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The Hydrogen Economy can Reduce Costs of Climate Change Mitigation by up to 22%
May 2024
Publication
In response to the urgent need to mitigate climate change via net-zero targets many nations are renewing their interest in clean hydrogen as a net-zero energy carrier. Although clean hydrogen can be directly used in various sectors for deep decarbonization the relatively low energy density and high production costs have raised doubts as to whether clean hydrogen development is worthwhile. Here we improve on the GCAM model by including Read More
Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cells: A Vision of our Future
Jan 2003
Publication
This report of the High Level Group for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies sets out a vision for these technologies in future sustainable energy systems - improving energy security of supply and air quality whilst mitigating climate change. The report recommends actions for developing world-class European hydrogen technologies and fostering their commercial exploitation.
Role of a Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell in Remote Area Power Supply: A Review
Aug 2023
Publication
This manuscript presents a thorough review of unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs) and their importance in Remote Area Power Supply (RAPS). In RAPS systems that utilize solar and hydrogen power which typically include photovoltaic modules a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer hydrogen gas storage and PEM fuel cells the cost of these systems is currently higher compared to conventional RAPS systems that employ diesel generators or Read More
Merging the Green-H2 Production with Carbon Recycling for Stepping Towards the Carbon Cyclic Economy
Jan 2024
Publication
Hydrogen Economy and Cyclic Economy are advocated together with the use of perennial (solar wind hydro geo-power SWHG) and renewable (biomass) energy sources for defossilizing anthropic activities and mitigating climate change. Each option has intrinsic limits that prevent a stand-alone success in reaching the target. Humans have recycled goods (metals water paper and now plastics) to a different extent since very long time. Recycling carb Read More
Selecting Appropriate Energy Source Options for an Arctic Research Ship
Dec 2023
Publication
Interest in more sustainable energy sources has increased rapidly in the maritime industry and ambitious goals have been set for decreasing ship emissions. All industry stakeholders have reacted to this with different approaches including the optimisation of ship power plants the development of new energy-improving sub-systems for existing solutions or the design of entirely novel power plant concepts employing alternative fuels. This paper assesses Read More
Recent Progress and Techno-economic Analysis of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers for Australian Renewable Energy Export - A Critical Review
Jan 2024
Publication
Hydrogen as a primary carbon-free energy carrier is confronted by challenges in storage and transportation. However liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) present a promising solution for storing and transporting hydrogen at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Unlike circular energy carriers such as methanol ammonia and synthetic natural gas LOHCs do not produce by-products during hydrogen recovery. LOHCs only act as hy Read More
Developing a Generalized Framework for Assessing Safety of Hydrogen Vehicles in Tunnels
Sep 2023
Publication
For widespread adoption of hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicles such vehicles need to be able to provide similar transportation capabilities as their gasoline/diesel powered counterparts. Meeting this requirement in many regions will necessitate access to tunnels. Previous work completed at Sandia National Laboratories provided high-fidelity consequence modeling of hydrogen vehicle tunnel crashes for a specific fire scenario in selected Mass Read More
Alternatives for Transport, Storage in Port and Bunkering Systems for Offshore Energy to Green Hydrogen
Nov 2023
Publication
Offshore electricity production mainly by wind turbines and eventually floating PV is expected to increase renewable energy generation and their dispatchability. In this sense a significant part of this offshore electricity would be directly used for hydrogen generation. The integration of offshore energy production into the hydrogen economy is of paramount importance for both the techno-economic viability of offshore energy generation and the Read More
Investigation of Hybrid Power-to-hydrogen/Nautral Gas and Hydrogen-to-X System in Cameroon
May 2024
Publication
In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) the capacity to generate energy faces significant hurdles. Despite efforts to integrate renewable energy sources and natural gas power plants into the energy portfolio the desired reduction in environmental impact and alleviation of energy poverty remain elusive. Hence exploring a spectrum of hybrid technologies encompassing storage and hydrogen-based solutions is imperative to optimize energy production while mitigatin Read More
Optimal Multi-layer Economical Schedule for Coordinated Multiple Mode Operation of Wind-solar Microgrids with Hybrid Energy Storage Systems
Nov 2023
Publication
The aim of this paper is the design and implementation of an advanced model predictive control (MPC) strategy for the management of a wind–solar microgrid (MG) both in the islanded and grid-connected modes. The MG includes energy storage systems (ESSs) and interacts with external hydrogen and electricity consumers as an extra feature. The system participates in two different electricity markets i.e. the daily and real-time markets characte Read More
