Norway

This paper revisits the theoretical concepts of lock-in mechanisms to analyse transition processes in energy production and road transportation in the Nordic countries focussing on three technology platforms: advanced biofuels e-mobility and hydrogen and fuel cell electrical vehicles. The paper is based on a comparative analysis of case studies.The main lock-in mechanisms analysed are learning effects economies of scale economies of scope network Read More

Ongoing and emerging renewable energy technologies mainly produce electric energy and intermittent power. As the energy economy relies on banking energy there is a rising need for chemically stored energy. We propose heat driven reverse electrodialysis (RED) technology with ammonium bicarbonate (AmB) as salt for producing hydrogen. The study provides the authors’ perspective on the commercial feasibility of AmB RED for low grade waste Read More

Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) has acquired substantial consideration as a cost-effective hydrogen production technology. The anion ionomer content in the catalyst layers during hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (HER and OER) is of ultimate significance. Herein an in-situ half-cell analysis with reference electrodes was carried out for simultaneous potential measurements and identification of the influence of the anion excha Read More

This study analyses public expectations attitudes and preferences to support and purchase eco-friendly fuel vehicles. The study used a telephone survey of a sample of residents in Greater Stavanger Norway. Two cluster analyses were conducted to group the individuals based on expectations and attitudes toward eco-friendly fuel vehicles. In addition two multivariate analyses were performed to explore the determinants of support and willingness to purchas Read More

Hydrogen embrittlement has been intensively studied in the past. However its governing mechanism is still under debate. Particularly the details of the formation of specific cleavage-like or quasi-cleavage fracture surfaces related to hydrogen embrittled steels are unclear yet. Recently it has been found that the fracture surface of the hydrogen charged and tensile tested low-carbon steel exhibits quasi-cleavage facets having specific smoothly curved s Read More

Palladium (Pd) membranes are a promising enabling technology for power generation and hydrogen production with CO2 capture. SINTEF has developed and patented a flexible technology to produce Pd-alloy membranes that significantly improves flux and thereby reduces material costs. Reinertsen AS and SINTEF aim to demonstrate the Pd membrane technology for H2 separation on a side stream of the Statoil Methanol Plant at Tjeldbergodden Norway. In t Read More

Hydrogen is one of the main candidates in replacing fossil fuels in the forthcoming years. However hydrogen technologies must deal with safety aspects due to the specific substance properties. This study aims to provide an overview on the loss of integrity (LOI) of hydrogen equipment which may lead to serious consequences such as fires and explosions. Substantial information regarding the hydrogen lifecycle its properties and safety related aspects has Read More

Globally the accelerating use of renewable energy sources enabled by increased efficiencies and reduced costs and driven by the need to mitigate the effects of climate change has significantly increased research in the areas of renewable energy production storage distribution and end-use. Central to this discussion is the use of hydrogen as a clean efficient energy vector for energy storage. This review by experts of Task 32 “Hydrogen-based Energy Read More

This paper is a critical review of selected real-world energy storage systems based on hydrogen ranging from lab-scale systems to full-scale systems in continuous operation. 15 projects are presented with a critical overview of their concept and performance. A review of research related to power electronics control systems and energy management strategies has been added to integrate the findings with outlooks usually described in separate literatur Read More

The hydrogen economy is currently experiencing a surge in attention partly due to the possibility of absorbing variable renewable energy (VRE) production peaks through electrolysis. A fundamental challenge with this approach is low utilization rates of various parts of the integrated electricity-hydrogen system. To assess the importance of capacity utilization this paper introduces a novel stylized numerical energy system model incorporating the major ele Read More