A Novel Layout for Combined Heat and Power Production for a Hospital Based on a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

This paper addresses the problem of the reduction in the huge energy demand of hospitals and health care facilities. The sharp increase in the natural gas price, due to the Ukrainian–Russian war, has significantly reduced economic savings achieved by combined heat and power (CHP) units, especially for hospitals. In this framework, this research proposes a novel system based on the integration of a reversible CHP solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a photovoltaic field (PV). The PV power is mainly used for balancing the hospital load. The excess power production is exploited to produce renewable hydrogen. The SOFC operates in electrical tracking mode. The cogenerative heat produced by the SOFC is exploited to partially meet the thermal load of the hospital. The SOFC is driven by the renewable hydrogen produced by the plant. When this hydrogen is not available, the SOFC is driven by natural gas. In fact, the SOFC is coupled with an external reformer. The simulation model of the whole plant, including the reversible SOFC, PV, and hospital, is developed in the TRNSYS18 environment and MATLAB. The model of the hospital is calibrated by means of measured data. The proposed system achieves very interesting results, with a primary energy-saving index of 33% and a payback period of 6.7 years. Therefore, this energy measure results in a promising solution for reducing the environmental impact of hospital and health care facilities.