Cost Projection of Global Green Hydrogen Production Scenarios
Nov 2023
Publication
A sustainable future hydrogen economy hinges on the development of green hydrogen and the shift away from grey hydrogen but this is highly reliant on reducing production costs which are currently too high for green hydrogen to be competitive. This study predicts the cost trajectory of alkaline and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers based on ongoing research and development (R&D) scale effects and experiential learning consequently Read More
Safety Risk and Strategy Analysis of On-Board Hydrogen System of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles in China
Nov 2023
Publication
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) represent an important breakthrough in the hydrogen energy industry. The safe utilization of hydrogen is critical for the sustainable and healthy development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. In this study risk factors and preventive measures are proposed for on-board hydrogen systems during the process of transportation storage and use of fuel cell vehicles. The relevant hydrogen safety standards in China are also analy Read More
Alternative Gaseous Fuels for Marine Vessels towards Zero-Carbon Emissions
Nov 2023
Publication
The maritime industry is recognized as a major pollution source to the environment. The use of low- or zero-carbon marine alternative fuel is a promising measure to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and toxic pollutants leading to net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. Hydrogen (H2 ) fuel cells particularly proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and ammonia (NH3 ) are screened out to be the feasible marine gaseous alternative fuels. Green h Read More
CFD Simulations of Hydrogen Tank Fuelling: Sensitivity to Turbulence Model and Grid Resolution
Dec 2023
Publication
CFD modelling of compressed hydrogen fuelling provides information on the hydrogen and tank structure temperature dynamics required for onboard storage tank design and fuelling protocol development. This study compares five turbulence models to develop a strategy for costeffective CFD simulations of hydrogen fuelling while maintaining a simulation accuracy acceptable for engineering analysis: RANS models k-ε and RSM; hybrid models SAS and Read More
Adaptive Network Fuzzy Inference System and Particle Swarm Optimization of Biohydrogen Production Process
Sep 2022
Publication
Green hydrogen is considered to be one of the best candidates for fossil fuels in the near future. Bio-hydrogen production from the dark fermentation of organic materials including organic wastes is one of the most cost-effective and promising methods for hydrogen production. One of the main challenges posed by this method is the low production rate. Therefore optimizing the operating parameters such as the initial pH value operating temperatur Read More
Hydrogen Equipment Enclosure Risk Reduction through Earlier Detection of Component Failures
Sep 2023
Publication
Hydrogen component reliability and the hazard associated with failure rates is a critical area of research for the successful implementation and growth of hydrogen technology across the globe. The research team has partnered to quantify system risk reduction through earlier detection of hydrogen component failures. A model of hydrogen dispersion in a hydrogen equipment enclosure has been developed utilizing experimentally quantified hydrogen com Read More
Technical and Economic Viability of Underground Hydrogen Storage
Nov 2023
Publication
Considering the mismatch between the renewable source availability and energy demand energy storage is increasingly vital for achieving a net-zero future. The daily/seasonal disparities produce a surplus of energy at specific moments. The question is how can this “excess” energy be stored? One promising solution is hydrogen. Conventional hydrogen storage relies on manufactured vessels. However scaling the technology requires larger volumes to s Read More
Flame Acceleration, Detonation Limit and Heat Loss for Hydrogen-Oxygen Mixture at Cryogenic Temperature of 77 K
Sep 2023
Publication
Experiments are performed in hydrogen-oxygen mixtures at the cryogenic temperature of 77 K with the equivalence ratio of 1.5 and 2.0. The optical fibers pressure sensors and the smoked foils are used to record the flame velocity overpressure evolution curve and detonation cells respectively. The 1st and 2nd shock waves are captured and they finally merge to form a stronger precursor shock wave prior to the onset of detonation. The cryogenic temper Read More
A Review of Hydrogen-based Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems: Simulation and Optimization with Artificial Intelligence
Nov 2021
Publication
With the massive use of traditional fossil fuels greenhouse gas emissions are increasing and environmental pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem which led to an imminent energy transition. Therefore the development and application of renewable energy are particularly important. This paper reviews a wide range of issues associated with hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs). The issues concerning system configurations energy sto Read More
Energy Storage in Urban Areas: The Role of Energy Storage Facilities, a Review
Feb 2024
Publication
Positive Energy Districts can be defined as connected urban areas or energy-efficient and flexible buildings which emit zero greenhouse gases and manage surpluses of renewable energy production. Energy storage is crucial for providing flexibility and supporting renewable energy integration into the energy system. It can balance centralized and distributed energy generation while contributing to energy security. Energy storage can respond to supple Read More
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