Italy
Comprehensive Review on Fuel Cell Technology for Stationary Applications as Sustainable and Efficient Poly-Generation Energy Systems
Aug 2021
Publication
Fuel cell technologies have several applications in stationary power production such as units for primary power generation grid stabilization systems adopted to generate backup power and combined-heat-and-power configurations (CHP). The main sectors where stationary fuel cells have been employed are (a) micro-CHP (b) large stationary applications (c) UPS and IPS. The fuel cell size for stationary applications is strongly related to the power needed fr Read More
Numerical Analysis of VPSA Technology Retrofitted to Steam Reforming Hydrogen Plants to Capture CO2 and Produce Blue H2
Feb 2022
Publication
The increasing demand for energy and commodities has led to escalating greenhouse gas emissions the chief of which is represented by carbon dioxide (CO2). Blue hydrogen (H2) a lowcarbon hydrogen produced from natural gas with carbon capture technologies applied has been suggested as a possible alternative to fossil fuels in processes with hard-to-abate emission sources including refining chemical petrochemical and transport sectors. Due t Read More
Magnesium Based Materials for Hydrogen Based Energy Storage: Past, Present and Future
Jan 2019
Publication
Volodymyr A. Yartys,
Mykhaylo V. Lototskyy,
Etsuo Akiba,
Rene Albert,
V. E. Antonov,
Jose-Ramón Ares,
Marcello Baricco,
Natacha Bourgeois,
Craig Buckley,
José Bellosta von Colbe,
Jean-Claude Crivello,
Fermin Cuevas,
Roman V. Denys,
Martin Dornheim,
Michael Felderhoff,
David M. Grant,
Bjørn Christian Hauback,
Terry D. Humphries,
Isaac Jacob,
Petra E. de Jongh,
Jean-Marc Joubert,
Mikhail A. Kuzovnikov,
Michel Latroche,
Mark Paskevicius,
Luca Pasquini,
L. Popilevsky,
Vladimir M. Skripnyuk,
Eugene I. Rabkin,
M. Veronica Sofianos,
Alastair D. Stuart,
Gavin Walker,
Hui Wang,
Colin Webb,
Min Zhu and
Torben R. Jensen
Magnesium hydride owns the largest share of publications on solid materials for hydrogen storage. The “Magnesium group” of international experts contributing to IEA Task 32 “Hydrogen Based Energy Storage” recently published two review papers presenting the activities of the group focused on magnesium hydride based materials and on Mg based compounds for hydrogen and energy storage. This review article not only overviews the lat Read More
Life Cycle Assessment of Substitute Natural Gas Production from Biomass and Electrolytic Hydrogen
Feb 2021
Publication
The synthesis of a Substitute Natural Gas (SNG) that is compatible with the gas grid composition requirements by using surplus electricity from renewable energy sources looks a favourable solution to store large quantities of electricity and to decarbonise the gas grid network while maintaining the same infrastructure. The most promising layouts for SNG production and the conditions under which SNG synthesis reduces the environmental impacts i Read More
Safety Distances- Definition and Values
Sep 2005
Publication
In order to facilitate the introduction of a new technology as it is the utilization of hydrogen as an energy carrier development of safety codes and standards besides the conduction of demonstrative projects becomes a very important action to be realized. Useful tools of work could be the existing gaseous fuel codes (natural gas and propane) regulating the stationary and automotive applications. Some safety codes have been updated to include hydroge Read More
Innovative Passive Protection Systems For Hydrogen Production Plants
Sep 2005
Publication
As a part of a broader project on hydrogen production by reforming of methane in a membrane catalytic reactor this paper outlines the research activity performed at the University of Pisa Department of Chemical Engineering aimed at developing and testing composite panels that can operate as thermal protective shields against hydrogen jet fires. The shield design criterion that appears to give a more practical and convenient solution for the type Read More
Potential Models For Stand-Alone And Multi-Fuel Gaseous Hydrogen Refuelling Stations- Assessment Of Associated Risk
Sep 2005
Publication
Air pollution and traffic congestion are two of the major issues affecting public authorities policy makers and citizens not only in Italy and European Union but worldwide; this is nowadays witnessed by always more frequent limitations to the traffic in most of Italian cities for instance. Hydrogen use in automotive appears to offer a viable solution in medium-long term; this new perspective involves the need to carry out adequate infrastructures for distributio Read More
Determination Of Hazardous Zones For A Generic Hydrogen Station – A Case Study
Sep 2007
Publication
A method for determination of hazardous zones for hydrogen installations has been studied. This work has been carried out within the NoE HySafe. The method is based on the Italian Method outlined in Guide 31-30(2004) Guide 31–35(2001) Guide 31-35/A(2001) and Guide 31-35/A; V1(2003). Hazardous zones for a “generic hydrogen refuelling station”(HRS) are assessed based on this method. The method is consistent with the EU directive 1999/92/EC “S Read More
Impact of Hydrogen Injection on Natural Gas Measurement
Dec 2021
Publication
Hydrogen is increasingly receiving a primary role as an energy vector in ensuring the achievement of the European decarbonization goals by 2050. In fact Hydrogen could be produced also by electrolysis of water using renewable sources such as photovoltaic and wind power being able to perform the energy storage function as well as through injection into natural gas infrastructures. However hydrogen injection directly impacts thermodynamic properti Read More
Hydrogen Transport Safety: Case of Compressed Gaseous Tube Trailer
Sep 2005
Publication
The following paper describes researches to evaluate the behaviour under various accidental conditions of systems of transport compressed hydrogen. Particularly have been considered gaseous tube trailer and the packages cylinders employed for the road transport which have an internal gas pressures up to 200 barg.Further to a verification of the actual safety conditions this analysis intends to propose a theme that in the next future if confirmed pr Read More
