Poland

This is article presents the results of the testing of the addition of a hydrogen-to-nitrogen-rich natural gas of the Lw group and its influence on the operation of selected gas-fired domestic appliances. The tests were performed on appliances used for the preparation of meals and hot water production for hygienic and heating purposes. The characteristics of the tested gas appliances are also presented. The burners and their controllers with which the tested Read More

An efficient production of hydrogen from a mixture of methanol and water is possible in a spark discharge. In this discharge there is a synergistic effect of high-energy electrons and high temperature interactions which enables an efficient course of endothermic processes such as the production of hydrogen from methanol. The water to methanol molar ratio of 1:1 was kept constant during the study. While the discharge power and feed flow rate were Read More

Underground hydrogen storage in geological structures is considered appropriate for storing large amounts of hydrogen. Using the geological Konary structure in the deep saline aquifers an analysis of the influence of depth on hydrogen storage was carried out. Hydrogen injection and withdrawal modeling was performed using TOUGH2 software assuming different structure depths. Changes in the relevant parameters for the operation of an undergr Read More

The article discusses issues related to the operation of fuel cells stack fed with hydrogen at low temperature. The test object was a Toyota Mirai passenger car equipped with this type of powertrain. Tests were carried out in a thermoclimatic chamber at the Cracow University of Technology. They had an initial character and their aim was to evaluate the work of individual subassemblies of the propulsion system including the hydrogen supply system in ter Read More

This work is aimed at solving the problem of converting diesel power drives to diesel– hydrogen fuels which are more environmentally friendly and less expensive alternatives to diesel fuel. The method of increasing the energy efficiency of diesel fuels has been improved. The thermochemical essence of using methanol as an alternative fuel to increase energy efficiency based on the provisions of thermotechnics is considered. Alternative methanol fuel h Read More

In Poland lignocellulose wastes constitute about 43% of municipal waste (∼4 417 Gg). Anaerobic and/or dark fermentation are sustainable methods of lignocellulosic waste-management and contribute greatly to ever increasing demand for energy and products. This paper presents the results of the theoretical potential of methane and hydrogen yields from lignocellulosic wastes. Also state-of-the-art methods in the field of lignocellulose ferme Read More

The presented research focuses on an optimization design of a catalyst distribution inside a small-scale methane/steam reforming reactor. A genetic algorithm was used for the multiobjective optimization which included the search for an optimum of methane conversion rate and a minimum of the difference between highest and lowest temperatures in the reactor. For the sake of computational time the maximal number of the segment with Read More

This paper provides a comprehensive review and critical analysis of the latest research results in addition to an overview of the future challenges and opportunities regarding the use of hydrogen to power internal combustion engines (ICEs). The experiences and opinions of various international research centers on the technical possibilities of using hydrogen as a fuel in ICE are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of hydroge Read More

In this work the aging effects on modelling and operation of a photovoltaic system with hydrogen storage in terms of energy production decrease and demand for additional hydrogen during 10 years of the system operation was analysed for the entire energy system for the first time. The analyses were performed with the support of experimental data for the renewable energy system composed of photovoltaic modules fuel cell electrolysers hydr Read More

A vision of hydrogen based economy and clean sustainable fossil fuels-free world inspires the scientific community to put much effort into the development of visible-light-driven photochemistry and efficient solar energy harvesting. The unique features of plasmonic nanomaterials such as capability of significant electric field amplification an extreme local heating generation of high energy charge carriers and broad tunability of optical properties coupled to Read More

Efficient hydrogen emission from ethanol with disperse graphene foam particles by using a continuous wave infrared laser diode is reported. The products of ethanol dissociation - hydrogen methane and carbon oxide were measured using mass spectrometry. It was found that the most efficient generation of hydrogen was observed when graphene particles were irradiated by a focused laser beam proceeded at the surface of ethanol solution. The proc Read More

The search for fossil fuels substitutes forces the use of new propulsion technologies applied to means of transportation. Already widespread hybrid vehicles are beginning to share the market with hydrogen-powered propulsion systems. These systems are fuel cells or internal combustion engines powered by hydrogen fuel. In this context road tests of a hydrogen fuel cell drive were conducted under typical traffic conditions according to the requirement Read More

Experiments were performed to investigate the diffusion ignition process that occurs when hot inert gas (argon or nitrogen) is injected into the stoichiometric hydrogen-oxygen mixture at the test section. Detonation wave initiated by spark plug in the driver section in stoichiometric acetylene-oxygen mixture At P=0.5 MPa and room temperature propagates as incident shockwave in the driven section through inert gas after bursting the diaphragm separati Read More

