Germany

In the frame of the EC-funded project PRESLHY ten experiments on LH2-pool evaporation above four different substrates have been performed with the POOL-facility on a free field test site. Substrates to be investigated comprised concrete sand water and gravel. Four of the experiments were made with artificial side wind of known direction and known velocity to investigate the influence of side wind on hydrogen evaporation and cloud formation a Read More

This paper describes a model of hydrogen blowdown dynamics for storage tanks needed for hydrogen safety engineering to accurately represent incident scenarios. Heat transfer through a tank wall affects the temperature and pressure dynamics inside the storage vessel and therefore the characteristics of the resulting hydrogen jet in case of loss of containment. Available non-adiabatic blowdown models are validated only against experiments on hydrog Read More

Hydrogen energy is recognized by many European governments as an important part of the development to achieve a more sustainable energy infrastructure. Great efforts are spent to build up a hydrogen supply chain to support the increasing number of hydrogen-powered vehicles. Naturally these vehicles will use the common traffic infrastructure. Thus it has to be ensured these infrastructures are capable to withstand the hazards and assoc Read More

This paper analyses different levels and means of the electrification of space and hot water heating using an explorative modelling approach. The analysis provides guidance to the ongoing discussion on favourable pathways for heating buildings and the role of secondary energy carriers such as hydrogen or synthetic fuels. In total 12 different scenarios were modelled with decarbonisation pathways until 2050 which cover all 27 member states of the Eu Read More

Among the different hydrogen premixed combustion concepts direct injection (DI) is one of the most promising for internal combustion engine (ICE) applications. However to fully exploit the benefits of this solution the optimization of the mixture preparation process is a crucial factor. In the present work a study of the hydrogenair mixture formation process in a DI H2-ICE for off-road applications was performed through 3D-CFD simulations. First a sen Read More

Electrolytic hydrogen produced using renewable electricity can help lower carbon dioxide emissions in sectors where feedstocks reducing agents dense fuels or high temperatures are required. This study investigates the implications of various standards being proposed to certify that the grid electricity used is renewable. The standards vary in how strictly they match the renewable generation to the electrolyser demand in time and space. Using an energ Read More

Despite uncertainties surrounding the hydrogen economy’s emergence in terms of technological innovation production storage and transport policy and regulation economic viability and environmental impact coun tries worldwide actively pursue initiatives to engage in this critical energy transition. Politicians analysts and global experts see ‘clean’ hydrogen as the ultimate solution for addressing the climate crisis. This optimism is shared by several majo Read More

In recent years production and supply of hydrogen has gained significant attention within the German energy transition. This is due to increasingly urgent pressures to mitigate climate change and geopolitical imperatives to substitute natural gas. Hydrogen is seen as an important cross-sectoral energy carrier serving multiple functions including heat production for industry and households fuel for transportation and energy storage for stabilization of elec Read More

Future power systems in which generation will come almost entirely from variable Renewable Energy Sources (vRES) will be characterized by weather-driven supply and flexible demand. In a simulation of the future Dutch power system we analyze whether there are sufficient incentives for market-driven investors to provide a sufficient level of security of supply considering the profit-seeking and myopic behavior of investors. We cosimulate two agent-based Read More

The flammable hydrogen-blended methane–air and natural gas–air mixtures raise specific safety and environmental issues in the industry and transportation; therefore their explosion characteristics such as the explosion limits explosion pressures and rates of pressure rise have significant importance from a safety point of view. At the same time the laminar burning velocities are the most useful parameters for practical applications and in basic studies for the Read More