Norway
Petroleum Sector-Driven Roadmap for Future Hydrogen Economy
Nov 2021
Publication
In the climate change mitigation context based on the blue hydrogen concept a narrative frame is presented in this paper to build the argument for solving the energy trilemma which is the possibility of job loss and stranded asset accumulation with a sustainable energy solution in gas- and oil-rich regions especially for the Persian Gulf region. To this aim scientific evidence and multidimensional feasibility analysis have been employed for making the Read More
Hydrogen as a Maritime Fuel–Can Experiences with LNG Be Transferred to Hydrogen Systems?
Jul 2021
Publication
As the use of fossil fuels becomes more and more restricted there is a need for alternative fuels also at sea. For short sea distance travel purposes batteries may be a solution. However for longer distances when there is no possibility of recharging at sea batteries do not have sufficient capacity yet. Several projects have demonstrated the use of compressed hydrogen (CH2) as a fuel for road transport. The experience with hydrogen as a maritime fuel Read More
Decarbonizing China’s Energy System – Modeling the Transformation of the Electricity, Transportation, Heat, and Industrial Sectors
Nov 2019
Publication
Growing prosperity among its population and an inherent increasing demand for energy complicate China’s target of combating climate change while maintaining its economic growth. This paper therefore describes three potential decarbonization pathways to analyze different effects for the electricity transport heating and industrial sectors until 2050. Using an enhanced version of the multi-sectoral open-source Global Energy System Model ena Read More
Pathway to Net Zero Emissions
Oct 2021
Publication
A feasible path to limit planetary warming to 1.5°C requires certain countries and sectors to go below net zero and to do so well before the middle of the century according to new analysis from the authors of the Energy Transition Outlook. DNV’s pathway to net zero says North America and Europe must be carbon neutral by 2042 whereas Indian Subcontinent is set to be a net emitter by 2050 Net zero report says carbon capture storage and use is re Read More
Techno-economic Analysis of Freight Railway Electrification by Overhead Line, Hydrogen and Batteries: Case Studies in Norway and USA
Aug 2019
Publication
Two non-electrified railway lines one in Norway and the other in the USA are analysed for their potential to be electrified with overhead line equipment batteries hydrogen or hydrogen-battery hybrid powertrains. The energy requirements are established with single-train simulations including the altitude profiles of the lines air and rolling resistances and locomotive tractive-effort curves. The composition of the freight trains in terms of the number o Read More
Technologies and Policies to Decarbonize Global Industry: Review and Assessment of Mitigation Drivers Through 2070
Mar 2020
Publication
Jeffrey Rissman,
Chris Bataille,
Eric Masanet,
Nate Aden,
William R. Morrow III,
Nan Zhou,
Neal Elliott,
Rebecca Dell,
Niko Heeren,
Brigitta Huckestein,
Joe Cresko,
Sabbie A. Miller,
Joyashree Roy,
Paul Fennell,
Betty Cremmins,
Thomas Koch Blank,
David Hone,
Ellen D. Williams,
Stephane de la Rue du Can,
Bill Sisson,
Mike Williams,
John Katzenberger,
Dallas Burtraw,
Girish Sethi,
He Ping,
David Danielson,
Hongyou Lu,
Tom Lorber,
Jens Dinkel and
Jonas Helseth
Fully decarbonizing global industry is essential to achieving climate stabilization and reaching net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050–2070 is necessary to limit global warming to 2 °C. This paper assembles and evaluates technical and policy interventions both on the supply side and on the demand side. It identifies measures that employed together can achieve net zero industrial emissions in the required timeframe. Key supply-side technologies incl Read More
Retrofitting Towards a Greener Marine Shipping Future: Reassembling Ship Fuels and Liquefied Natural Gas in Norway
Dec 2021
Publication
The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions has entered regulatory agendas in shipping. In Norway a debate has been ongoing for over a decade about whether liquefied natural gas (LNG) ship fuel enables or impedes the transition to a greener future for shipping. This paper explores the assembling of ship fuel before and after the introduction of a controversial carbon tax on LNG. It reconstructs how changes in the regulatory apparatus prompted the Read More
A CFD Analysis of Liquid Hydrogen Vessel Explosions using the ADREA-HF Code
Sep 2021
Publication
Despite hydrogen is one of the most suitable candidates in replacing fossil fuels its very low densityrepresents a drawback when it is stored. The liquefaction process can increase the hydrogen densityand therefore enhance its storage capacity. The boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion (BLEVE) isa typical accident scenario that must be always considered when liquefied gases are stored. Inparticular BLEVE is a physical explosion with low probabilities Read More
Perspective on the Hydrogen Economy as a Pathway to Reach Net-zero CO2 Emissions in Europe
Jan 2022
Publication
The envisioned role of hydrogen in the energy transition – or the concept of a hydrogen economy – has varied through the years. In the past hydrogen was mainly considered a clean fuel for cars and/or electricity production; but the current renewed interest stems from the versatility of hydrogen in aiding the transition to CO2 neutrality where the capability to tackle emissions from distributed applications and complex industrial processes is of paramoun Read More
Boosting Carbon Efficiency of the Biomass to Liquid Process with Hydrogen from Power: The Effect of H2/CO Ratio to the Fischer-Tropsch Reactors on the Production and Power Consumption
Jun 2019
Publication
Carbon efficiency of a biomass to liquid process can be increased from ca. 30 to more than 90% by adding hydrogen generated from renewable power. The main reason is that in order to increase the H2/CO ratio after gasification to the value required for Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis the water gas shift reaction step can be avoided; instead a reversed water gas shift reactor is introduced to convert produced CO2 to CO. Process simulations are done for a 4 Read More
