China, People’s Republic

In the context of the current serious problems related to energy demand and climate change substantial progress has been made in developing a sustainable energy system. Electrochemical hydrogen–water conversion is an ideal energy system that can produce fuels via sustainable fossil-free pathways. However the energy conversion efficiency of two functioning technologies in this energy system—namely water electrolysis and the fuel cell—still has great scope for improvement. This review analyzes the energy dissipation of water electrolysis and the fuel cell in the hydrogen–water energy system and discusses the key barriers in the hydrogen- and oxygen-involving reactions that occur on the catalyst surface. By means of the scaling relations between reactive intermediates and their apparent catalytic performance this article summarizes the frameworks of the catalytic activity trends providing insights into the design of highly active electrocatalysts for the involved reactions. A series of structural engineering methodologies (including nanoarchitecture facet engineering polymorph engineering amorphization defect engineering element doping interface engineering and alloying) and their applications based on catalytic performance are then introduced with an emphasis on the rational guidance from previous theoretical and experimental studies. The key scientific problems in the electrochemical hydrogen–water conversion system are outlined and future directions are proposed for developing advanced catalysts for technologies with high energy-conversion efficiency.

Photocatalytic hydrogen generation is one of the most promising solutions to convert solar power into green chemical energy. In this work a multi-component TiO₂–Ag–Cu₂O composite was obtained through simple impregnation-calcination of Cu₂O and subsequent photodeposition of Ag onto electrospun TiO₂ nanotubes. The resulting TiO₂–Ag–Cu₂O photocatalyst exhibits excellent photocatalytic H₂ evolution activity due to the synergetic effect of Ag and Cu₂O on electrospun TiO₂nanotubes. A dual Z-scheme charge transfer pathway for photocatalytic reactions over TiO₂–Ag–Cu₂O composite was proposed and discussed. This work provides a prototype for designing Z-scheme photocatalyst with Ag as an electron mediator.

Globally the accelerating use of renewable energy sources enabled by increased efficiencies and reduced costs and driven by the need to mitigate the effects of climate change has significantly increased research in the areas of renewable energy production storage distribution and end-use. Central to this discussion is the use of hydrogen as a clean efficient energy vector for energy storage. This review by experts of Task 32 “Hydrogen-based Energy Storage” of the International Energy Agency Hydrogen TCP reports on the development over the last 6 years of hydrogen storage materials methods and techniques including electrochemical and thermal storage systems. An overview is given on the background to the various methods the current state of development and the future prospects. The following areas are covered; porous materials liquid hydrogen carriers complex hydrides intermetallic hydrides electro-chemical storage of energy thermal energy storage hydrogen energy systems and an outlook is presented for future prospects and research on hydrogen-based energy storage

Given the limited sources of fossil fuels mankind should find new ways to meet its energy demands. In this regard geothermal and solar energy are acknowledged as reliable safe promising and clean means for this purpose. In this research study a comparative analysis is applied on geothermal and solar-driven multi-generation systems for clean electricity and hydrogen production through energy and exergy assessments. The system consists of an organic Rankine cycle a proton electrolyte membrane electrolyzer and a thermoelectric generator subsystem. The Engineering Equation Solver software has been utilized in order to model the system and obtain the output contours sensitivity analysis and exergy destruction. The results were calculated considering the ambient temperature of Bandar Abbas city as a case study considering the geothermal system due to better performance in comparison to the solar system. According to the sensitivity analysis the turbine efficiency evaporator inlet temperature thermoelectric generator suitability criterion pump efficiency and evaporator inlet mass flow rate are the most influential parameters. Also the exergy analysis showed that the utmost system's exergy destruction is pertinent to the evaporator and the least is related to the pump. In addition the system produces 352816 kWh and 174.913 kg of electrical power and hydrogen during one year.

