Italy
Hydrogen as a Clean and Sustainable Energy Vector for Global Transition from Fossil-Based to Zero-Carbon
Dec 2021
Publication
Hydrogen is recognized as a promising and attractive energy carrier to decarbonize the sectors responsible for global warming such as electricity production industry and transportation. However although hydrogen releases only water as a result of its reaction with oxygen through a fuel cell the hydrogen production pathway is currently a challenging issue since hydrogen is produced mainly from thermochemical processes (natural gas reforming co Read More
Experimental Study of Vented Hydrogen Deflagration with Ignition Inside and Outside the Vented Volume
Sep 2013
Publication
Experiments were carried out inside a 25 m3 vented combustion test facility (CVE) with a fixed vent area sealed by a plastic sheet vent. Inside the CVE a 0.64 m3 open vent box called RED-CVE was placed. The vent of the RED-CVE was left open and three different vent area were tested. Two different mixing fans one for each compartment were used to establish homogeneous H2 concentrations. This study examined H2 concentrations in the range between Read More
Feasibility Investigation of Hydrogen Refuelling Infrastructure for Heavy‐Duty Vehicles in Canada
Apr 2022
Publication
A potentially viable solution to the problem of greenhouse gas emissions by vehicles in the transportation sector is the deployment of hydrogen as alternative fuel. A limitation to the diffusion of the hydrogen‐fuelled vehicles option is the intricate refuelling stations that vehicles will require. This study examines the practical use of hydrogen fuel within the internal combustion engine (ICE)‐powered long‐haul heavy‐duty trucking vehicles. Specifically it appraises Read More
Statistics, Lessons Learned and Recommendations from Analysis of HIAD 2.0 Database
Mar 2022
Publication
The manuscript firstly describes the data collection and validation process for the European Hydrogen Incidents and Accidents Database (HIAD 2.0) a public repository tool collecting systematic data on hydrogen-related incidents and near-misses. This is followed by an overview of HIAD 2.0 which currently contains 706 events. Subsequently the approaches and procedures followed by the authors to derive lessons learned and formulate recommendations fro Read More
Design and Costs Analysis of Hydrogen Refuelling Stations Based on Different Hydrogen Sources and Plant Configurations
Jan 2022
Publication
In this study the authors present a techno-economic assessment of on-site hydrogen refuelling stations (450 kg/day of H2 ) based on different hydrogen sources and production technologies. Green ammonia biogas and water have been considered as hydrogen sources while cracking autothermal reforming and electrolysis have been selected as the hydrogen production technologies. The electric energy requirements of the hydrogen refuelling station Read More
Life Cycle Environmental Analysis of a Hydrogen-based Energy Storage System for Remote Applications
Mar 2022
Publication
Energy storage systems are required to address the fluctuating behaviour of variable renewable energy sources. The environmental sustainability of energy storage technologies should be carefully assessed together with their techno-economic feasibility. In this work an environmental analysis of a renewable hydrogen-based energy storage system has been performed making use of input parameters made available in the framework of the European R Read More
Hydrogen Release and Atmospheric Dispersion- Experimental Studies and Comparison With Parametric Simulations
Sep 2009
Publication
In our society the use of hydrogen is continually growing and there will be a widespread installation of plants with high capacity storages in our towns as automotive refuelling stations. For this reason it is necessary to make accurate studies on the safety of these kinds of plants to protect our town inhabitants Moreover hydrogen is a highly flammable chemical that can be particularly dangerous in case of release since its mixing with air in the presence o Read More
Helios- A New Method for Hydrogen Permeation Test
Sep 2013
Publication
Hydrogen induced cracking is still a severe and current threat for several industrial applications. With the aim of providing a simple and versatile device for hydrogen detection a new instrument was designed based on solid state sensor technology. New detection technique allows to execute hydrogen permeation measurement in short time and without material surface preparation. Thanks to this innovation HELIOS offers a concrete alternative to traditional Read More
Blind-prediction: Estimating the Consequences of Vented Hydrogen Deflagrations for Homogeneous Mixtures in a 20-foot ISO Container
Sep 2017
Publication
Trygve Skjold,
Helene Hisken,
Sunil Lakshmipathy,
Gordon Atanga,
Marco Carcassi,
Martino Schiavetti,
James R. Stewart,
A. Newton,
James R. Hoyes,
Ilias C. Tolias,
Alexandros G. Venetsanos,
Olav Roald Hansen,
J. Geng,
Asmund Huser,
Sjur Helland,
Romain Jambut,
Ke Ren,
Alexei Kotchourko,
Thomas Jordan,
Jérome Daubech,
Guillaume Lecocq,
Arve Grønsund Hanssen,
Chenthil Kumar,
Laurent Krumenacker,
Simon Jallais,
D. Miller and
Carl Regis Bauwens
This paper summarises the results from a blind-prediction study for models developed for estimating the consequences of vented hydrogen deflagrations. The work is part of the project Improving hydrogen safety for energy applications through pre-normative research on vented deflagrations (HySEA). The scenarios selected for the blind-prediction entailed vented explosions with homogeneous hydrogen-air mixtures in a 20-foot ISO container. The tes Read More
Homogeneous Hydrogen Deflagrations in Small Scale Enclosure. Experimental Results
Sep 2017
Publication
University of Pisa performed experimental tests in a 1m3 facility which shape and dimensions resemble a gas cabinet for the HySEA project founded by the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking with the aim to conduct pre-normative research on vented deflagrations in real-life enclosures and containers used for hydrogen energy applications in order to generate experimental data of high quality. The test facility named Small Scale Enclosure (SSE) Read More