Carbon-negative Hydrogen from Biomass Using Gas Switching Integrated Gasification: Techno-economic Assessment
Sep 2022
Publication
Ambitious decarbonization pathways to limit the global temperature rise to well below 2 ◦C will require largescale CO2 removal from the atmosphere. One promising avenue for achieving this goal is hydrogen production from biomass with CO2 capture. The present study investigates the techno-economic prospects of a novel biomass-to-hydrogen process configuration based on the gas switching integrated gasification (GSIG) concept. GSIG applies t Read More
An Extensive Review of Liquid Hydrogen in Transportation with Focus on the Maritime Sector
Sep 2022
Publication
The European Green Deal aims to transform the EU into a modern resource-efficient and competitive economy. The REPowerEU plan launched in May 2022 as part of the Green Deal reveals the willingness of several countries to become energy independent and tackle the climate crisis. Therefore the decarbonization of different sectors such as maritime shipping is crucial and may be achieved through sustainable energy. Hydrogen is potentially Read More
Integration Assessment of Turquoise Hydrogen in the European Energy System
Mar 2024
Publication
Turquoise hydrogen from natural gas pyrolysis has recently emerged as a promising alternative for low-carbon hydrogen production with a high-value pure carbon by-product. However the implications of this technology on the broader energy system are not well understood at present. To close this literature gap this study presents an assessment of the integration of natural gas pyrolysis into a simplified European energy system. The energy system model Read More
Simulating Offshore Hydrogen Production via PEM Electrolysis using Real Power Production Data from a 2.3 MW Floating Offshore Wind Turbine
Mar 2023
Publication
This work presents simulation results from a system where offshore wind power is used to produce hydrogen via electrolysis. Real-world data from a 2.3 MW floating offshore wind turbine and electricity price data from Nord Pool were used as input to a novel electrolyzer model. Data from five 31-day periods were combined with six system designs and hydrogen production system efficiency and production cost were estimated. A comparison of the overall sy Read More
Techno-economic Modelling of Zero-emission Marine Transport with Hydrogen Fuel and Superconducting Propulsion System: Case Study of a Passenger Ferry
Mar 2023
Publication
This paper proposes a techno-economic model for a high-speed hydrogen ferry. The model can describe the system properties i.e. energy demand weight and daily operating expenses of the ferry. A novel aspect is the consideration of superconductivity as a measure for cost saving in the setting where liquid hydrogen (LH2) can be both coolant and fuel. We survey different scenarios for a high-speed ferry that could carry 300 passengers. The results sh Read More
Experimental Study of Hydrogen Production Using Electrolyte Nanofluids with a Simulated Light Source
Dec 2021
Publication
In this research we conducted water electrolysis experiments of a carbon black (CB) based sodium sulfate electrolyte using a Hoffman voltameter. The main objective was to investigate hydrogen production in such systems as well as analyse the electrical properties and thermal properties of nanofluids. A halogen lamp mimicking solar energy was used as a radiation source and a group of comparative tests were also conducted with different irradiation area Read More
Blue, Green, and Turquoise Pathways for Minimizing Hydrogen Production Costs from Steam Methane Reforming with CO2 Capture
Nov 2022
Publication
Rising climate change ambitions require large-scale clean hydrogen production in the near term. “Blue” hydrogen from conventional steam methane reforming (SMR) with pre-combustion CO2 capture can fulfil this role. This study therefore presents techno-economic assessments of a range of SMR process configurations to minimize hydrogen production costs. Results showed that pre-combustion capture can avoid up to 80% of CO2 emissions cheapl Read More
Identifying and Analysing Important Model Assumptions: Combining Techno-economic and Political Feasibility of Deep Decarbonisation Pathways in Norway
Mar 2024
Publication
Understanding the political feasibility of transition pathways is a key issue in energy transitions. Policy changes are a significant source of uncertainty in energy system optimisation modelling. Energy system models are nevertheless continuously being updated to reflect policy signals as realistically as possible. Using the concept of transition pathways as a starting point this cross-disciplinary study combines energy system optimization modelling with politi Read More
In the Green? Perceptions of Hydrogen Production Methods Among the Norwegian Public
Feb 2023
Publication
This article presents findings from a representative survey fielded through the Norwegian Citizen Panel examining public perceptions of hydrogen fuel and its different production methods. Although several countries including Norway have strategies to increase the production of hydrogen fuel our results indicate that hydrogen as an energy carrier and its different production methods are still unknown to a large part of the public. A common misunderstandi Read More
Renewable Hydrogen Supply Chains: A Planning Matrix and an Agenda for Future Research
Oct 2022
Publication
Worldwide energy systems are experiencing a transition to more sustainable systems. According to the Hydrogen Roadmap Europe (FCH EU 2019) hydrogen will play an important role in future energy systems due to its ability to support sustainability goals and will account for approximately 13% of the total energy mix in the coming future. Correct hydrogen supply chain (HSC) planning is therefore vital to enable a sustainable transition. However due to the o Read More
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