Spain

Rising climate change ambitions require large-scale clean hydrogen production in the near term. “Blue” hydrogen from conventional steam methane reforming (SMR) with pre-combustion CO2 capture can fulfil this role. This study therefore presents techno-economic assessments of a range of SMR process configurations to minimize hydrogen production costs. Results showed that pre-combustion capture can avoid up to 80% of CO2 emissions cheapl Read More

The world-wide sustainability implications of transport technologies remain unclear because their assessment often relies on metrics that are hard to interpret from a global perspective. To contribute to filling this gap here we apply the concept of planetary boundaries (PBs) i.e. a set of biophysical limits critical for operating the planet safely to address the optimal design of sustainable fuel supply chains (SCs) focusing on hydrogen for vehicle use. B Read More

The fuel-cell electric vehicle (FCEV) has been defined as a promising way to avoid road transport greenhouse emissions but nowadays they are not commercially available. However few studies have attempted to monitor the global scientific research and technological profile of FCEVs. For this reason scientific research and technological development in the field of FCEV from 1999 to 2019 have been researched using bibliometric and patent dat Read More

Alternatives to cope with the challenges of high shares of renewable electricity in power systems have been addressed from different approaches such as energy storage and low-carbon technologies. However no model has previously considered integrating these technologies under stability requirements and different climate conditions. In this study we include this approach to analyse the role of new technologies to decarbonise the power system. The Read More

Commonly used materials constituting the core components of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) including the balance‐of‐plant were classified according to the EU criticality methodology with an additional assessment of hazardousness and price. A life‐cycle assessment (LCA) of the materials potentially present in PEMFC systems was performed for 1  g of each material. To demonstrate the importance of appropriate actions at Read More

A potential method of storing and transporting hydrogen safely in a cost-effective and practical way involves the utilization of molecules that contain hydrogen in their structure such as ammonia. Because of its high hydrogen content and carbon-free molecular structure as well as the maturity of related technology (easy liquefaction) ammonia has gained attention as a “hydrogen carrier” for the generation of energy. Unfortunately hydrogen produ Read More

The achievement of a carbon-free emissions economy is one of the main goals to reduce climate change and its negative effects. Scientists and technological improvements have followed this trend improving efficiency and reducing carbon and other compounds that foment climate change. Since the main contributor of these emissions is transportation detaching this sector from fossil fuels is a necessary step towards an environmentally friendl Read More

Synthetic fuels or e-fuels produced from captured CO2 and renewable hydrogen are envisaged as a feasible path towards a climate-neutral transportation in medium/heavy-duty and maritime sectors. EU is presently debating energy targets by 2030 for these fuels. As their production involves chemical processing of hydrogen it must be evaluated if the extra cost is worthy at least in applications where hydrogen use is possible. This manuscript focuses on the Read More

Solar photovoltaic (PV) plants coupled with storage for domestic self-consumption purposes seem to be a promising technology in the next years as PV costs have decreased significantly and national regulations in many countries promote their installation in order to relax the energy requirements of power distribution grids. However electrochemical storage systems are still unaffordable for many domestic users and thus the advantages of self-consu Read More

The electrification of final energy uses is a key strategy to reach the desired scenario with zero greenhouse gas emissions. Many of them can be electrified with more or less difficulty but there is a part that is difficult to electrify at a competitive cost: heavy road transport maritime and air transport and some industrial processes are some examples. For this reason the possibility of using other energy vectors rather than electricity should be explored. Hy Read More

The member countries of the European Union (EU) have prioritized the incorporation of hydrogen as a key component of their energy objectives. As the world moves towards reducing its dependence on fossil fuels alternative sources of energy have gained prominence. With the growing development of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) the establishment of an infrastructure for hydrogen production and the creation of a network of service stations hav Read More

During a severe accident in a nuclear power plant one of the potential threats to the containment is the occurrence of energetic combustion events. In modern plants Severe Accident Management Guidelines (SAMG) as well as dedicated mitigation hardware are in place to minimize/mitigate this combustion risk and thus avoid the release of radioactive material into the environment. Advancements in SAMGs are in the focus of AMHYCO an EU-funded H Read More

