Hydrogen Compression and Long-distance Transportation: Emerging Technologies and Applications in the Oil and Gas Industry - A Technical Review

As Europe transitions away from natural gas dependency and accelerates its adoption of renewable energy, 12 green hydrogen has emerged as a key energy carrier for industrial and automotive applications. Similarly, plans 13 to export hydrogen and ammonia from resource-rich regions like Australia and the Middle East to major importers 14 such as Japan and South Korea underline the global commitment to decarbonization. Central to these efforts is 15 the advancement of efficient hydrogen compression technologies, which are essential for establishing a 16 sustainable hydrogen supply chain. This study provides a comparative analysis of two key hydrogen compression 17 technologies categorized under positive displacement and non-mechanical systems. The evaluation emphasizes 18 the technical characteristics, energy efficiency, and potential applications of these systems in the emerging 19 hydrogen economy. Special focus is placed on electric motor-driven compressors, which integrate advanced 20 materials and optimized designs to enhance efficiency and minimize energy consumption. By addressing the gap 21 in comparative evaluations, this paper offers insights into the performance and sustainability of these technologies, 22 contributing to the development of cost-effective and reliable hydrogen supply systems.