Transmission, Distribution & Storage
A Model-based Parametric and Optimal Sizing of a Battery/Hydrogen Storage of a Real Hybrid Microgrid Supplying a Residential Load: Towards Island Operation
Jun 2021
Publication
In this study the optimal sizing of a hybrid battery/hydrogen Energy Storage System “ESS” is assessed via a model-based parametric analysis in the context of a real hybrid renewable microgrid located in Huelva Spain supplying a real-time monitored residential load (3.5 kW; 5.6 MWh/year) in island mode. Four storage configurations (battery-only H2-only hybrid battery priority and hybrid H2 priority) are assessed under different Energy Management Strat Read More
Power to Hydrogen and Power to Water Using Wind Energy
May 2022
Publication
The need for energy and water security on islands has led to an increase in the use of wind power. However the intermittent nature of wind generation means it needs to be coupled with a storage system. Motivated by this two different models of surplus energy storage systems are investigated in this paper. In both models renewable wind energy is provided by a wind farm. In the first model a pumped hydro storage system (PHS) is used for surplus en Read More
Materials for Hydrogen-based Energy Storage - Past, Recent Progress and Future Outlook
Dec 2019
Publication
Michael Hirscher,
Volodymyr A. Yartys,
Marcello Baricco,
José Bellosta von Colbe,
Didier Blanchard,
Robert C. Bowman Jr.,
Darren P. Broom,
Craig Buckley,
Fei Chang,
Ping Chen,
Young Whan Cho,
Jean-Claude Crivello,
Fermin Cuevas,
William I. F. David,
Petra E. de Jongh,
Roman V. Denys,
Martin Dornheim,
Michael Felderhoff,
Yaroslav Filinchuk,
George E. Froudakis,
David M. Grant,
Evan MacA. Gray,
Bjørn Christian Hauback,
Teng He,
Terry D. Humphries,
Torben R. Jensen,
Sangryun Kim,
Yoshitsugu Kojima,
Michel Latroche,
Hai-wen Li,
Mykhaylo V. Lototskyy,
Joshua W. Makepeace,
Kasper T. Møller,
Lubna Naheed,
Peter Ngene,
Dag Noreus,
Magnus Moe Nygård,
Shin-ichi Orimo,
Mark Paskevicius,
Luca Pasquini,
Dorthe B. Ravnsbæk,
M. Veronica Sofianos,
Terrence J. Udovic,
Tejs Vegge,
Gavin Walker,
Colin Webb,
Claudia Weidenthaler and
Claudia Zlotea
Globally the accelerating use of renewable energy sources enabled by increased efficiencies and reduced costs and driven by the need to mitigate the effects of climate change has significantly increased research in the areas of renewable energy production storage distribution and end-use. Central to this discussion is the use of hydrogen as a clean efficient energy vector for energy storage. This review by experts of Task 32 “Hydrogen-based Energy Read More
Integration of Wind Energy, Hydrogen and Natural Gas Pipeline Systems to Meet Community and Transportation Energy Needs: A Parametric Study
Apr 2014
Publication
The potential benefits are examined of the “Power-to-Gas” (P2G) scheme to utilize excess wind power capacity by generating hydrogen (or potentially methane) for use in the natural gas distribution grid. A parametric analysis is used to determine the feasibility and size of systems producing hydrogen that would be injected into the natural gas grid. Specifically wind farms located in southwestern Ontario Canada are considered. Infrastructure require Read More
Interfacial Fracture Strength Property of Micro-scale SiN/Cu Components
Jul 2016
Publication
The strength against fracture nucleation from an interface free-edge of silicon-nitride (SiN)/copper (Cu) micro-components is evaluated. A special technique that combines a nano-indenter specimen holder and an environmental transmission electron microscope (E-TEM) is employed. The critical load at the onset of fracture nucleation from a wedge-shaped free-edge (opening angle: 90°) is measured both in a vacuum and in a hydrogen (H2) environment a Read More
Reliable Off-grid Power Supply Utilizing Green Hydrogen
Jun 2021
Publication
Green hydrogen produced from wind solar or hydro power is a suitable electricity storage medium. Hydrogen is typically employed as mid- to long-term energy storage whereas batteries cover short-term energy storage. Green hydrogen can be produced by any available electrolyser technology [alkaline electrolysis cell (AEC) polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) anion exchange membrane (AEM) solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC)] if the electrolysi Read More
Polymer–Ceramic Composite Membranes for Water Removal in Membrane Reactors
Jun 2021
Publication
Methanol can be obtained through CO2 hydrogenation in a membrane reactor with higher yield or lower pressure than in a conventional packed bed reactor. In this study we explore a new kind of membrane with the potential suitability for such membrane reactors. Silicone–ceramic composite membranes are synthetized and characterized for their capability to selectively remove water from a mixture containing hydrogen CO2 and water at temperature Read More
Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulations of the Hydrogen Storage Capacities of Slit-shaped Pores, Nanotubes and Torusenes
Jan 2022
Publication
Grand Canonical Monte Carlo GCMC simulations are used to study the gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen storage capacities of different carbon nanopores shapes: Slit-shaped nanotubes and torusenes at room temperature 298.15 K and at pressures between 0.1 and 35 MPa and for pore diameter or width between 4 and 15 A. The influence of the pore shape or curvature on the storage capacities as a function of pressure temperature and pore diam Read More
Hydrogen as a Long-Term Large-Scale Energy Storage Solution to Support Renewables
Oct 2018
Publication
This paper presents a case study of using hydrogen for large-scale long-term storage application to support the current electricity generation mix of South Australia state in Australia which primarily includes gas wind and solar. For this purpose two cases of battery energy storage and hybrid battery-hydrogen storage systems to support solar and wind energy inputs were compared from a techno-economical point of view. Hybrid battery-hydrogen storag Read More
Energy Management System for Hybrid PV/Wind/Battery/Fuel Cell in Microgrid-Based Hydrogen and Economical Hybrid Battery/Super Capacitor Energy Storage
Sep 2021
Publication
The present work addresses the modelling control and simulation of a microgrid integrated wind power system with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) using a hybrid energy storage system. In order to improve the quality of the waveforms (voltages and currents) supplied to the grid instead of a two level-inverter the rotor of the DFIG is supplied using a three-level inverter. A new adaptive algorithm based on combined Direct Reactive Power Control ( Read More
Seasonal and Multi-Seasonal Energy Storage by Power-to-Methane Technology
Jun 2021
Publication
The time-range of applicability of various energy-storage technologies are limited by self-discharge and other inevitable losses. While batteries and hydrogen are useful for storage in a time-span ranging from hours to several days or even weeks for seasonal or multi-seasonal storage only some traditional and quite costly methods can be used (like pumped-storage plants Compressed Air Energy Storage or energy tower). In this paper we aim to show tha Read More
Green Synthesis of Olefin-linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Applications
Mar 2021
Publication
Green synthesis of crystalline porous materials for energy-related applications is of great significance but very challenging. Here we create a green strategy to fabricate a highly crystalline olefin-linked pyrazine-based covalent organic framework (COF) with high robustness and porosity under solvent-free conditions. The abundant nitrogen sites high hydrophilicity and well-defined one-dimensional nanochannels make the resulting COF an ideal platfor Read More
Current Research Trends and Perspectives on Solid-State Nanomaterials in Hydrogen Storage
Jan 2021
Publication
Hydrogen energy with environment amicable renewable efficiency and cost-effective advantages is the future mainstream substitution of fossil-based fuel. However the extremely low volumetric density gives rise to the main challenge in hydrogen storage and therefore exploring effective storage techniques is key hurdles that need to be crossed to accomplish the sustainable hydrogen economy. Hydrogen physically or chemically stored into nanomaterial Read More
Energetics of LOHC: Structure-Property Relationships from Network of Thermochemical Experiments and in Silico Methods
Feb 2021
Publication
The storage of hydrogen is the key technology for a sustainable future. We developed an in silico procedure which is based on the combination of experimental and quantum-chemical methods. This method was used to evaluate energetic parameters for hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions of various pyrazine derivatives as a seminal liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) that are involved in the hydrogen storage technologies. With this Read More
Australian Hydrogen Hubs Study
Nov 2019
Publication
Arup have conducted interviews with targeted industry and government stakeholders to gather data and perspectives to support the development of this study. Arup have also utilised private and publicly available data sources building on recent work undertaken by Geoscience Australia and Deloitte and the comprehensive stakeholder engagement process to inform our research. This study considers the supply chain and infrastructure requirements to Read More
Electrochemical Conversion Technologies for Optimal Design of Decentralized Multi-energy Systems: Modeling Framework and Technology Assessment
Apr 2018
Publication