With the increase of the requirement for the economy of vehicles and the strengthening of the concept of environmental protection the development of future vehicles will develop in the direction of high efficiency and cleanliness and the current power system of vehicles based on traditional fossil fuels will gradually transition to hybrid power. As an essential technological direction for new energy vehicles the development of fuel cell passenger vehicles is of great significance in reducing transportation carbon emissions stabilizing energy supply and maintaining the sustainable development of the automotive industry. To study the fuel economy of a passenger car with the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) during the operating phase two typical PEMFC passenger cars test vehicles A and B were compared and analyzed. The hydrogen consumption and hydrogen emission under two operating conditions namely the different steady-state power and the Chinese Vehicle Driving Conditions-Passenger Car cycle were tested. The test results show the actual hydrogen consumption rates of vehicle A and vehicle B are 9.77 g/kM and 8.28 g/kM respectively. The average hydrogen emission rates for vehicle A and vehicle B are 1.56 g/(kW·h) and 5.40 g/(kW·h) respectively. By comparing the hydrogen purge valve opening time ratio the differences between test vehicles A and B in control strategy hydrogen consumption and emission rate are analyzed. This study will provide reference data for China to study the economics of the operational phase of PEMFC vehicles.

Type IV hydrogen storage tanks play an important role in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) due to their superiority of lightweight good corrosion and fatigue resistance. It is planned to be used between -40℃ and 85℃ at which the polymer liner may have a degradation of mechanical properties and buckling collapse. This demand a good performance of liner materials in that temperature range. In this article the temperature effect on mechanical properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) liner material including specimens with weld seam was investigated via the stress-strain curve (S-S curve) macroscopic and microscopic morphology. Considering that the mechanical properties will change after the liner molding process this test takes samples directly from the liner. Results show that the tensile strength and tensile modulus increased by 2.46 times and 10.6 times respectively with the decrease of temperature especially in the range from 50℃ to -90℃. For the elongation at break and work of fracture they do not monotonously increase with the temperature up. Both of them reduce when the temperature rises from 20°C to 50°C especially for the work of fracture decreasing by 63%. The weld seam weakens the mechanical properties and the elongation at break and work of fracture are more obvious which are greater than 40% at each temperature. In addition the SEM images indicate that the morphology of fracture surface at -90°C is different from that at other temperatures which is a sufficient evidence of toughness reducing in low temperature.

To address the issue of imbalanced electricity and hydrogen supply and demand in the flexible multi-energy port area system a multi-regional operational optimization and energy storage capacity allocation strategy considering the working status of flexible multi-status switches is proposed. Firstly based on the characteristics of the port area system models for system operating costs generation equipment energy storage devices flexible multi-status switches and others are established. Secondly the system is subjected to a first-stage optimization where different regions are optimized individually. The working periods of flexible multi-status switches are determined based on the results of this first-stage optimization targeting the minimization of the overall daily operating costs while ensuring 100% integration of renewable energy in periods with electricity supply-demand imbalances. Subsequently additional constraints are imposed based on the results of the first-stage optimization to optimize the entire system obtaining power allocation during system operation as well as power and capacity requirements for energy storage devices and flexible multi-status switches. Finally the proposed approach is validated through simulation examples demonstrating its advantages in terms of economic efficiency reduced power and capacity requirements for energy storage devices and carbon reduction.

The aim of this paper is the design and implementation of an advanced model predictive control (MPC) strategy for the management of a wind–solar microgrid (MG) both in the islanded and grid-connected modes. The MG includes energy storage systems (ESSs) and interacts with external hydrogen and electricity consumers as an extra feature. The system participates in two different electricity markets i.e. the daily and real-time markets characterized by different time-scales. Thus a high-layer control (HLC) and a low-layer control (LLC) are developed for the daily market and the real-time market respectively. The sporadic characteristics of renewable energy sources and the variations in load demand are also briefly discussed by proposing a controller based on the stochastic MPC approach. Numerical simulations with real wind and solar generation profiles and spot prices show that the proposed controller optimally manages the ESSs even when there is a deviation between the predicted scenario determined at the HLC and the real-time one managed by the LLC. Finally the strategy is tested on a lab-scale MG set up at Khalifa University Abu Dhabi UAE.

A novel multi-objective robust optimization model of an integrated energy system with hydrogen storage (HIES) considering source–load uncertainty is proposed to promote the low-carbon economy operation of the integrated energy system of a park. Firstly the lowest total system cost and carbon emissions are selected as the multi-objective optimization functions. The Pareto front solution set of the objective function is applied by compromise planning and the optimal solution among them is obtained by the maximum–minimum fuzzy method. Furthermore the robust optimization (RO) approach is introduced to cope with the source–load uncertainty effectively. Finally it is demonstrated that the illustrated HIES can significantly reduce the total system cost carbon emissions and abandoned wind and solar power. Meanwhile the effectiveness of the proposed model and solution method is verified by analyzing the influence of multi-objective solutions and a robust coefficient on the Chongli Demonstration Project in Hebei Province.

