Production & Supply Chain
Laser Induced Hydrogen Emission from Ethanol with Dispersed Graphene Particles
Apr 2021
Publication
Efficient hydrogen emission from ethanol with disperse graphene foam particles by using a continuous wave infrared laser diode is reported. The products of ethanol dissociation - hydrogen methane and carbon oxide were measured using mass spectrometry. It was found that the most efficient generation of hydrogen was observed when graphene particles were irradiated by a focused laser beam proceeded at the surface of ethanol solution. The proc Read More
Evaluation of a New Combined Energy System Performance to Produce Electricity and Hydrogen with Energy Storage Option
Mar 2021
Publication
According to new findings the use of alternative energy sources such as wind energy is needed to supply the energy demand of future generations. On the other hand combined renewable energy systems can be more efficient than their stand-alone systems. Therefore clean energy-based hybrid energy systems can be a suitable solution for fossil fuels. However for their widespread commercialization more detailed and powerful studies are needed. On the Read More
Acidic or Alkaline? Towards a New Perspective on the Efficiency of Water Electrolysis
Aug 2016
Publication
Water electrolysis is a promising technology for enabling the storage of surplus electricity produced by intermittent renewable power sources in the form of hydrogen. At the core of this technology is the electrolyte and whether this is acidic or alkaline affects the reaction mechanisms gas purities and is of significant importance for the stability and activity of the electrocatalysts. This article presents a simple but precise physical model to describe the Read More
Optimal Strategies of Deployment of Far Offshore Co-located Wind-wave Energy Farms
Nov 2021
Publication
The most profitable offshore energy resources are usually found away from the coast. Nevertheless the accessibility and grid integration in those areas are more complicated. To avoid this problematic large scale hydrogen production is being promoted for far offshore applications. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the ability of wave energy converters to maximize hydrogen production in hybrid wind and wave far offshore farms. To that end wind Read More
Analyzing the Necessity of Hydrogen Imports for Net-zero Emission Scenarios in Japan
Jun 2021
Publication
With Japan’s current plans to reach a fully decarbonized society by 2050 and establish a hydrogen society substantial changes to its energy system need to be made. Due to the limited land availability in Japan significant amounts of hydrogen are planned to be imported to reach both targets. In this paper a novel stochastic version of the open-source multi-sectoral Global Energy System Model in conjunction with a power system dispatch model is used to an Read More
Modelling Decentralized Hydrogen Systems: Lessons Learned and Challenges from German Regions
Feb 2022
Publication
Green hydrogen produced by power‐to‐gas will play a major role in the defossilization of the energy system as it offers both carbon‐neutral chemical energy and the chance to provide flexibility. This paper provides an extensive analysis of hydrogen production in decentralized energy systems as well as possible operation modes (H2 generation or system flexibility). Modelling was realized for municipalities—the lowest administrative unit in Germany thus pr Read More
Toward Design of Synergistically Active Carbon-Based Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Apr 2014
Publication
Replacement of precious catalyst with cost-effective alternatives would be significantly beneficial for hydrogen production via electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). All candidates thus far are exclusively metallic catalysts which suffer inherent corrosion and oxidation susceptibility during acidic proton-exchange membrane electrolysis. Herein based on theoretical predictions we designed and synthesized nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) d Read More
Nickel Sulfides Supported by Carbon Spheres as Efficient Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Jun 2021
Publication
Ni3S2 and NiS supported on carbon spheres are successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. And then a series of physical characterizations included XRD (X-ray diffraction) EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy) and XPS (X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy) were used to analyze the samples. XRD was used to confirm that NiNi3S2 S2 and NiS were successfully fabricated. FESEM indicated Read More
Physicochemical Properties of Proton-conducting SmNiO3 Epitaxial Films
Mar 2019
Publication
Proton conducting SmNiO3 (SNO) thin films were grown on (001) LaAlO3 substrates for systematically investigating the proton transport properties. X-ray Diffraction and Atomic Force Microscopy studies reveal that the as-grown SNO thin films have good single crystallinity and smooth surface morphology. The electrical conductivity measurements in air indicate a peak at 473 K in the temperature dependence of the resistance of the SNO films probably d Read More
Molybdenum Carbide Microcrystals: Efficient and Stable Catalyst for Photocatalytic H2 Evolution From Water in The Presence Of Dye Sensitizer
Sep 2016
Publication
Rod-like molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) microcrystals were obtained from the pyrolysis of Mo-containing organic-inorganic hybrid composite. We investigated the photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of Mo2C by constructing a Mo2C-dye sensitizer photocatalyst system. A high quantum efficiency of 29.7% was obtained at 480 nm. Moreover Mo2C catalyst can be easily recycled by simple filtration.