Guidelines for Fire Corps Standard Operating Procedures in the Event of Hydrogen Releases
Sep 2007
Publication
This paper presents a study on the Standard Operating Procedures (P.O.S.s) for the operation of the Fire Corps squads in the event of accidents with a hydrogen release fire or explosion. This study has been carried out by the Italian Working Group on the fire prevention safety issues as one of its main objectives. The Standard Operating Procedures proved to be a basic tool in order to improve the effectiveness of the Fire Corps rescue activity. Th Read More
Quantification of the Uncertainty of the Peak Pressure Value in the Vented Deflagrations of Air-Hydrogen Mixtures
Sep 2007
Publication
In the problem of the protection by the consequences of an explosion is actual for many industrial application involving storage of gas like methane or hydrogen refuelling stations and so on. A simple and economic way to reduce the peak pressure associated to a deflagration is to supply to the confined environment an opportune surface substantially less resistant then the protected structure typically in stoichiometric conditions the peak pressure Read More
Natural and Forced Ventilation Study In An Enclosure Hosting a Fuel Cell
Sep 2009
Publication
The purpose of the experimental work is to determine the conditions for which an enclosure can guest a fuel cell for civil use. Concerning the installation permitting guide this study allows the safe use of the fuel cell in case of small not catastrophic leakages. In fact the correct plan of the vents in the enclosure guarantees the low concentration of hydrogen (H2) below the LFL.
Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Gaseous Hydrogen Refuelling Stations
Sep 2005
Publication
In the last years different Italian hydrogen projects provided for gaseous hydrogen motor vehicles refuelling stations. Motivated by the lack of suitable set of rules in the year 2002 Italian National Firecorps (Institute under the Italian Ministry of the Interior) formed an Ad Hoc Working Group asked to regulate the above-said stations as regards fire prevention and protection safety. This Working Group consists of members coming from both Firecorps and ac Read More
Mixing of Dense or Light Gases with Turbulent Air- a Fast-Running Model for Lumped Parameter Codes
Sep 2005
Publication
The release of gases heavier than air like propane at ground level or lighter than air like hydrogen close to a ceiling can both lead to fire and explosion hazards that must be carefully considered in safety analyses. Even if the simulation of accident scenarios in complex installations and long transients often appears feasible only using lumped parameter computer codes the phenomenon of denser or lighter gas dispersion is not implicitly accounted by Read More
Consequence Assessment of the BBC Hydrogen Refuelling Station, Using The Adrea-Hf Code
Sep 2009
Publication
Within the framework of the internal project HyQRA of the HYSAFE Network of Excellence (NoE) funded by the European Commission (EC) the participating partners were requested to apply their Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) methodologies on a predefined hypothetical gaseous H2 refuelling station named BBC (Benchmark Base Case). The overall aim of the HyQRA project was to perform an inter-comparison of the various QRA approaches and to ide Read More
Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Gaseous Hydrogen Transport in Pipelines
Sep 2007
Publication
This paper presents the current results of the theoretical and experimental activity carried out by the Italian Working Group on the fire prevention safety issues in the field of the hydrogen transport in pipelines. From the theoretical point of view a draft document has been produced beginning from the regulations in force on the natural gas pipelines; these have been reviewed corrected and integrated with the instructions suitable to the use with Read More
Green Synthetic Fuels: Renewable Routes for the Conversion of Non-Fossil Feedstocks into Gaseous Fuels and Their End Uses
Jan 2020
Publication
Innovative renewable routes are potentially able to sustain the transition to a decarbonized energy economy. Green synthetic fuels including hydrogen and natural gas are considered viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Indeed they play a fundamental role in those sectors that are difficult to electrify (e.g. road mobility or high-heat industrial processes) are capable of mitigating problems related to flexibility and instantaneous balance of the electric grid ar Read More
A Review of the MSCA ITN ECOSTORE—Novel Complex Metal Hydrides for Efficient and Compact Storage of Renewable Energy as Hydrogen and Electricity
Mar 2020
Publication
Hydrogen as an energy carrier is very versatile in energy storage applications. Developments in novel sustainable technologies towards a CO2-free society are needed and the exploration of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) as well as solid-state hydrogen storage applications based on metal hydrides can provide solutions for such technologies. However there are still many technical challenges for both hydrogen storage material and ASSBs related to design Read More
Modelling and Analyzing the Impact of Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas on Domestic Gas Boilers in a Decarbonization Perspective
Aug 2020
Publication
Decarbonization of energy economy is nowadays a topical theme and several pathways are under discussion. Gaseous fuels have a fundamental role for this transition and the production of low carbon-impact fuels is necessary to deal with this challenge. The generation of renewable hydrogen is a trusted solution since this energy vector can be promptly produced from electricity and injected into the existing natural gas infrastructure granting storage capac Read More
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