide EU and German level. The aim of this f Read More

Considering energy crises and pollution problems today much work has been done for alternative fuels for fossil fuels and lowering the toxic components in the combustion products. Expert studies proved that hydrogen one of the prominent alternative energy source which has many excellent combustion properties that can be used for improving combustion and emissions performance of gasoline-fuelled spark ignition (SI) engines. This article exper Read More

In this paper a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is implemented as a grid-connected electrical generator that uses hydrogen gas as fuel and air as an oxidant to produce electricity through electrochemical reactions. Analysis demonstrated that the performance of the PEMFC greatly depends on the rate of fuel supply and air supply pressure. Critical fuel and air supply pressures of the PEMFC are analysed to test its feasibility for the grid connec Read More

A thermochemical recuperation (TCR) reactor was developed and experimentally evaluated with the objective to improve dual-fuel diesel–ammonia compression ignition engines. The novel system simultaneously decomposed ammonia into a hydrogen-containing mixture to allow high diesel fuel replacement ratios and oxidized unburned ammonia emissions in the exhaust overcoming two key shortcomings of ammonia combustion in engin Read More

Green hydrogen could play a crucial role in the maritime industry’s journey towards decarbonization. Produced through electrolysis hydrogen is emission free and could be widely available across the globe in future – as a marine fuel or a key enabler for synthetic fuels. Many in shipping recognize hydrogen’s potential as a fuel but the barriers to realizing this potential are substantial.The 1st Edition of the ‘Handbook for Hydrogen-fuelled Vessels’ offers a Read More

With the global warming of the planet new forms of energy are being sought as an alternative to fossil fuels. Currently hydrogen (H2) is seen as a strong alternative for fueling vehicles. However the major challenge in the use of H2 arises from its physical properties. An earlier study was conducted on the storage of H2 used as fuel in road vehicles powered by spark ignition engines or stacks of fuel cells stored under high pressure inside small sphere Read More

The need to reduce the climate impact of the transport sector has led to an increasing interest in the utilisation of alternative fuels. Producing advanced fuels through the integration of anaerobic digestion and power-to-fuel technologies may offer a solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from difficult to decarbonise modes of transport such as heavy goods vehicles shipping and commercial aviation while also offering wider system benefits. This pa Read More

With little time left for humanity to reduce climate change to a tolerable level a highly scalable and rapidly deployable solution is needed that can be implemented by any country. Offshore wind energy in international waters is an underused resource and could even be harnessed by landlocked countries. In this paper the use of sailing wind turbines operating autonomously in high seas to harvest energy is proposed. The electrical energy that is genera Read More

HyPoint led by its CEO and co-founder Alex Ivanenko is at the cutting edge of the industry's efforts to find zero-emissions aircraft propulsion systems that do not sacrifice speed and power in the name of sustainability. HyPoint is a leading producer of high-temperature PEM fuel cells for aviation applications including for logistic drones air taxis electric vertical takeoff and landing vehicles (eVTOLs) and fixed-wing airplanes. On this episode of the EAH po Read More

On this weeks episode the team are talking all things hydrogen with Craig Scott the Group Manager for Toyota North America a global automotive giant and a recognised pioneer in the field of fuel cell mobility. On the show we get into the story of Toyota’s roll out of fuel cell mobility solutions in North America the challenges and opportunities that fuel cell vehicles can offer in the hydrogen market and the challenges around infrastructure. Importantly we als Read More

Decarbonisation of heating and road transport are regarded as necessary but very challenging steps on the pathway to net zero carbon emissions. Assessing the most efficient routes to decarbonise these sectors requires an integrated view of energy and road transport systems. Here we describe how a national gas and electricity transmission network model was extended to represent multiple local energy systems and coupled with a national energy dem Read More

The hydrogen diffusion behavior and hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of dual phase (DP) steels with different martensite content were investigated using the slow strain-rate tensile test and hydrogen permeation measurement. Results showed that a logarithmic relationship was established between the hydrogen embrittlement index (IHE) and the effective hydrogen diffusion coefficient (Deff). When the martensite content is low ferrite/ martensite Read More

On this weeks episode the team are talking all things hydrogen with Jacob Krogsgaard the CEO of Everfuel a leading supplier of green hydrogen for mobility and industry in Europe. Since its establishment by Nel and a Consortium of parties and investors Everfuel has become a market leader in establishing green hydrogen solutions for mobility in Europe and has recently expanded into areas such as power-to-gas as well. The team catch up with Jacob on Ev Read More

This paper discusses the performance improvement of a green building by optimization procedures and the influences of load characteristics on optimization. The green building is equipped with a self-sustained hybrid power system consisting of solar cells wind turbines batteries proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) electrolyzer and power electronic devices. We develop a simulation model using the Matlab/SimPowerSystemTM and tune the model para Read More

Europe’s low-carbon energy policy favors a greater use of fuel cells and technologies based on hydrogen used as a fuel. Hydrogen delivered at the hydrogen refueling station must be compliant with requirements stated in different standards. Currently the quality control process is performed by offline analysis of the hydrogen fuel. It is however beneficial to continuously monitor at least some of the contaminants onsite using chemical sensors. For hydrogen Read More