Enhanced Hydrogen Generation from Hydrolysis of MgLi Doped with Expanded Graphite
Apr 2021
Publication
Hydrolysis of Mg-based materials is considered as a potential means of safe and convenient real-time control of H2 release enabling efficient loading discharge and utilization of hydrogen in portable electronic devices. At present work the hydrogen generation properties of MgLi-graphite composites were evaluated for the first time. The MgLi-graphite composites with different doping amounts of expanded graphite (abbreviated as EG hereinafter) w Read More
Hydrogen Generation from Wood Chip and Biochar by Combined Continuous Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Gasification
Jun 2021
Publication
Hydrothermal gasification (HTG) experiments were carried out to extract hydrogen from biomass. Although extensive research has been conducted on hydrogen production with HTG limited research exists on the use of biochar as a raw material. In this study woodland residues (wood chip) and biochar from wood-chip pyrolysis were used in HTG treatment to generate hydrogen. This research investigated the effect of temperature (300–425 °C) and bio Read More
Enhanced Performance and Durability of Low Catalyst Loading PEM Water Electrolyser Based on a Short-side Chain Perfluorosulfonic Ionomer
Sep 2016
Publication
Water electrolysis supplied by renewable energy is the foremost technology for producing ‘‘green” hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles. In addition the ability to rapidly follow an intermittent load makes electrolysis an ideal solution for grid-balancing caused by differences in supply and demand for energy generation and consumption. Membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) designed for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolysis based on a novel Read More
Green Hydrogen: A New Flexibility Source for Security Constrained Scheduling of Power Systems with Renewable Energies
Apr 2021
Publication
Green hydrogen i.e. the hydrogen generated from renewable energy sources (RES) will significantly contribute to a successful energy transition. Besides to facilitate the integration and storage of RES this promising energy carrier is well capable to efficiently link various energy sectors. By introduction of green hydrogen as a new flexibility source to power systems it is necessary to investigate its possible impacts on the generation scheduling and power sy Read More
Flexible Electricity Dispatch of an Integrated Solar Combined Cycle through Thermal Energy Storage and Hydrogen Production
Jun 2021
Publication
In this work the flexible operation of an Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) power plant has been optimized considering two different energy storage approaches. The objective of this proposal is to meet variable users’ grid demand for an extended period at the lowest cost of electricity. Medium temperature thermal energy storage (TES) and hydrogen generation configurations have been analyzed from a techno-economic point of view. R Read More
Advances and Challenges of MOF Derived Carbon-based Electrocatalysts and Photocatalyst for Water Splitting: A Review
Apr 2022
Publication
Environmental pollution and energy shortage are substantial fears to the modern world's long-term sustainability. Water splitting is an essential technique for eco - friendly and sustainable energy storage as well as a pollution-free method to produce hydrogen. In this regards Metal–organic frameworks have emerged as the most competent multifunctional materials in recent times due to its large surface areas adjustable permeability easy composition Read More
Development and Functionalization of Visible-Light-Driven Water-Splitting Photocatalysts
Jan 2022
Publication
With global warming and the depletion of fossil resources our fossil fuel-dependent society is expected to shift to one that instead uses hydrogen (H2) as a clean and renewable energy. To realize this the photocatalytic water-splitting reaction which produces H2 from water and solar energy through photocatalysis has attracted much attention. However for practical use the functionality of water-splitting photocatalysts must be further improved to efficiently Read More
Hydrogen Energy
Feb 2007
Publication
The problem of anthropogenically driven climate change and its inextricable link to our global society’s present and future energy needs are arguably the greatest challenge facing our planet. Hydrogen is now widely regarded as one key element of a potential energy solution for the twenty-first century capable of assisting in issues of environmental emissions sustainability and energy security. Hydrogen has the potential to provide for energy in transportat Read More
