Austria
Sustainable Hydrogen Society - Vision, Findings and Development of a Hydrogen Economy Using the Example of Austria
Oct 2021
Publication
Based on technical environmental economic and social facts and recent findings the feasibility of the transition from our current fossil age to the new green age is analyzed in detail at both global and local level. To avert the threats of health problems environmental pollution and climate change to our quality and standard of life a twofold radical paradigm shift is outlined: Green Energy Revolution means the complete change from fossil-based to green prim Read More
Addressing H-Material Interaction in Fast Diffusion Materials—A Feasibility Study on a Complex Phase Steel
Oct 2020
Publication
Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is one of the main limitations in the use of advanced high-strength steels in the automotive industry. To have a better understanding of the interaction between hydrogen (H) and a complex phase steel an in-situ method with plasma charging was applied in order to provide continuous H supply during mechanical testing in order to avoid H outgassing. For such fast-H diffusion materials only direct observation during in- Read More
Accelerated Degradation for Solid Oxide Electrolysers: Analysis and Prediction of Performance for Varying Operating Environments
Jan 2022
Publication
Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) are an efficient technology for the production of green hydrogen that has great potential to contribute to the energy transition and decarbonization of industry. To date however time- and resource-intensive experimental campaigns slow down the development and market penetration of the technology. In order to speed-up the evaluation of SOEC performance and durability accelerated testing protocols are required. Read More
Hydrogen Uptake and Embrittlement of Carbon Steels in Various Environments
Aug 2020
Publication
To avoid failures due to hydrogen embrittlement it is important to know the amount of hydrogen absorbed by certain steel grades under service conditions. When a critical hydrogen content is reached the material properties begin to deteriorate. The hydrogen uptake and embrittlement of three different carbon steels (API 5CT L80 Type 1 P110 and 42CrMo4) was investigated in autoclave tests with hydrogen gas (H2) at elevated pressure and in ambient pr Read More
Safety Demands for Automotive Hydrogen Storage Systems
Sep 2005
Publication
Fuel storage systems for vehicles require a fail-safe design strategy. In case of system failures or accidents the control electronics have to switch the system into a safe operation mode. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) or Failure Tree Analysis (FTA) are performed already in the early design phase in order to minimize the risk of design failures in the fuel storage system. Currently the specifications of requirements for pressurized and liquid hydrogen fue Read More
High-pressure Hydrogen Production with Inherent Sequestration of a Pure Carbon Dioxide Stream Via Fixed Bed Chemical Looping
Feb 2019
Publication
The proof of concept for the production of pure pressurized hydrogen from hydrocarbons in combination with the sequestration of a pure stream of carbon dioxide with the reformer steam iron cycle is presented. The iron oxide based oxygen carrier (95% Fe2O3 5% Al2O3) is reduced with syngas and oxidized with steam at 1023 K. The carbon dioxide separation is achieved via partial reduction of the oxygen carrier from Fe2O3 to Fe3O4 yielding thermodyna Read More
Recent Advancements in Chemical Looping Water Splitting for the Production of Hydrogen
Oct 2016
Publication
Chemical looping water splitting or chemical looping hydrogen is a very promising technology for the production of hydrogen. In recent years extensive research has enabled remarkable leaps towards a successful integration of the chemical looping technology into a future hydrogen infrastructure. Progress has been reported with iron based oxygen carriers for stable hydrogen production capacity over consecutive cycles without significant signs of de Read More
Critical Review of Models for H2-permeation Through Polymers with Focus on the Differential Pressure Method
May 2021
Publication
To reduce loss of hydrogen in storage vessels with high energy-to-weight-ratio new materials especially polymers have to be developed as barrier materials. Very established methods for characterization of barrier materials with permeation measurements are the time-lag and flow rate method along with the differential pressure method which resembles the nature of hydrogen vessel systems very well. Long measurement durations are necessary to gai Read More
Prospects of Enhancing the Understanding of Material-hydrogen Interaction by Novel In-situ and In-operando Methods
Jan 2022
Publication
A main scientific and technical challenge facing the implementation of new and sustainable energy sources is the development and improvement of materials and components. In order to provide commercial viability of these applications an intensive research in material-hydrogen (H) interaction is required. This work provides an overview of recently developed in-situ and in-operando H-charging methods and their applicability to investigate Read More
Decarbonization of Australia’s Energy System: Integrated Modelling of the Transformation of Electricity, Transportation, and Industrial Sectors
Jul 2020
Publication
To achieve the Paris Agreement’s long-term temperature goal current energy systems must be transformed. Australia represents an interesting case for energy system transformation modelling: with a power system dominated by fossil fuels and specifically with a heavy coal component there is at the same time a vast potential for expansion and use of renewables. We used the multi-sectoral Australian Energy Modelling System (AUSeMOSYS) to perfor Read More
