Germany

Salt caverns have great potential to store relevant amounts of hydrogen as part of the energy transition. However the durability and suitability of commonly used steels for piping in hydrogen salt caverns is still under research. In this work aging effects focusing on corrosion and cracking patterns of casing steel API 5CT J55 and “H2ready” pipeline steel API 5L X56 were investigated with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrosco Read More

The measurement of hydrogen concentration in fuel cell systems is an important prerequisite for the development of a control strategy to enhance system performance reduce purge losses and minimize fuel cell aging effects. In this perspective paper the working principles of hydrogen sensors are analyzed and their requirements for hydrogen control in fuel cell systems are critically discussed. The wide measurement range absence of oxygen high humidit Read More

Considerable progress has been made recently in the use of nanoporous materials for hydrogen storage. In this article the current status of the field and future challenges are discussed ranging from important open fundamental questions such as the density and volume of the adsorbed phase and its relationship to overall storage capacity to the development of new functional materials and complete storage system design. With regard to funda Read More

The present work demonstrates a comparative study of hydrogen fuel cells and combustion aircraft to investigate the potential of fuel cells as a visionary propulsion system for radically more sustainable medium- to long-range commercial aircraft. The study which considered future airframe and propulsion technologies under the Se2A project was conducted to quantify potential emissions and costs associated with such aircraft and to determine the b Read More

The high potential of hydrogen as a key factor on the pathway towards a climate neutral economy leads to rising demand in technical applications where gaseous hydrogen is used. For several metals hydrogen-metal interactions could cause a degradation of the material properties. This is especially valid for low carbon and highstrength structural steels as they are commonly used in natural gas pipelines and analyzed in this work. This work provides an Read More

In international regulations on explosion protection mechanical friction impact or abrasion is usually named as one of 13 ignition sources that must be avoided in hazardous zones with explosive atmospheres. In different studies it is even identified as one of the most frequent ignition sources in practice. The effectiveness of mechanical impacts as ignition source is dependent from several parameters including the minimum ignition energy of the explos Read More

The ongoing discourse on the transition to a hydrogen-based economy and the lessons learned from visions such as the Desertec concept emphasise the necessity for a nuanced approach to the development of metrics to assess a country’s hydrogen readiness. In addition to economic criteria such as investment incentives factors including law and order governance performance geography infrastructure and renewable energy production poten Read More

The global push for sustainable energy has heightened the demand for green hydrogen which is crucial for decarbonizing heavy industry. However current electrolysis plant capacities are insufficient. This research addresses the challenge through optimizing large-scale electrolysis construction via standardization modularization process optimization and automation. This paper introduces H2Giga a project for mass-producing electrolyzers and HyPLANT100 in Read More

Climate policy will inevitably lead to the stranding of fossil energy assets such as production and transport assets for coal oil and natural gas. Resourcerich developing countries are particularly aected as they have a higher risk of asset stranding due to strong fossil dependencies and wider societal consequences beyond revenue disruption. However there is only little academic and political awareness of the challenge to manage the asset stranding in these Read More

Hydrogen produced via water electrolysis from renewable electricity is considered a key energy carrier to defossilize hard-to-electrify sectors. Solid oxide cells (SOC) based reactors can supply hydrogen not only in electrolysis but also in fuel cell mode when operating with (synthetic) natural gas or biogas at low conversion (polygeneration mode). However the scale-up of SOC reactors to the multi-MW scale is still a research topic. Strategies for transient op Read More