The design and operation of integrated multi-energy systems require models that adequately describe the behavior of conversion and storage technologies. Typically linear conversion performance or fixed data from technology manufacturers are employed especially for new or advanced technologies. This contribution provides a new modeling framework for electrochemical devices that bridges first-principles models to their simplified implementatio Read More
Influence of Synthesis Gas Components on Hydrogen Storage Properties of Sodium Aluminium Hexahydride
Feb 2021
Publication
A systematic study of different ratios of CO CO2 N2 gas components on the hydrogen storage properties of the Na3AlH6 complex hydride with 4 mol% TiCl3 8 mol% aluminum and 8 mol% activated carbon is presented in this paper. The different concentrations of CO and CO2in H2 and CO CO2 N2 in H2 mixture were investigated. Both CO and CO2gas react with the complex hydride forming Al oxy-compounds NaOH and Na2CO3 that consequently cause s Read More
Energy Transition: Measurement Needs for Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage
Jan 2021
Publication
This latest report describes the potential for CCUS as an important technology during the UK’s energy transition and focuses on the role that metrology (the science of measurement) could play in supporting its deployment. High priority measurement needs and challenges identified within this report include:Measuring and comparing the efficiency of different capture techniques and configurations to provide confidence in investments into tech Read More
Impact Assessment of Hydrogen Transmission on TD1 Parallel Pipeline Separation Distances
Mar 2021
Publication
The recommended minimum separation distances in IGEM/TD/1 were based on a research programme that studied the different ways in which a failure of one buried natural gas transmission pipeline can affect another similar pipeline installed adjacent to the first taking account of the initial pressure wave propagating through the ground the size of the ground crater produced and the threat of escalation from fire if the second pipeline is exposed. Th Read More
How To Transport and Store Hydrogen – Facts and Figures
Apr 2021
Publication
The EU has set a goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050 and decided to raise its 2030 climate target to 55%. For this the EU needs to transform its energy system. It is of paramount importance that it will become more efficient affordable and interconnected. Hydrogen can play a pivotal role in the EU’s decarbonisation efforts and be at the centre of the energy system integration supporting transport of renewable energy over very long distances Read More
Thickness-Prediction Method Involving Tow Redistribution for the Dome of Composite Hydrogen Storage Vessels
Feb 2022
Publication
Traditional thickness-prediction methods underestimate the actual dome thickness at polar openings leading to the inaccurate prediction of the load-bearing capacity of composite hydrogen storage vessels. A method of thickness prediction for the dome section of composite hydrogen storage vessels was proposed which involved fiber slippage and tow redistribution. This method considered the blocking effect of the port on sliding fiber tows and introduced th Read More
Material-based Hydrogen Storage Projection
Sep 2021
Publication
Massive consumption of fossil fuel leads to shortage problems as well as various global environmental issues. Due to the global climatic problem in the world techniques to supply energy demand change from conventional methods that use fossil fuel as the energy source to clean and renewable sources such as solar and wind. However these renewable energy sources are not permanent. Energy storage methods can ensure to supply the energy demand i Read More
Bayesian Inference and Uncertainty Quantification for Hydrogen-Enriched and Lean-Premixed Combustion Systems
May 2021
Publication
Development of probabilistic modelling tools to perform Bayesian inference and uncertainty quantification (UQ) is a challenging task for practical hydrogen-enriched and low-emission combustion systems due to the need to take into account simultaneously simulated fluid dynamics and detailed combustion chemistry. A large number of evaluations is required to calibrate models and estimate parameters using experimental data within the framework Read More
Techno-Economics Optimization of H2 and CO2 Compression for Renewable Energy Storage and Power-to-Gas Applications
Nov 2021
Publication
The decarbonization of the industrial sector is imperative to achieve a sustainable future. Carbon capture and storage technologies are the leading options but lately the use of CO2 is also being considered as a very attractive alternative that approaches a circular economy. In this regard power to gas is a promising option to take advantage of renewable H2 by converting it together with the captured CO2 into renewable gases in particular renewabl Read More
Criticality and Life-Cycle Assessment of Materials Used in Fuel-Cell and Hydrogen Technologies
Mar 2021
Publication