Blending hydrogen with natural gas (NG) is an efficient method for transporting hydrogen on a large scale at a low cost. The manifold at the NG initial station is an important piece of equipment that enables the blending of hydrogen with NG. However there are differences in the components and component contents of imported NG from different countries. The components of hydrogen-blended NG can affect the safety and efficiency of transportation through pipeline systems. Therefore numerical simulations were performed to investigate the blending process and changes in the thermodynamic properties of four imported NGs and hydrogen in the manifold. The higher the heavy hydrocarbon content in the imported NG the longer the distance required for the gas to mix uniformly with hydrogen in the pipeline. Hydrogen blending reduces the temperature and density of NG. The gas composition is the main factor affecting the molar calorific value of a gas mixture and hydrogen blending reduces the molar calorific value of NG. The larger the content of high-molar calorific components in the imported NG the higher the molar calorific value of the gas after hydrogen blending. Increasing both the temperature and hydrogen mixing ratio reduces the Joule-Thomson coefficient of the hydrogen-blended NG. The results of this study provide technical references for the transport of hydrogen-blended NG.

Hydrogen production modules (HPMs) play a crucial role in harnessing abundant photovoltaic power by producing and supplying hydrogen to factories resulting in significant operational cost reductions and efficient utilization of the photovoltaic panel output. However the output of photovoltaic power is stochastic which will affect the revenue of investing in an HPM. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of HPMs starting with the modeling of their operational process and investigating their influence on distribution system operations. Building upon these discussions a deterministic optimization model is established to address the corresponding challenges. Furthermore a two-stage stochastic planning model is proposed to determine optimal locations and sizes of HPMs in distribution systems accounting for uncertainties. The objective of the twostage stochastic planning model is to minimize the distribution system’s operational costs plus the investment costs of the HPM subject to power flow constraints. To tackle the stochastic nature of photovoltaic power a data-driven algorithm is introduced to cluster historical data into representative scenarios effectively reducing the planning model’s scale. To ensure an efficient solution a Benders’ decomposition-based algorithm is proposed which is an iterative method with a fast convergence speed. The proposed model and algorithms are validated using a widely utilized IEEE 33-bus system through numerical experiments demonstrating the optimality of the HPM plan generated by the algorithm. The proposed model and algorithms offer an effective approach for decision-makers in managing uncertainties and optimizing HPM deployment paving the way for sustainable and efficient energy solutions in distribution systems. Sensitivity analysis verifies the optimality of the HPM’s siting and sizing obtained by the proposed algorithm which also reveals immense economic and environmental benefits.

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) represent an important breakthrough in the hydrogen energy industry. The safe utilization of hydrogen is critical for the sustainable and healthy development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. In this study risk factors and preventive measures are proposed for on-board hydrogen systems during the process of transportation storage and use of fuel cell vehicles. The relevant hydrogen safety standards in China are also analyzed and suggestions involving four safety strategies and three safety standards are proposed.

In this paper a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was established and verified on the basis of experimental results and then the effect of hydrogenation addition on combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel–hydrogen dual-fuel engine fueled with hydrogenation addition (0% 5% and 10%) under different hydrogenation energy shares (HESs) and compression ratios (CRs) were investigated using CONVERGE3.0 software. And this work assumed that the hydrogen and air were premixed uniformly. The correctness of the simulation model was verified by experimental data. The values of HES are in the range of 0% 5% 10% and 15%. And the values of CR are in the range of 14 16 18 and 20. The results of this study showed that the addition of hydrogen to diesel fuel has a significant effect on the combustion characteristics and the emission characteristics of diesel engines. When the HES was 15% the in-cylinder pressure increased by 10.54%. The in-cylinder temperature increased by 15.11%. When the CR was 20 the in-cylinder pressure and the in-cylinder temperature increased by 66.10% and 13.09% respectively. In all cases HC CO CO2 and soot emissions decreased as the HES increased. But NOx emission increased.

