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The concept of underground gas storage is based on the natural capacity of geological formations such as aquifers depleted oil and gas reservoirs and salt caverns to store gases. Underground storage systems can be used to inject and store natural gas (NG) or hydrogen which can be withdrawn for transport to end-users or for use in industrial processes. Geological formations can additionally be used to securely contain harmful gases such as carbon dioxi Read More

The water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) is an intermediate reaction in hydrocarbon reforming processes considered one of the most important reactions for hydrogen production. Here water and carbon monoxide molecules react to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide. From the thermodynamics aspect pressure does not have an impact whereas low-temperature conditions are suitable for high hydrogen selectivity because of the exothermic natur Read More

This review critically examines hydrogen energy systems highlighting their capacity to transform the global energy framework and mitigate climate change. Hydrogen showcases a high energy density of 120 MJ/kg providing a robust alternative to fossil fuels. Adoption at scale could decrease global CO2 emissions by up to 830 million tonnes annually. Despite its potential the expansion of hydrogen technology is curtailed by the inefficiency of current electroly Read More

Green hydrogen (H2 ) a promising clean energy source garnering increasing attention worldwide can be derived through various pathways resulting in differing levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Notably Green H2 production can utilize different methods such as integrating standard photovoltaic panels thermal photovoltaic or concentrated photovoltaic thermal collectors with electrolyzers. Furthermore it can be conditioned to different states or c Read More

Hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a pivotal energy storage solution and a transformative alternative to conventional energy sources. This review summarizes the evolving landscape of global H2 production and consumption markets focusing on the crucial role of photothermal catalysts (PTCs) in driving Hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) particularly with regards to oxide selenide and telluride-based PTCs. Within this exploration the mechanisms of Read More

Green hydrogen a critical element in the shift towards sustainable energy is traditionally produced by electrolysis powered by solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. This research explores the potential of underexploited photovoltaic thermal (PV-T) systems for efficient green hydrogen generation. This paper compares this advanced technology performance and economic viability against conventional PV setups. This paper uses TRNSYS simulation software to analyze Read More

The increase in the feasibility of hydrogen-based generation makes it a promising addition to the realm of renewable energies that are being employed to address the issue of electric vehicle charging. This paper presents technical and an economical approach to evaluate a newer off-grid hybrid PV-hydrogen energy-based recharging station in the city of Jamshoro Pakistan to meet the everyday charging needs of plug-in electric vehicles. The concept is Read More

Logistics is becoming more cost competitive while customers and regulatory bodies pressure businesses to disclose their carbon footprints creating interest in alternative fuels as a decarbonization strategy. This paper provides a thematic review of the role of alternative fuels in sustainable air land and sea logistics their challenges and potential mitigations. Through an extensive literature survey we determined that biofuels synthetic kerosene natural gas am Read More

This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic assessment (TEA) of alternative hydrogen supply chain (HSC) pathways with a focus on the conditioning transportation and reconditioning stages. The pathways assessed include compressed hydrogen liquefied hydrogen and ammonia as a hydrogen carrier. A distinctive feature of this study is its consideration of a broad range of operational capacities and transportation distances facility econo Read More

This work presents a comparative novel evaluation of two distinct fuels methanol and hydrogen production and power generation routes via fuel cells. The first route includes the methanol production from direct partial oxidation of methane to methanol where the methanol is condensed stored and sent to a direct methanol fuel cell. The second route is hydrogen production from solar methane cracking (named as turquoise hydrogen) where heat is su Read More