The purpose of this paper is to obtain relevant data on materials that are the most commonly used in fuel-cell and hydrogen technologies. The focus is on polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cells solid-oxide fuel cells polymer-electrolyte-membrane water electrolysers and alkaline water electrolysers. An innovative methodological approach was developed for a preliminary material assessment of the four technologies. This methodological approach Read More
Controllable H2 Generation by Formic Acid Decomposition on a Novel Pd/Templated Carbon Catalyst
Nov 2020
Publication
A novel Pd/templated carbon catalyst (Pd/TC) was developed characterized and tested in the dehydrogenation of formic acid (FA) under mild conditions with the possibility to control the H2 generation rate in the absence or presence of HCOONa (SF) by adjusting the Pd:FA and/or FA:SF ratios. The characterization results of the templated carbon obtained by the chemical vapor deposition of acetylene on NaY zeolite revealed different structural and morpholo Read More
Emerging Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies
Sep 2014
Publication
Electrochemical cells and systems play a key role in a wide range of industry sectors. These devices are critical enabling technologies for renewable energy; energy management conservation and storage; pollution control/monitoring; and greenhouse gas reduction. A large number of electrochemical energy technologies have been developed in the past. These systems continue to be optimized in terms of cost life time and performance leading to their Read More
Thermoacoustic Instability Considerations for High Hydrogen Combustion in Lean Premixed Gas Turbine Combustors: A Review
Jan 2021
Publication
Hydrogen is receiving increasing attention as a versatile energy vector to help accelerate the transition to a decarbonised energy future. Gas turbines will continue to play a critical role in providing grid stability and resilience in future low-carbon power systems; however it is recognised that this role is contingent upon achieving increased thermal efficiencies and the ability to operate on carbon-neutral fuels such as hydrogen. An important consideration in t Read More
Storage System of Renewable Energy Generated Hydrogen for Chemical Industry
Nov 2012
Publication
Chemical industry is the base of the value chains and has strong influence on the competitiveness of almost all branches in economics. To develop the technologies for sustainability and climate protection and at the same time to guarantee the supply of raw material is a big challenge for chemical industry. In the project CO2RRECT (CO2 - Reaction using Regenerative Energies and Catalytic Technologies) funded by the German federal ministry of Educati Read More
Factors Affecting Hydrogen Adsorption in Metal–Organic Frameworks: A Short Review
Jun 2021
Publication
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have significant potential for hydrogen storage. The main benefit of MOFs is their reversible and high-rate hydrogen adsorption process whereas their biggest disadvantage is related to their operation at very low temperatures. In this study we describe selected examples of MOF structures studied for hydrogen adsorption and different factors affecting hydrogen adsorption in MOFs. Approaches to improving hydrogen Read More
Energy Transition: Measurement Needs Within the Hydrogen Industry
Dec 2017
Publication
Hydrogen in the UK is beginning to shift from hypothetical debates to practical demonstration projects. An ever-growing evidence base has showcased how the costs of hydrogen and its barriers to entry are reducing such that it now has practical potential to contribute to the decarbonisation of the UK's energy sector.Despite this hydrogen has yet to have wide commercial uptake due in part to a number of barriers where measurement plays a critical role Read More
A Perspective on Hydrogen Investment, Deployment and Cost Competitiveness
Feb 2021
Publication
Deployment and investments in hydrogen have accelerated rapidly in response to government commitments to deep decarbonisation establishing hydrogen as a key component in the energy transition.To help guide regulators decision-makers and investors the Hydrogen Council collaborated with McKinsey & Company to release the report ‘Hydrogen Insights 2021: A Perspective on Hydrogen Investment Deployment and Cost Competitiveness’. The repo Read More
Fatigue Crack Growth in Operated Gas Pipeline Steels
Jun 2020
Publication
Regularities of fatigue crack growth for pipeline steels of different strength are presented and the changes in fatigue behavior of these steels after long term operation are analyzed. Threshold values of stress intensity factor range are lower for operated steels comparing to the corresponding values for as received ones. During the testing in the simulated soil solution NS4 a barely noticeable tendency to increase the threshold values of SIF was traced. It was e Read More
