Applications & Pathways

Background: Synthetic fuels based on renewable hydrogen and CO2 are a currently highly discussed piece of the puzzle to defossilize the transport sector. In this regard CO2 can play a positive role in shaping a sustainable future. Large potentials are available as a product of biogas production however occurring in small scales and in thin spatial distributions. This work aims to evaluate suitable synthetic fuel products to be produced at farm sites.Methods: A th Read More

Micro-mobility plays an increasingly important role in the current energy transition thanks to its low energy consumption and reduced contribution to urban congestion. In this scenario fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles have several advantages over state-of-the-art battery electric vehicles such as increased driving ranges and reduced recharge times. In this paper we study the conversion of a commercial electric moped (Askoll eS3 ®) into a fuel cell hybrid el Read More

The global transition to a clean and sustainable energy infrastructure does not stop at aviation. The European Commission defined a set of environmental goals for the “Flight Path 2050”: 75% CO2 reduction 90% NOx reduction and 65% perceived noise reduction. Hydrogen as an energy carrier fulfills these needs while it would also offer a tenable and flexible solution for intermittent large-scale energy storage for renewable energy networks. If hydrog Read More

Non-electrified regional railway lines with typically employed diesel-electric multiple units require alternative propulsion systems to meet increasingly strict emissions regulations. With the aim to identify an optimal alternative to conventional diesel traction this paper presents a model-based assessment of hydrogen-powered propulsion systems with an internal combustion engine or fuel cells as the prime mover combined with different energy storag Read More

Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) should control the energy management between two energy sources for fuel economy using the stored energy in a battery or generation of energy through a fuel cell system. The fuel economy for an FCV includes trip costs for hydrogen consumption and the lifetime of two energy sources. This paper proposes an implementable energy management control strategy for an FCV to reduce trip costs. The concept of the propose Read More

Immediate and widespread changes in energy generation and use are critical to safeguard our future on this planet. However while the necessity of renewable electricity generation is clear the aviation transport and mobility chemical and material sectors are challenging to fully electrify. The age-old Fischer-Tropsch process and natural gas industry could be the bridging solution needed to accelerate the energy revolution in these sectors – temp Read More

The use of drop-in capable alternative fuels in aircraft can support the European aviation sector to achieve its goals for sustainable development. They can be a transitional solution in the short and medium term as their use does not require any structural changes to the aircraft powertrain. However the production of alternative fuels is often energy-intensive and some feedstocks are associated with harmful effects on the environment. In addition Read More

Hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) are critical for the popularity of hydrogen vehicles (fuel cell electric vehicles—FCEVs). However due to high installation investment and operating costs the proliferation of HRSs is difficult. This paper studies HRSs with on-site electrolytic production and hydrogen storage devices and proposes an optimization method to minimize the total costs including both installation investment and operating costs (OPT-ISL method). Mor Read More

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is known as one of the most promising energy sources for electric vehicles. A hydrogen system is required to provide hydrogen to the stack in time to meet the flow and pressure requirements according to the power requirements. In this study a 1-D model of a hydrogen system including the fuel cell stack was established. Two modes one with and one without a proportion integration differentiation (PID) c Read More

In this paper the broader perspective of green hydrogen (H2) supply and refueling systems for aircraft is provided as an enabling technology brick for more climate friendly H2-powered aviation. For this two H2 demand scenarios at exemplary airports are determined for 2050. Then general requirements for liquid hydrogen (LH2) refueling setups in an airport environment are derived and techno-economic models for LH2 storage liquefaction and transportati Read More