Optimized operation of wind/hydrogen systems can increase the system efficiency and further reduce the hydrogen production cost. In this regard extensive research has been done but there is a lack of detailed electrolyzer models and effective management of multiple electrolyzers considering their physical restrictions. This work proposes electrolyzer models that integrate the efficiency variation caused by load level change start–stop cycle (including hot and cold start) thermal management and degradation caused by frequent starts. Based on the proposed models three operational strategies are considered in this paper: two traditionally utilized methods simple start–stop and cycle rotation strategies and a newly proposed rolling optimizationbased strategy. The results from daily operation show that the new strategy results in a more balanced load level among the electrolyzers and a more stable temperature. Besides from a yearly operation perspective it is found that the proposed rolling optimization method results in more hydrogen production higher system efficiency and lower LCOH. The new method leads to hydrogen production of 311297 kg compared to 289278 kg and 303758 kg for simple start–stop and cycle rotation methods. Correspondingly the system efficiencies for the new simple start–stop and cycle rotation methods are 0.613 0.572 and 0.587. The resulting LCOH from the new method is 3.89 e/kg decreasing by 0.35 e/kg and 0.21 e/kg compared to the simple start–stop and cycle rotation methods. Finally the proposed model is compared with two conventional models to show its effectiveness in revealing more operational details and reliable results.

Green hydrogen generation driven by solar-wind hybrid power is a key strategy for obtaining the low-carbon energy while by considering the fluctuation natures of solar-wind energy resource the system capacity configuration of power generation hydrogen production and essential storage devices need to be comprehensively optimized. In this work a solar-wind hybrid green hydrogen production system is developed by combining the hydrogen storage equipment with the power grid the coordinated operation strategy of solar-wind hybrid hydrogen production is proposed furthermore the NSGA-III algorithm is used to optimize the system capacity configuration with the comprehensive performance criteria of economy environment and energy efficiency. Through the implemented case study with the hydrogen production capacity of 20000 tons/year the abandoned energy power rate will be reduced to 3.32% with the electrolytic cell average load factor of 64.77% and the system achieves the remarkable carbon emission reduction. In addition with the advantage of connect to the power grid the generated surplus solar/wind power can be readily transmitted with addition income when the sale price of produced hydrogen is suggested to 27.80 CNY/kgH2 the internal rate of return of the system reaches to 8% which present the reasonable economic potential. The research provides technical and methodological suggestions and guidance for the development of solar-wind hybrid hydrogen production schemes with favorable comprehensive performance.

Liquid hydrogen is one of the high-quality energy carriers but a large leak of liquid hydrogen can pose significant safety risks. Understanding its diffusion law after accidental leakage is an important issue for the safe utilization of hydrogen energy. In this paper a series of open-space large-volume liquid hydrogen release experiments are performed to observe the evolution of visible clouds during the release and an array of hydrogen concentration sensors is set up to monitor the fluctuation in hydrogen concentration at different locations. Based on the experimental conditions the diffusion of hydrogen clouds in the atmosphere under different release hole diameters and different ground materials is compared. The results show that with the release of liquid hydrogen the white visible cloud formed by air condensation or solidification is generated rapidly and spread widely and the visible cloud is most obvious near the ground. With the termination of liquid hydrogen release solid air is deposited on the ground and the visible clouds gradually shrink from the far field to the release source. Hydrogen concentration fluctuations in the far field in the case of the cobblestone ground are more dependent on spontaneous diffusion by the hydrogen concentration gradient. In addition compared with the concrete ground the cobblestone ground has greater resistance to liquid hydrogen extension; the diffusion of hydrogen clouds to the far field lags. The rapid increase stage of hydrogen concentration at N8 in Test 7 lags about 3 s behind N12 in Test 6 N3 lags about 7.5 s behind N1 and N16 lags about 8.25 s behind N14. The near-source space is prone to high-concentration hydrogen clouds. The duration of the high-concentration hydrogen cloud at N12 is about 15 s which is twice as long as the duration at N8 increasing the safety risk of the near-source space.

Because of the pressure to meet carbon neutrality targets carbon reduction has become a challenge for fossil fuel resource-based regions. Even though China has become the most active country in carbon reduction its extensive energy supply and security demand make it difficult to turn away from its dependence on coal-based fossil energy. This paper analyzes the Chinese coal capital—Shanxi Province—to determine whether the green low-carbon energy transition should be focused on coal resource areas. In these locations the selection and effect of transition tools are key to ensuring that China meets its carbon reduction goal. Due to the time window of clean coal utilization the pressure of local governments and the survival demands of local high energy consuming enterprises Shanxi Province chose hydrogen as its important transition tool. A path for developing hydrogen resources has been established through lobbying and corporative influence on local and provincial governments. Based on such policy guidance Shanxi has realized hydrogen applications in large-scale industrial parks regional public transport and the iron and steel industry. This paper distinguishes between the development strategies of gray and green hydrogen. It shows that hydrogen can be an effective development model for resource-based regions as it balances economic stability and energy transition.