On today's show the EAH team will be joined by Brendan Norman to talk about deployment of sustainable FCEV technologies across many different segments of the transport sector and utility vehicles. Brendan is the CEO of H2X a new vehicle manufacturing company based in Sydney with a manufacturing facility in Port Kembla will deliver its first hydrogen FCEVs to market beginning in 2022 before expanding its vehicle offerings in subsequent years. Brendan j Read More

For this episode we speak to Amanda Lyne the Managing Director of ULEMCo and the Chair of the UK Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association (UKHFCA). Below are a few links to some of the content discussed on the show and some further background reading.The podcast can be found on their website

In the present study hydrogen utilization as diesel engine fuel at low load operation was investigated. Hydrogen cannot be used directly in a diesel engine due to its auto ignition temperature higher than that of diesel fuel. One alternative method is to use hydrogen in enrichment or induction. To investigate the combustion characteristics of this dual fuel engine a single cylinder diesel research engine was converted to utilize hydrogen as fuel. Hydrogen wa Read More

The development of hydrogen energy is an effective solution to the energy and environmental crisis. Hydrogen fuel cells and energy storage cells as hybrid power have broad application prospects in the field of vehicle power. Energy management strategies are key technologies for fuel cell hybrid systems. The traditional optimization strategy is generally based on optimization under the global operating conditions. The purpose of this project is to develop Read More

The world is facing a challenge in meeting its needs for energy. Global energy consumption in the last half-century has increased very rapidly and is expected to continue to grow over the next 50 years. However it is expected to see significant differences between the last 50 years and the next. This paper aims at introducing a good solution to replace or work with conventional marine power plants. This includes the use of fuel cell power plant operated with Read More

The energy transition for a net-zero future will require deep decarbonisation that hydrogen is uniquely positioned to facilitate. This technoeconomic study considers renewable hydrogen production transmission and storage for energy networks using the National Electricity Market (NEM) region of Eastern Australia as a case study. Plausible growth projections are developed to meet domestic demands for gas out to 2040 based on industry commitme Read More

More than 2000 h of solid-fuel CLC operation in a number of smaller pilot units clearly indicate that the concept works. A scale-up of the technology to 1000 MWth is investigated in terms of mass and heat balances flows solids inventories boiler dimensions and the major differences between a full-scale Circulating Fluidized-Bed (CFB) boiler and a Chemical-Looping Combustion CFB (CLC–CFB). Furthermore the additional cost of CLC–CFB relative to CFB technol Read More

Gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW) with subsequent utilization of syngas in gas engines/turbines and solid oxide fuel cells can substantially increase the power generation of waste-to-energy facilities and optimize the utilization of wastes as a sustainable energy resources. However purification of syngas to remove multiple impurities such as particulates tar HCl alkali chlorides and sulfur species is required. This study investigates the feasibility of high t Read More

Green hydrogen for mobility represents an alternative to conventional fuel to decarbonize the transportation sector. Nevertheless the thermodynamic properties make the transport and the storage of this energy carrier at standard conditions inefficient. Therefore this study deploys a georeferenced optimal transport infrastructure for four base case scenarios in France and Germany that differs by production distribution based on wind power potential Read More

Two non-electrified railway lines one in Norway and the other in the USA are analysed for their potential to be electrified with overhead line equipment batteries hydrogen or hydrogen-battery hybrid powertrains. The energy requirements are established with single-train simulations including the altitude profiles of the lines air and rolling resistances and locomotive tractive-effort curves. The composition of the freight trains in terms of the number o Read More

Blending hydrogen into the gas grid could be an important stepping stone during the transition to a sustainable net zero system. In particular it may: provide a significant and reliable source of demand for hydrogen producers supporting the investment case for hydrogen; provide learnings and incremental change towards what could potentially become a 100% hydrogen grid; and immediately decarbonise a portion of the gas flowing through the grid. Technic Read More

A 100 MW stand-alone wind power to methanol process has been evaluated to determine the capital requirement and power to methanol efficiency. Power available for electrolysis determines the amount of hydrogen produced. The stoichiometric amount of CO2– required for the methanol synthesis – is produced using direct air capture. Integration of utilities for CO2 air capture hydrogen production from co-harvested water and methanol synthesi Read More

This review critically evaluates the latest trends in fuel cell development for portable and stationary fuel cell applications and their integration into the automotive industry. Fast start-up high efficiency no toxic emissions into the atmosphere and good modularity are the key advantages of fuel cell applications. Despite the merits associated with fuel cells the high cost of the technology remains a key factor impeding its widespread commercialization. Ther Read More

In contrast to sustainable aviation fuels for use in conventional combustion engines hydrogen-electric powertrains constitute a fundamentally novel approach that requires extensive effort from various engineering disciplines. A transient system analysis has been applied to a 500 kW shaft-power-class powertrain. The model was fed with high-level system requirements to gain a fundamental understanding of the interaction between sub-systems and compo Read More

In this paper a new isolated hybrid system is simulated and analyzed to obtain the optimal sizing and meet the electricity demand with cost improvement for servicing a small remote area with a peak load of 420 kW. The major configuration of this hybrid system is Photovoltaic (PV) modules Biomass gasifier (BG) Electrolyzer units Hydrogen Tank units (HT) and Fuel Cell (FC) system. A recent optimization algorithm namely Mayfly Optimization Algorithm (MOA Read More