Catalysis of Oxides in Hydrogen Generation by the Reaction of Al with Water
Sep 2013
Publication
Hydrogen generation by the reaction of pure Al powder in water with the addition of Al(OH)3 γ- Al2O3 α-Al2O3 or TiO2 at mild temperatures was investigated. It was found that the reaction of Al with water is promoted and the reaction induction time decreases greatly by the above hydroxide and oxides. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the hydroxide and oxide phases have no any change during the Al-water reaction indicating that th Read More
Ammonia-hydrogen Combustion in a Swirl Burner with Reduction of NOx Emissions
Sep 2019
Publication
Recently ammonia is being considered for fuelling gas turbines as a new sustainable source. It can undergo thermal cracking producing nitrogen hydrogen and unburned ammonia thus enabling the use of these chemicals most efficiently for combustion purposes. Ammonia being carbon-free may allow the transition towards a hydrogen economy. However one of the main constraints of this fuelling technique is that although the combustion of ammon Read More
Synthesis of Activated Ferrosilicon-based Microcomposites by Ball Milling and their Hydrogen Generation Properties
Jan 2019
Publication
Ferrosilicon 75 a 50:50 mixture of silicon and iron disilicide has been activated toward hydrogen generation by processing using ball milling allowing a much lower concentration of sodium hydroxide (2 wt %) to be used to generate hydrogen from the silicon in ferrosilicon with a shorter induction time than has been reported previously. An activation energy of 62 kJ/mol was determined for the reaction of ball-milled ferrosilicon powder with sodium hydroxide sol Read More
Advanced Hydrogen and CO2 Capture Technology for Sour Syngas
Apr 2011
Publication
A key challenge for future clean power or hydrogen projects via gasification is the need to reduce the overall cost while achieving significant levels of CO2 capture. The current state of the art technology for capturing CO2 from sour syngas uses a physical solvent absorption process (acid gas removal–AGR) such as Selexol™ or Rectisol® to selectively separate H2S and CO2 from the H2. These two processes are expensive and require significant utility cons Read More
Bioanode and Biocathode Performance in a Microbial Electrolysis Cell
Jan 2017
Publication
The bioanode is important for a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) and its robustness to maintain its catalytic activity affects the performance of the whole system. Bioanodes enriched at a potential of +0.2 V (vs. standard hydrogen electrode) were able to sustain their oxidation activity when the anode potential was varied from 0.3 up to +1.0 V. Chronoamperometric test revealed that the bioanode produced peak current density of 0.36 A/m2 and 0.37 A/ Read More
Integrating IT-SOFC and Gasification Combined Cycle with Methanation Reactor and Hydrogen Firing for Near Zero-emission Power Generation from Coal
Apr 2011
Publication
Application of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) in gasification-based power plants would represent a turning point in the power generation sector allowing to considerably increase the electric efficiency of coal-fired power stations while reducing CO2 and other pollutant emissions. The aim of this paper is the thermodynamic assessment of a SOFC-based IGFC plant with methanation reactor hydrogen post-firing and CO2 capture by physical absorption. T Read More
Laser Powder Bed Fusion of WE43 in Hydrogen-argon-gas Atmosphere
Sep 2020
Publication
Growing demand for individual and especially complex parts with emphasis on biomedical or lightweight applications enhances the importance of laser powder bed fusion. Magnesium alloys offer both biocompatibility and low density but feature a very high melting point of oxide layers while the evaporation temperature of pure magnesium is much lower. This impedes adequate part quality and process reproducibility. To weaken this oxide layer and en Read More
To Adopt CCU Technology or Not? An Evolutionary Game between Local Governments and Coal-Fired Power Plants
Apr 2022
Publication
Carbon dioxide capture and utilization (CCU) technology is a significant means by which China can achieve its ambitious carbon neutrality goal. It is necessary to explore the behavioral strategies of relevant companies in adopting CCU technology. In this paper an evolutionary game model is established in order to analyze the interaction process and evolution direction of local governments and coal-fired power plants. We develop a replicator dynamic system Read More