In the context of “dual carbon” restrictions on carbon emissions have aĴracted widespread aĴention from researchers. In order to solve the issue of the insufficient exploration of the synergistic emission reduction effects of various low-carbon policies and technologies applied to multiple microgrids we propose a multi-microgrid electricity cooperation optimization scheduling strategy based on stepped carbon trading a hydrogen-doped natural gas system and P2G–CCS coupled operation. Firstly a multi-energy microgrid model is developed coupled with hydrogendoped natural gas system and P2G–CCS and then carbon trading and a carbon emission restriction mechanism are introduced. Based on this a model for multi-microgrid electricity cooperation is established. Secondly design optimization strategies for solving the model are divided into the dayahead stage and the intraday stage. In the day-ahead stage an improved alternating direction multiplier method is used to distribute the model to minimize the cooperative costs of multiple microgrids. In the intraday stage based on the day-ahead scheduling results an intraday scheduling model is established and a rolling optimization strategy to adjust the output of microgrid equipment and energy purchases is adopted which reduces the impact of uncertainties in new energy output and load forecasting and improves the economic and low-carbon operation of multiple microgrids. SeĴing up different scenarios for experimental validation demonstrates the effectiveness of the introduced low-carbon policies and technologies as well as the effectiveness of their synergistic interaction

To solve the problems of low utilization of biomass and uncertainty and intermittency of wind power (WP) in rural winter an interval optimization model of a rural integrated energy system with biogas fermentation and electrolytic hydrogen production is constructed in this paper. Firstly a biogas fermentation kinetic model and a biogas hydrogen blending model are developed. Secondly the interval number is used to describe the uncertainty of WP and an interval optimization scheduling model is developed to minimize daily operating cost. Finally a rural integrated energy system in Northeast China is taken as an example and a sensitivity analysis of electricity price gas production and biomass price is conducted. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can significantly reduce the wind abandonment rate and improve the economy by 3.8–22.3% compared with conventional energy storage under optimal dispatch.

A direct drive wave power generation system (DDWPGS) has the advantages of a simple structure and easy deployment and is the first choice to provide electricity for islands and operation platforms in the deep sea. However due to the off-grid the source and load cannot be matched so accommodation is an important issue. Hydrogen storage is the optimal choice for offshore wave energy accommodation. Therefore aiming at the source-load mismatch problem of the DDWPGS an electric-hydrogen hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for the DDWPGS is designed in this paper. Based on the characteristics of the devices in the electric-hydrogen HESS a new dynamic power allocation strategy and its control strategy are proposed. Firstly empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is utilized to allocate the power fluctuations that need to be stabilized. Secondly with the state of charge (SOC) of the battery and the operating characteristics of the alkaline electrolyzer being considered the power assignments of the battery and the electrolyzer are determined using the rule-based method. In addition model predictive control (MPC) with good tracking performance is used to adjust the output power of the battery and electrolyzer. Finally the supercapacitor (SC) is controlled to maintain the DC bus voltage while also balancing the system’s power. A simulation was established to verify the feasibility of the designed system. The results show that the electric-hydrogen HESS can stabilize the power fluctuations dynamically when the DDWPGS captures instantaneous power. Moreover its control strategy can not only reduce the start-stop times of the alkaline electrolyzer but also help the energy storage devices to maintain a good state and extend the service life.

This study proposes a multitype electrolytic collaborative hydrogen production model for optimizing the capacity configuration of renewable energy off grid hydrogen production systems. The electrolytic hydrogen production process utilizes the synergistic electrolysis of an alkaline electrolyzer (AEL) and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL) fully leveraging the advantages of the low cost of the AEL and strong regulation characteristics of the PEMEL. For the convenience of the optimization solution the article constructs a mixed linear optimization model that considers the constraints during system operation with the objective function of minimizing total costs while meeting industrial production requirements. Gurobi is used for the optimal solution to obtain the optimal configuration of a renewable energy off grid hydrogen production system. By comparing and analyzing the optimal configuration under conventional load and high-load conditions it is concluded that collaborative electrolysis has advantages in improving resource consumption and reducing hydrogen production costs. This is of great significance for optimizing the capacity configuration of off grid hydrogen production systems and improving the overall economic benefits of the system.

