Providing Solutions to Decarbonize Energy-Intensive Industries for a Sustainable Future in Egypt by 2050

Around 75% of worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are generated by the combustion of fossil fuels (FFs) for energy production. Tackling climate change requires a global shift away from FF reliance and the decarbonization of energy systems. The energy, manufacturing, and construction sectors contribute a significant portion of Egypt’s total GHG emissions, largely due to the reliance on fossil fuels in energy-intensive industries (EIIs). Decarbonizing these sectors is essential to achieve Egypt’s sustainable development goals, improve air quality, and create a resilient, low-carbon economy. This paper examines practical, scalable solutions to decarbonize energy-intensive industries in Egypt, focusing on implementing renewable energy sources (RESs), enhancing energy efficiency, and integrating new technologies such as carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) and green hydrogen (GH). We also explore the policy incentives and economic drivers that can facilitate these changes, as the government aims to achieve net-zero GHG emissions for a sustainable transition by 2050.