Advancements in Green Hydrogen Recovery from Industrial Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review

Green hydrogen (GH2), a sustainable and clean energy carrier, is increasingly regarded as a solution to energy challenges and environmental issues. Industrial wastewater possesses a significant potential for hydrogen generation using biological, chemical, and electrochemical methods. This review analysis evaluates progress in GH2 production from industrial wastewater, highlighting its environmental and cost benefits. Process optimization, technological improvements, and enhancements in catalysts for chemical and electrochemical hydrogen generation are also provided. It also considers the integration of GH2 production methods with wastewater treatment procedures to achieve synergistic benefits, including enhanced pollutant removal and energy recovery. Challenges associated with GH2 production include substrate variability, economic viability, reactor scalability, and environmental sustainability are also discussed. Also, this review provides a future outlook to promote sustainable energy solutions and tackle global environmental issues related to GH2 from industrial wastewater.