Membrane Based Purification of Hydrogen System (MEMPHYS)
Feb 2019
Publication
A hydrogen purification system based on the technology of the electrochemical hydrogen compression and purification is introduced. This system is developed within the scope of the project MEMPHYS. Therefore the project its targets and the different work stages are presented. The technology of the electrochemical purification and the state of the art of hydrogen purification are described. Early measurements in the project have been carried Read More
Methodology for the Development of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) with Pumped Storage and Hydrogen Production on Lemnos Island
Apr 2022
Publication
The non-interconnected islands of Greece can benefit from the comprehensive use of RES to avoid water droughts and ensure energy autonomy. The present paper analyzes an HRES with two possible operating scenarios. Both of them include a wind park of 27.5 MW capacity an 1175 m3/day desalination plant and a 490000 m3/day water tank in Lemnos Greece. Regarding the wind power 70% is used in the HRES while the rest is channeled directly t Read More
Dynamic Energy and Mass Balance Model for an Industrial Alkaline Water Electrolyzer Plant Process
Nov 2021
Publication
This paper proposes a parameter adjustable dynamic mass and energy balance simulation model for an industrial alkaline water electrolyzer plant that enables cost and energy efficiency optimization by means of system dimensioning and control. Thus the simulation model is based on mathematical models and white box coding and it uses a practicable number of fixed parameters. Zero-dimensional energy and mass balances of each unit operation o Read More
Combined Dehydrogenation and Hydrogen-based Power Generation
Jan 2018
Publication
An energy production from the combination of dehydrogenation and combined cycle power generation is proposed. The delivered system is established from three main modules: dehydrogenation combustion and combined cycle. The heat in the system is circulated thoroughly to enhance the energy efficiency due to optimum energy recovery. The Pt/Al2O3 catalyst is applied in the dehydrogenation module due to superior activity to accelerate the dehydroge Read More
Hydrogen Production Using Solar Energy - Technical Analysis
Mar 2019
Publication
This paper presents a case study concerning a plant for hydrogen production and storage having a daily capacity of 100kg. The plant is located in Cluj-Napoca Romania. It produces hydrogen by means of water electrolysis while the energy is provided using solar energy. We performed the calculations for four different technical solutions used for the hydrogen production and storage plant and also we considered three scenarios regarding the sub-sy Read More
Green H2 Production by Water Electrolysis Using Cation Exchange Membrane: Insights on Activation and Ohmic Polarization Phenomena
Dec 2021
Publication
Low-temperature electrolysis by using polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) can play an important role in hydrogen energy transition. This work presents a study on the performance of a proton exchange membrane in the water electrolysis process at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. In the perspective of applications that need a device with small volume and low weight a miniaturized electrolysis cell with a 36 cm2 active area of PEM Read More
Methanol Reforming Processes for Fuel Cell Applications
Dec 2021
Publication
Hydrogen production through methanol reforming processes has been stimulated over the years due to increasing interest in fuel cell technology and clean energy production. Among different types of methanol reforming the steam reforming of methanol has attracted great interest as reformate gas stream where high concentration of hydrogen is produced with a negligible amount of carbon monoxide. In this review recent progress of the main refor Read More
Using Solar Power Regulation to Electrochemically Capture Carbon Dioxide: Process Integration and Case Studies
Mar 2022
Publication
This work focuses on the use of solar photovoltaic energy to capture carbon dioxide by means of a combined electrolyzer–absorption system and compares operating results obtained in two cases studies (operation during one clear and one cloudy day in March) in which real integration of solar photovoltaics electrolyzer and absorption technologies is made at the bench-scale. The system is a part of a larger process (so-called EDEN⃝R Electrochemically Read More
H2FC SUPERGEN- Delivering Negative Emissions from Biomass derived Hydrogen
Apr 2020
Publication
Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) removes carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere i.e. negative CO2 emissions. It will likely have an important role in the transition to a net-zero economy by offsetting hard-to-abate greenhouse gas emissions. However there are concerns about the sustainability of large scale BECCS deployment using bioenergy from predominantly primary biomass sources (i.e. dedicated energy crops). Secon Read More
Laser-Induced Generation of Hydrogen in Water by Using Graphene Target
Jan 2022
Publication
A new method of hydrogen generation from water by irradiation with CW infrared laser diode of graphene scaffold immersed in solution is reported. Hydrogen production was extremely efficient upon admixing NaCl into water. The efficiency of hydrogen production increased exponentially with laser power. It was shown that hydrogen production was highly efficient when the intense white light emission induced by laser irradiation of graphene foam w Read More
State of the Art of Hydrogen Production via Pyrolysis of Natural Gas
Jul 2020
Publication
Fossil fuels have to be substituted by climate neutral fuels to contribute to CO2 reduction in the future energy system. Pyrolysis of natural gas is a well-known technical process applied for production of e. g. carbon black.In the future it might contribute to carbon dioxide-free hydrogen production. Production of hydrogen from natural gas pyrolysis has thus gained interest in research and energy technology in the near past. If the carbon by-product of this Read More
Design of an Efficient, High Purity Hydrogen Generation Apparatus and Method for a Sustainable, Closed Clean Energy Cycle
Jul 2015
Publication
In this paper we present a detailed design study of a novel apparatus for safely generating hydrogen (H2) on demand according to a novel method using a controlled chemical reaction between water (H2O) and sodium (Na) metal that yields hydrogen gas of sufficient purity for direct use in fuel cells without risk of contaminating sensitive catalysts. The apparatus consists of a first pressure vessel filled with liquid H2O with an overpressure of nitrogen (N2) g Read More
Thermal Hydrogen: An Emissions Free Hydrocarbon Economy
Apr 2017
Publication
Envisioned below is an energy system named Thermal Hydrogen developed to enable economy-wide decarbonization. Thermal Hydrogen is an energy system where electric and/or heat energy is used to split water (or CO2) for the utilization of both by-products: hydrogen as energy storage and pure oxygen as carbon abatement. Important advantages of chemical energy carriers are long term energy storage and extended range for electric vehicles. Read More
Designing Optimal Integrated Electricity Supply Configurations for Renewable hydrogen Generation in Australia
Jun 2021
Publication
The high variability and intermittency of wind and solar farms raise questions of how to operate electrolyzers reliably economically and sustainably using pre-dominantly or exclusively variable renewables. To address these questions we develop a comprehensive cost framework that extends to include factors such as performance degradation efficiency financing rates and indirect costs to assess the economics of 10 MW scale alkaline and proton-exchange m Read More
Promotion Effect of Proton-conducting Oxide BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3−δ on the Catalytic Activity of Ni Towards Ammonia Synthesis from Hydrogen and Nitrogen
Aug 2018
Publication
In this report for the first time it has been observed that proton-conducting oxide BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3−δ (BZCY) has significant promotion effect on the catalytic activity of Ni towards ammonia synthesis from hydrogen and nitrogen. Renewable hydrogen can be used for ammonia synthesis to save CO2 emission. By investigating the operating parameters of the reaction the optimal conditions for this catalyst were identified. It was found that at 62 Read More
Design and Cost Considerations for Practical Solar-hydrogen Generators
Oct 2014
Publication
Solar-hydrogen generation represents a promising alternative to fossil fuels for the large-scale implementation of a clean-fuel transportation infrastructure. A significant amount of research resources has been allocated to the development of photoelectrochemical components (i.e. photovoltaic and water splitting catalysts) that are able to spontaneously split water in the presence of solar irradiation which has led to major advances in the solar-fuels field. At Read More