Effect of Hydrogen and Strain-Induced Martensite on Mechanical Properties of AISI 304 Stainless Steel
Jul 2016
Publication
Plastic deformation and strain-induced martensite (SIM α′) transformation in metastable austenitic AISI 304 stainless steel were investigated through room temperature tensile tests at strain rates ranging from 2 × 10−6 to 2 × 10−2/s. The amount of SIM was measured on the fractured tensile specimens using a feritscope and magnetic force microscope. Elongation to fracture tensile strength hardness and the amount of SIM increased with decreasing the Read More
Hydrogen Storage Using a Hot Pressure Swing Reactor
Jun 2017
Publication
Our contribution demonstrates that hydrogen storage in stationary Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) systems becomes much simpler and significantly more efficient if both the LOHC hydrogenation and the LOHC dehydrogenation reaction are carried out in the same reactor using the same catalyst. The finding that the typical dehydrogenation catalyst for hydrogen release from perhydro dibenzyltoluene (H18-DBT) Pt on alumina turns into a highly Read More
Phase Field Modelling of Formation and Fracture of Expanding Precipitates
May 2017
Publication
It is a common belief that embedded expanding inclusions are subjected to an internal homogeneous compressive hydrostatic stress. Still cracks that appear in precipitates that occupy a larger volume than the original material are frequently observed. The appearance of cracks has since long been regarded as a paradox. In the present study it is shown that matrix materials that increases its volume even several percent during the precipitation process dev Read More
Combined Soft Templating with Thermal Exfoliation Toward Synthesis of Porous g-C3N4 Nanosheets for Improved Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Apr 2021
Publication
Insufficient active sites and fast charge carrier recombination are detrimental to photocatalytic activity of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). In this work a combination of pore creating with thermal exfoliation was employed to prepare porous g-C3N4 nanosheets for photocatalytic water splitting into hydrogen. Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) as the soft template promoted the formation of porous g-C3N4 during the thermal condensation Read More
Recent Advances in Pd-Based Membranes for Membrane Reactors
Jan 2017
Publication
Palladium-based membranes for hydrogen separation have been studied by several research groups during the last 40 years. Much effort has been dedicated to improving the hydrogen flux of these membranes employing different alloys supports deposition/production techniques etc. High flux and cheap membranes yet stable at different operating conditions are required for their exploitation at industrial scale. The integration of membranes in mul Read More
Indentation and Hydride Orientation in Zr-2.5%Nb Pressure Tube Material
Jun 2019
Publication
In this study indentations were made on Zr-2.5%Nb pressure tube material to induce multi-axial stress field. An I-shaped punch mark was indented on the Pressure tube material with predefined punch load. Later material was charged with 50 wppm of hydrogen. The samples near the punch mark were metallographically examined for hydrides orientation. It was observed that hydrides exhibited preferentially circumferential orientation far away fr Read More
Mg-based Materials for Hydrogen Storage
Aug 2021
Publication
Over the last decade’s magnesium and magnesium based compounds have been intensively investigated as potential hydrogen storage as well as thermal energy storage materials due to their abundance and availability as well as their extraordinary high gravimetric and volumetric storage densities. This review work provides a broad overview of the most appealing systems and of their hydrogenation/dehydrogenation properties. Special emphasis is place Read More
Investigation of Structure of AlN Thin Films Using Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Feb 2020
Publication
This study focuses on structural imperfections caused by hydrogen impurities in AlN thin films obtained using atomic layer deposition method (ALD). Currently there is a severe lack of studies regarding the presence of hydrogen in the bulk of AlN films. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is one of the few methods that allow detection bonds of light elements in particular - hydrogen. Hydrogen is known to be a frequent contaminant in AlN films grown Read More
A Comprehensive Review on the Recent Development of Ammonia as a Renewable Energy Carrier
Jun 2021
Publication
Global energy sources are being transformed from hydrocarbon-based energy sources to renewable and carbon-free energy sources such as wind solar and hydrogen. The biggest challenge with hydrogen as a renewable energy carrier is the storage and delivery system’s complexity. Therefore other media such as ammonia for indirect storage are now being considered. Research has shown that at reasonable pressures ammonia is easily contained as a liq Read More