The work is dedicated to the possibility of using hydrogen-powered vehicles in urban transport systems. Due to the need to look for alternative solutions for vehicles with conventional drive in cities hydrogen-powered cars are one of the practical possibilities of realizing the sustainable transport assumptions and independence from oil imports - which is one of the main priorities of the European Union. This paper presents a literature analysis the analysis of Read More

This article presents a power to SNG (synthetic natural gas) system that converts hydrogen into SNG via a methanation process. In our analysis detailed models for all the elements of the system are built. We assume a direct connection between a wind farm and a hydrogen generator. For the purposes of our calculations we also assume that the hydrogen generator is powered by the renewable source over a nine-hour period per day (between 21:00 an Read More

An experimental investigation was performed to determine critical semi-open channel height (h*) and two-sided open channel width (w*) in which hydrogen-air detonation may propagate. Three types of gaseous mixture composition were used: 25% 29.6% and 40% of hydrogen in air. Experimental setup was based on rectangular (0.11 × 0.11 × 2 m) test channel equipped with acceleration section (0.11 × 0.11 × 1 m). Different channel heights h in rang Read More

With regard to the goals of the European HySafe Network research facilities are essential for the experimental investigation of relevant phenomena for testing devices and safety concepts as well as for the generation of validation data for the various numerical codes and models. The integrating activity ‘Integration of Experimental Facilities (IEF)’ has provided basic support for jointly performed experimental work within HySafe. Even beyond the fu Read More

The global policy solution seeks to reduce the usage of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and biogas (BG) represents a solutions to these problems. The use of biogas could help cope with increased amounts of waste and reduce usage of fossil fuels. Biogas could be used in compressed natural gas (CNG) engines but the engine electronic control unit (ECU) needs to be modified. In this research a spark ignition (SI) engine was tested for mi Read More

Power-to-gas technology plays a key role in the success of the energy transformation. This paper addresses issues related to the legal and technical regulations specifying the rules for adding hydrogen to the natural gas network. The main issue reviewed is the effects of the addition of hydrogen to natural gas on the durability of diaphragm gas meters. The possibility of adding hydrogen to the gas network requires confirmation of whether within the Read More

In the research the corrosion and mechanical properties as well as susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of two casing pipe steels were investigated in order to assess their serviceability in corrosive and hydrogenating environments under operation in oil and gas wells. Two carbon steels with different microstructures were tested: the medium carbon steel (MCS) with bainitic microstructure and the medium-high carbon steel (MHCS) with ferrite–p Read More

The paper presents the results of the CFD inter-comparison exercise SBEP-V3 performed within the activity InsHyde internal project of the HYSAFE network of excellence in the framework of evaluating the capability of various CFD tools and modelling approaches in predicting the physical phenomena associated to the short and long term mixing and distribution of hydrogen releases in confined spaces. The experiment simulated was INERIS-TEST-6C performe Read More

Hydrogen is increasingly receiving a primary role as an energy vector in ensuring the achievement of the European decarbonization goals by 2050. In fact Hydrogen could be produced also by electrolysis of water using renewable sources such as photovoltaic and wind power being able to perform the energy storage function as well as through injection into natural gas infrastructures. However hydrogen injection directly impacts thermodynamic properti Read More

This paper summarizes a series of the authors’ research in the field of assessing the operational degradation of oil and gas transit pipeline steels. Both mechanical and electrochemical properties of steels are deteriorated after operation as is their resistance to environmentally-assisted cracking. The characteristics of resistance to brittle fracture and stress corrosion cracking decrease most intensively which is associated with a development of i Read More

In search a hydrogen source we synthesized TiO2-Cu-graphene composite photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution. The catalyst is a new and unique material as it consists of copper-decorated TiO2 particles covered tightly in graphene and obtained in a fluidized bed reactor. Both reduction of copper from Cu(CH3COO) at the surface of TiO2 particles and covering of TiO2-Cu in graphene thin layer by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) were performed subsequentl Read More

Steam methane (CH4–H2O) reforming in the presence of a catalyst usually nickel is the most common technology for generating synthesis gas as a feedstock in chemical synthesis and a source of pure H2 and CO. What is essential from the perspective of further gas use is the parameter describing a ratio of equilibrium concentration of hydrogen to carbon monoxide (/ = 2/). The parameter is determined by operating temperature and the initial ratio of Read More