United Kingdom

Following a desktop study undertaken in 2021 to identify hazard scenarios associated with the use of liquid and compressed hydrogen on commercial shipping Shell has started a programme of large-scale experiments on the consequences of a release of liquid hydrogen. This work will compliment on-going research Shell has sponsored within several joint industry projects but will also address immediate concerns that the maritime industry has for the Read More

This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the hydrogen landscape outlining the imperative for enhanced hydrogen production implementation and utilisation. It places the question of how to accelerate hydrogen adoption within the broader context of sustainable energy transitions and international commitments to reduce carbon emissions. It discusses influencing factors and policies for best practices in hydrogen energy application. Through Read More

Accelerated decarbonisation of steelmaking oil refining and petrochemical industries is essential for climate change mitigation. Drawing on three longitudinal case studies of these industries in the UK this synthesis article makes a comparative analysis of their varying low-carbon reorientation speeds. The paper uses the triple embeddedness framework to analyse five factors (policy support international competition financial health technical feasibility corporate Read More

This study focuses on development of a CFD model able to simulate the experimentally observed critical nozzle diameter for hydrogen non-premixed flames. The critical diameter represents the minimum nozzle size through which a free jet flame will remain stable at all driving pressures. Hydrogen non-premixed flames will not blow-out at diameters equal to or greater than the critical diameter. Accurate simulation of this parameter is important for assess Read More

This paper investigated the opportunities and challenges of integrating ports into hydrogen (H2 ) supply chains in the context of Australia and Japan because they are leading countries in the field and are potential leaders in the upcoming large-scale H2 trade. Qualitative interviews were conducted in the two countries to identify opportunities for H2 ports necessary infrastructure and facilities key factors for operations and challenges associated with the Read More

Low-cost green hydrogen production will be key in reaching net zero carbon emissions by 2050. Green hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis using renewable energy including wind energy. However the configuration of offshore wind-to-hydrogen systems is not yet standardised. For example electrolysis can take place onshore or offshore. This work presents a framework to assess and quantify which configuration is more resilient so that security o Read More

Hydrogen is one of the key solutions to decarbonising the UK economy along with other carbon abatement solutions such as electrification CCUS biofuels and energy efficiency. It provides a low carbon alternative to fossil fuels that has many of the same desirable features such as burning with a high temperature flame without producing carbon emissions during combustion. Hydrogen will be particularly valuable in hard-to-decarbonise sectors that have few Read More

A growing share of renewable energy production in the energy supply systems is key to reaching the European political goal of zero CO2 emission in 2050 highlighted in the green deal. Linked to the irregular production of solar and wind energies which have the highest potential for development in Europe massive energy storage solutions are needed as energy buffers. The European project HyPSTER [1] (Hydrogen Pilot STorage for large Ecosystem Read More

Porous carbons have been extensively investigated for hydrogen storage but to date appear to have an upper limit to their storage capacity. Here in an effort to circumvent this upper limit we explore the potential of oxygen-rich activated carbons. We describe cellulose acetate-derived carbons that combine high surface area (3800 m2 g−1 ) and pore volume (1.8 cm3 g−1 ) that arise almost entirely (>90%) from micropores with an oxygen-rich nature. The Read More

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is an emerging clean energy technology with significant potential for enhanced hydrogen production especially when coupled with water injection. Previous lab-scale studies have explored this potential but the mechanisms driving water-assisted hydrogen enhancement in large-scale deep UCG settings remain unclear. This study addresses this gap using numerical simulations of a large-scale deep coal model designe Read More