Utilizing renewable energy sources (RESs) such as wind and solar to convert electrical energy into hydrogen energy can promote the accommodation of green electricity. This paper proposes an optimal capacity planning approach for an industrial electricity-hydrogen multi-energy system (EHMES) aimed to achieve the local utilization of RES and facilitate the transition to carbon reduction in industrial settings. The proposed approach models the EHMES equipment in detail and divides the system’s investment and operation into producer and consumer sides with energy trading for effective integration. Through this effort the specialized management for different operators and seamless incorporation of RES into industrial users can be achieved. In addition the variations in investment and operating costs of equipment across different installed capacities are considered to ensure a practical alignment with real-world scenarios. By conducting a detailed case study the influence of various factors on the capacity configuration outcomes within an EHMES is analyzed. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively address the capacity configuration of equipment within EHMES based on the local accommodation of RES and variable unit cost sequence. Wind power serves as the primary source of green electricity in the system. Energy storage acts as crucial equipment for enhancing the utilization rate of RES.

In the process of building a new power system with new energy sources as the mainstay wind power and photovoltaic energy enter the multiplication stage with randomness and uncertainty and the foundation and support role of large-scale long-time energy storage is highlighted. Considering the advantages of hydrogen energy storage in large-scale cross-seasonal and cross-regional aspects the necessity feasibility and economy of hydrogen energy participation in long-time energy storage under the new power system are discussed. Firstly power supply and demand production simulations were carried out based on the characteristics of new energy generation in China. When the penetration of new energy sources in the new power system reaches 45% long-term energy storage becomes an essential regulation tool. Secondly by comparing the storage duration storage scale and application scenarios of various energy storage technologies it was determined that hydrogen storage is the most preferable choice to participate in large-scale and long-term energy storage. Three long-time hydrogen storage methods are screened out from numerous hydrogen storage technologies including salt-cavern hydrogen storage natural gas blending and solid-state hydrogen storage. Finally by analyzing the development status and economy of the above three types of hydrogen storage technologies and based on the geographical characteristics and resource endowment of China it is pointed out that China will form a hydrogen storage system of “solid state hydrogen storage above ground and salt cavern storage underground” in the future.

Reactor structure design plays an important role in the performance of solar-thermal methane reforming reactors. Based on a conventional preheating reactor this study proposed a cylindrical solar methane reforming reactor with multiple inlets to vary the temperature field distribution which improved the temperature of the reaction region in the reactor thereby improving the reactor performance. A multi-physical model that considers mass momentum species and energy conservation as well as thermochemical reaction kinetics of methane reforming was applied to numerically investigate the reactor performance and analyze the factors that affect performance improvement. It was found that compared with a conventional preheating reactor the proposed cylindrical reactor with inner and external inlets for gas feeding enhanced heat recovery from the exhausted gas and provided a more suitable temperature field for the reaction in the reactor. Under different operating conditions the methane conversion in the cylindrical reactor with multi-inlet increased by 9.5% to 19.1% and the hydrogen production was enhanced by 12.1% to 40.3% in comparison with the conventional design even though the total reaction catalyst volume was reduced.

With the goal of achieving “carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060” as clearly proposed by China the transportation sector will face long–term pressure on carbon emissions and the application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will usher in a rapid growth period. However true “zero carbon” emissions cannot be separated from “green hydrogen”. Therefore it is of practical significance to explore the feasibility of renewable energy hydrogen production in the context of hydrogen refueling stations especially photovoltaic hydrogen production which is applied to hydrogen refueling stations (hereinafter referred to “photovoltaic hydrogen refueling stations”). This paper takes a hydrogen refueling station in Shanghai with a supply capacity of 500 kg/day as the research object. Based on a characteristic analysis of the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station throughout the day this paper studies and analyzes the system configuration operation strategy environmental effects and economics of the photovoltaic hydrogen refueling station. It is estimated that when the hydrogen price is no less than 6.23 USD the photovoltaic hydrogen refueling station has good economic benefits. Additionally compared with the conventional hydrogen refueling station it can reduce carbon emissions by approximately 1237.28 tons per year with good environmental benefits.