Energy Management of Hydrogen Hybrid Electric Vehicles - A Potential Analysis

The hydrogen combustion engine (H2 ICE) is known to be able to burn H2 , producing no CO2 emissions and extremely low engine-out NOeo emissions. In this work, the potential to reduce the NOeo emissions through the implementation of electric hybridization of an H2 ICE-equipped passenger car (H2 -HEV), combined with a dedicated energy management system (EMS) is discussed. Achieving a low H2 consumption and low NOeo emissions are conflicting objectives, the trade-off of which depends on the EMS and can be represented as a Pareto front. The dynamic programming algorithm is used to calculate the Pareto-optimal EMS calibrations for various driving missions. Through the utilization of a dedicated energy management calibration, H2 -HEVs exhibit the potential to decrease the NOeo x emissions by more than 90%, while, decreasing the H2 consumption by over 16%, compared to a comparable non-hybridized H2 -vehicle. The present paper represents the initial potential analysis, suggesting that H2 -HEVs are a viable option towards a CO2 -free mobility with extremely low NOeo emissions.