Properties of the Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction on Pt/C catalysts at Optimised High Mass Transport Conditions and its Relevance to the Anode Reaction in PEFCs and Cathode Reactions in Electrolysers
Jul 2015
Publication
Using a high mass transport floating electrode technique with an ultra-low catalyst loading (0.84–3.5 μgPt cm−2) of commonly used Pt/C catalyst (HiSPEC 9100 Johnson Matthey) features in the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) were resolved and defined which have rarely been previously observed. These features include fine structure in the hydrogen adsorption region between 0.18 < V vs. RHE < 0.36 V vs. R Read More
Future Cost and Performance of Water Electrolysis: An Expert Elicitation Study
Nov 2017
Publication
The need for energy storage to balance intermittent and inflexible electricity supply with demand is driving interest in conversion of renewable electricity via electrolysis into a storable gas. But high capital cost and uncertainty regarding future cost and performance improvements are barriers to investment in water electrolysis. Expert elicitations can support decision-making when data are sparse and their future development uncertain. Therefore this st Read More
Optimal Design and Operation of Integrated Wind-hydrogen-electricity Networks for Decarbonising the Domestic Transport Sector in Great Britain
Nov 2015
Publication
This paper presents the optimal design and operation of integrated wind-hydrogen-electricity networks using the general mixed integer linear programming energy network model STeMES (Samsatli and Samsatli 2015). The network comprises: wind turbines; electrolysers fuel cells compressors and expanders; pressurised vessels and underground storage for hydrogen storage; hydrogen pipelines and electricity overhead/underground transmission lines; Read More
Simple Hydrogen Gas Production Method Using Waste Silicon
Jan 2022
Publication
We investigated a simple and safe method for producing hydrogen using Si powder which is discarded in the semiconductor industry. Using the reaction of generating hydrogen from Si powder and an aqueous NaOH solution a simple hydrogen generator that imitated Kipp’s apparatus was produced. Then by combining this apparatus with a polymer electrolyte fuel cell an automatic hydrogen generation system based on the amount of electric power re Read More
Low-carbon Energy Transition With the Sun and Forest: Solar-driven Hydrogen Production from Biomass
Nov 2021
Publication
There is a need to derive hydrogen from renewable sources and the innovative stewardship of two natural resources namely the Sun and forest could provide a new pathway. This paper provides the first comparative analysis of solar-driven hydrogen production from environmental angles. A novel hydrogen production process proposed in this paper named Solar-Driven Advanced Biomass Indirect-Gasification (SABI-Hydrogen) shows promise toward ac Read More
Production of Sustainable Hydrogen and Carbon for the Metallurgical Industry
Dec 2021
Publication
Hydrogen will presumably become an important substitute for carbon as a reductant in the metallurgical industry for processes such as steel production. However the challenge to supply enough CO2 -free hydrogen for metallurgical processes has not been resolved yet. This paper reviews different production technologies for hydrogen and their advantages and drawbacks. Additionally it will highlight the development of plasma technology to produce hy Read More
Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen Production by Waste Photoreforming
Jan 2022
Publication
Identifying sustainable energy vectors is perhaps one of the most critical issues that needs addressing to achieve a climate-neutral society by 2050. In this context the hydrogen economy has been proposed as a solution to mitigate our current fossil-based energy system while the concept of the circular economy aims to boost the efficient use of resources. Photoreforming offers a promising opportunity for recycling and transforming widely availa Read More
Analysis of Wind to Hydrogen Production and Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage Systems for Novel Production of Chemical Energy Carriers
Apr 2022
Publication
As the offshore energy landscape transitions to renewable energy useful decommissioned or abandoned oil and gas infrastructure can be repurposed in the context of the circular economy. Oil and gas platforms for example offer opportunity for hydrogen (H2) production by desalination and electrolysis of sea water using offshore wind power. However as H2 storage and transport may prove challenging this study proposes to react this H2 with the carbo Read More
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