Feature of Stress Corrosion Cracking of Degraded Gas Pipeline Steels
Aug 2019
Publication
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of steels can reduce the structural integrity of gas pipelines. To simulate in-service degradation of pipeline steels in laboratory the method of accelerated degradation consisted in subjecting specimens to electrolytic hydrogenation to loading up the certain plastic deformation and heating of specimen at 250°C was recently developed. The purpose of this paper was to analyse mechanical and SCC behaviour of in-service and i Read More
Unconventional Pearlitic Pseudocolonies Affecting Macro-, Micro- and Nano-structural Integrity of Cold-drawn Pearlitic Steel Wires: Resembling van Gogh, Bernini, Mantegna and Picasso
Dec 2020
Publication
Prestressing steel wires are manufactured by cold drawing during which a preferential orientation is achieved in the matter of pearlitic colonies and lamellae. In addition to this general trend special (unconventional) pearlitic pseudocolonies evolve during the heavy-drawing manufacture process affecting the posterior macro- micro- and nano-structural integrity of the material. This paper discusses the important role of such a special microstructural uni Read More
The Microstructure Study of the Hydrogenated Titanium Specimens Tested at High Temperature Creep for Long-term Tensile Strength
Feb 2020
Publication
Experimental tests of flat titanium samples at a temperature of 450 °C stretched with a constant force up to destruction were carried out. Titanium samples were hydrogenated in the Moscow Aviation Institute laboratory to a hydrogen content of 0.1 % 0.3 % and 0.6 % by weight of the specimen and then tested in the laboratory of Lomonosov Moscow State University. From the experiments the time to failure the localization time of the deformations and the Read More
Analysis of the Environmental Degradation Effects on the Cables of “La Arena” Bridge (Spain)
Sep 2017
Publication
After nearly 25 years of service some of the wires of the tendons of “La Arena” bridge (Spain) started to exhibit the effects of environmental degradation processes. “La Arena” is cable-stayed bridge with 6 towers and a reference span between towers of about 100 meters. After a maintenance inspection of the bridge evidences of corrosion were detected in some of the galvanized wires of the cables. A more in-deep analysis of these wires revealed that Read More
Calibrating a Ductile Damage Model for Two Pipeline Steels: Method and Challenges
Dec 2020
Publication
This work is part of a project that aims to develop a micromechanics based damage law taking into account hydrogen assisted degradation. A 'vintage' API 5L X56N and a 'modern' API 5L X70M pipeline steel have been selected for this purpose. The paper focuses on an experimental calibration of ductile damage properties of the well known complete Gurson model for the two steels in absence of hydrogen. A basic microstructural characterization is provide Read More
Enhancing the Hydrogen Storage Properties of AxBy Intermetallic Compounds by Partial Substitution: A Short Review
Dec 2020
Publication
Solid-state hydrogen storage covers a broad range of materials praised for their gravimetric volumetric and kinetic properties as well as for the safety they confer compared to gaseous or liquid hydrogen storage methods. Among them AxBy intermetallics show outstanding performances notably for stationary storage applications. Elemental substitution whether on the A or B site of these alloys allows the effective tailoring of key properties such as gravi Read More
Comparison of Hydrogen Powertrains with the Battery Powered Electric Vehicle and Investigation of Small-Scale Local Hydrogen Production Using Renewable Energy
Jan 2021
Publication
Climate change is one of the major problems that people face in this century with fossil fuel combustion engines being huge contributors. Currently the battery powered electric vehicle is considered the predecessor while hydrogen vehicles only have an insignificant market share. To evaluate if this is justified different hydrogen power train technologies are analyzed and compared to the battery powered electric vehicle. Even though most research focu Read More
Model of Local Hydrogen Permeability in Stainless Steel with Two Coexisting Structures
Apr 2021
Publication
The dynamics of hydrogen in metals with mixed grain structure is not well understood at a microscopic scale. One of the biggest issues facing the hydrogen economy is “hydrogen embrittlement” of metal induced by hydrogen entering and diffusing into the material. Hydrogen diffusion in metallic materials is difficult to grasp owing to the non-uniform compositions and structures of metal. Here a time-resolved “operando hydrogen microscope” was use Read More
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