The current need to reduce carbon emissions makes hydrogen use essential for selfconsumption in microgrids. To make a profitability analysis of a microgrid the influence of equipment costs and the electricity price must be known. This paper studies the cost-effective electricity price (EUR/kWh) for a microgrid located at ‘’La Rábida Campus” (University of Huelva south of Spain) for two different energy-management systems (EMSs): hydrogen-priority stra Read More

A main restriction of renewables from intermittent sources is the mismatch between energy resource availability and energy requirements especially when extensive power plants are producing at their highest potential causing huge energy surpluses. In these cases excess power must be stored or curtailed. One alternative is increasing urban solar potential which could be integrated to feed electric buses directly or alternatively through hydrogen (H2 ) as a Read More

The steelmaking industry is responsible for 7% of global CO2 emissions making decarbonization a significant challenge. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current steel-production processes assessing their environmental impact in terms of CO2 emissions at a global level. Limitations of the current pathways are outlined by using objective criteria and a detailed review of the relevant literature. Decarbonization strategies are rigorously evaluat Read More

The increase in the overall global temperature and its subsequent impact on extreme weather events are the most critical consequences of human activity. In this scenario transportation plays a significant role in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which are the main drivers of climate change. The decline of non-renewable energy sources coupled with the aim of reducing GHG emissions from fossil fuels has forced a shift towards a net-zero emissions econo Read More

Diesel generators are currently used as an off-grid solution for backup power but this causes CO2 and GHG emissions noise emissions and the negative effects of the volatile diesel market influencing operating costs. Green hydrogen production by means of water electrolysis has been proposed as a feasible solution to fill the gaps between demand and production the main handicaps of using exclusively renewable energy in isolated applications. This m Read More

The use of renewable energy and hydrogen technology is a sustainable solution for the intermittent feature of renewable energies. Hence the aim of the present work is to design a self-sufficient system for a one-family house by coupling a solar photovoltaic array and an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE). The first step is the selection of the photovoltaic panel by using PV-SYST 7.0 software. Then the hydrogen production syste Read More

This paper aims to analyse two energy storage methods—batteries and hydrogen storage technologies—that in some cases are treated as complementary technologies but in other ones they are considered opposed technologies. A detailed technical description of each technology will allow to understand the evolution of batteries and hydrogen storage technologies: batteries looking for higher energy capacity and lower maintenance while hydrogen sto Read More

"This paper investigates hydrogen storage and refueling technologies that were used in rail vehicles over the past 20 years as well as planned activities as part of demonstration projects or feasibility studies. Presented are details of the currently available technology and its vehicle integration market availability as well as standardization and research and development activities. A total of 80 international studies corporate announcements as well as vehicle Read More

LaNiO3 and LaCoO3 perovskites synthesized by self-combustion were characterised and studied in the ammonia decomposition reaction for obtaining hydrogen. Both the fuel to metal nitrates molar ratio and calcination temperature were found to be crucial to synthesize perovskites by self-combustion. Moreover generating non-precursor species during synthesis and small metal size were two factors which significantly influenced catalytic activity. Read More

Many countries have assigned an indispensable role for carbon capture and storage (CCS) in their national climate change mitigation pathways. However CCS deployment has stalled in most countries with only limited commercial projects realised mainly in hydrocarbon-rich countries for enhanced oil recovery. If the Paris Agreement is to be met then this progress must be replicated widely including hydrocarbon-limited countries. In this study we present a nove Read More

The energy transition's success hinges on the effectiveness to curbing carbon emissions from hard-to-abate sectors. Hydrogen (H2) has been proposed as the candidate vector that could be used to replace fossils in such energy-intensive industries. Despite green H2 via solar-powered water electrolysis being a reality today the overall defossilization of the hard-to-abate sectors by electrolytic H2 would be unfeasible as it relies on the availability of renewab Read More

The agro-livestock sector produces about one third of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Since more energy is needed to meet the growing demand for food and the industrial revolution in agriculture renewable energy sources could improve access to energy resources and energy security reduce dependence on fossil fuels and reduce GHG emissions. Hydrogen production is a promising energy technology but its deployment in the global ene Read More

This paper presents an economic impact analysis and carbon footprint study of a hydrogenbased microgrid. The economic impact is evaluated with respect to investment costs operation and maintenance (O&M) costs as well as savings taking into account two different energy management strategies (EMSs): a hydrogen-based priority strategy and a battery-based priority strategy. The research was carried out in a real microgrid located at the University o Read More