Techno-economic Analysis of In-situ Production by Electrolysis, Biomass Gasification and Delivery Systems for Hydrogen Refuelling Stations: Rome Case Study
Oct 2018
Publication
Starting from the Rome Hydrogen Refuelling Station demand of 65 kg/day techno-economics of production systems and balance of plant for small scale stations have been analysed. A sensitivity analysis has been done on Levelised Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) in the range of 0 to 400 kg/day varying capacity factor and availability hours or travel distance for alkaline electrolysers biomass gasification and hydrogen delivery. As expected minimum LCOH f Read More
Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Hydrogen Deflagrations in 25 m3 Enclosure
Sep 2019
Publication
Explosion venting is a frequently used measure to mitigate the consequence of gas deflagrations in closed environments. Despite the effort to predict the vent area needed to achieved the protection through engineering formulas and CFD tools work has still to be done to reliably predict the outcome of a vented gas explosion. Most of available data derived from experimental campaigns performed in the past involved homogeneous conditions while especi Read More
Modelling and Optimization of a Flexible Hydrogen-fueled Pressurized PEMFC Power Plant for Grid Balancing Purposes
Feb 2021
Publication
In a scenario characterized by an increasing penetration of non-dispatchable renewable energy sources and the need of fast-ramping grid-balancing power plants the EU project GRASSHOPPER aims to setup and demonstrate a highly flexible PEMFC Power Plant hydrogen fueled and scalable to MW-size designed to provide grid support.In this work different layouts proposed for the innovative MW-scale plant are simulated to optimize design and off-design oper Read More
Achievements of European Projects on Membrane Reactor for Hydrogen Production
May 2017
Publication
Membrane reactors for hydrogen production can increase both the hydrogen production efficiency at small scale and the electric efficiency in micro-cogeneration systems when coupled with Polymeric Electrolyte Membrane fuel cells. This paper discusses the achievements of three European projects (FERRET FluidCELL BIONICO) which investigate the application of the membrane reactor concept to hydrogen production and micro-cogeneration Read More
Thermal Efficiency of On-site, Small-scale Hydrogen Production Technologies using Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels in Comparison to Electrolysis a Case Study in Norway
Oct 2018
Publication
The main goal of this study was to assess the energy efficiency of a small-scale on-site hydrogen production and dispensing plant for transport applications. The selected location was the city of Narvik in northern Norway where the hydrogen demand is expected to be 100 kg/day. The investigated technologies for on-site hydrogen generation starting from common liquid fossil fuels such as heavy naphtha and diesel were based on steam reforming and partia Read More
How Far Away is Hydrogen? Its Role in the Medium and Long-term Decarbonisation of the European Energy System
Nov 2015
Publication
Hydrogen is a promising avenue for decarbonising energy systems and providing flexibility. In this paper the JRC-EU-TIMES model – a bottom-up technology-rich model of the EU28 energy system – is used to assess the role of hydrogen in a future decarbonised Europe under two climate scenarios current policy initiative (CPI) and long-term decarbonisation (CAP). Our results indicate that hydrogen could become a viable option already in 2030 – however a Read More
Integration of Gas Switching Combustion and Membrane Reactors for Exceeding 50% Efficiency in Flexible IGCC Plants with Near-zero CO2 Emissions
Jul 2020
Publication
Thermal power plants face substantial challenges to remain competitive in energy systems with high shares of variable renewables especially inflexible integrated gasification combined cycles (IGCC). This study addresses this challenge through the integration of Gas Switching Combustion (GSC) and Membrane Assisted Water Gas Shift (MAWGS) reactors in an IGCC plant for flexible electricity and/or H2 production with inherent CO2 capture. Wh Read More
Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Micro Alloyed Steels by Means of J-Integral Curve
Jun 2019
Publication
The aim of this work is the evaluation of the hydrogen effect on the J-integral parameter. It is well-known that the micro alloyed steels are affected by Hydrogen Embrittlement phenomena only when they are subjected at the same time to plastic deformation and hydrogen evolution at their surface. Previous works have pointed out the absence of Hydrogen Embrittlement effects on pipeline steels cathodically protected under static load conditions. On t Read More
Hydrogen and Renewable Energy Sources Integrated System for Greenhouse Heating
Sep 2013
Publication
A research is under development at the Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences of the University of Bari “Aldo Moro” in order to investigate the suitable solutions of a power system based on solar energy (photovoltaic) and hydrogen integrated with a geothermal heat pump for powering a self sustained heated greenhouse. The electrical energy for heat pump operation is provided by a purpose-built array of solar photovoltaic modules which suppli Read More
Low-carbon Hydrogen Via Integration of Steam Methane Reforming with Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells at Low Fuel Utilization
Feb 2021
Publication
Hydrogen production is critical to many modern chemical processes – ammonia synthesis petroleum refining direct reduction of iron and more. Conventional approaches to hydrogen manufacture include steam methane reforming and autothermal reforming which today account for the lion's share of hydrogen generation. Without CO2 capture these processes emit about 8.7 kg of CO2 for each kg of H2 produced. In this study a molten carbonate fuel cell Read More
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