Asymmetric Solvation of the Zinc Dimer Cation Revealed by Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation Spectroscopy of Zn2+(H2O)n (n = 1–20)
Jun 2021
Publication
Investigating metal-ion solvation—in particular the fundamental binding interactions—enhances the understanding of many processes including hydrogen production via catalysis at metal centers and metal corrosion. Infrared spectra of the hydrated zinc dimer (Zn2+(H2O)n; n = 1–20) were measured in the O–H stretching region using infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy. These spectra were then compared with those calculated by Read More
Porosity and Thickness Effect of Pd–Cu–Si Metallic Glasses on Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production and Storage
Aug 2021
Publication
This contribution places emphasis on tuning pore architecture and film thickness of mesoporous Pd–Cu–Si thin films sputtered on Si/SiO2 substrates for enhanced electrocatalytic and hydrogen sorption/desorption activity and their comparison with the state-of-the-art thin film electrocatalysts. Small Tafel slope of 43 mV dec–1 for 1250 nm thick coatings with 2 µm diameter pores with 4.2 µm interspacing (H2) electrocatalyst with comparable hydrogen ov Read More
Constrained Extended Kalman Filter Design and Application for On-line State Estimation of High-order Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Systems
Jun 2021
Publication
In this paper an alternative approach to extended Kalman filtering (EKF) for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (FC) systems is proposed. The goal is to obtain robust real-time capable state estimations of a high-order FC model for observer applications mixed with control or fault detection. The introduced formulation resolves dependencies on operating conditions by successive linearization and constraints allowing to run the nonlinear FC model at si Read More
Energy Management of Heavy-duty Fuel Cell Vehicles in Real-world Driving Scenarios: Robust Design of Strategies to Maximize the Hydrogen Economy and System Lifetime
Feb 2021
Publication
Energy management is a critical issue for the advancement of fuel cell vehicles because it significantly influences their hydrogen economy and lifetime. This paper offers a comprehensive investigation of the energy management of heavy-duty fuel cell vehicles for road freight transportation. An important and unique contribution of this study is the development of an extensive and realistic representation of the vehicle operation which includes 1750 hour Read More
Scenarios to Decarbonize Austria’s Energy Consumption and the Role of Underground Hydrogen Storage
May 2022
Publication
The European Union is aiming at reaching greenhouse gas (GHG) emission neutrality in 2050. Austria’s current greenhouse gas emissions are 80 million t/year. Renewable Energy (REN) contributes 32% to Austria’s total energy consumption. To decarbonize energy consumption a substantial increase in energy generation from renewable energy is required. This increase will add to the seasonality of energy supply and amplifies the seasonality in energy d Read More
Validation of Selected Optical Methods for Assessing Polyethylene (PE) Liners Used in High Pressure Vessels for Hydrogen Storage
Jun 2021
Publication
A polyethylene (PE) liner is the basic element in high-pressure type 4 composite vessels designed for hydrogen or compressed natural gas (CNG) storage systems. Liner defects may result in the elimination of the whole vessel from use which is very expensive both at the manufacturing and exploitation stage. The goal is therefore the development of efficient non-destructive testing (NDT) methods to test a liner immediately after its manufacturing befor Read More
Hydrogen Trapping in bcc Iron
May 2020
Publication
Fundamental understanding of H localization in steel is an important step towards theoretical descriptions of hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms at the atomic level. In this paper we investigate the interaction between atomic H and defects in ferromagnetic body-centered cubic (bcc) iron using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Hydrogen trapping profiles in the bulk lattice at vacancies dislocations and grain boundaries (GBs) are calcula Read More
Critical Assessment of the Effect of Atmospheric Corrosion Induced Hydrogen on Mechanical Properties of Advanced High Strength Steel
Dec 2020
Publication
Hydrogen absorption into steel during atmospheric corrosion has been of a strong concern during last decades. It is technically important to investigate if hydrogen absorbed under atmospheric exposure conditions can significantly affect mechanical properties of steels. The present work studies changes of mechanical properties of dual phase (DP) advanced high strength steel specimens with sodium chloride deposits during corrosion in humid air usin Read More
Advanced Optimal Planning for Microgrid Technologies Including Hydrogen and Mobility at a Real Microgrid Testbed
Apr 2021
Publication
This paper investigates the optimal planning of microgrids including the hydrogen energy system through mixed-integer linear programming model. A real case study is analyzed by extending the only microgrid lab facility in Austria. The case study considers the hydrogen production via electrolysis seasonal storage and fuelling station for meeting the hydrogen fuel demand of fuel cell vehicles busses and trucks. The optimization is performed relative t Read More
Using the Jet Stream for Sustainable Airship and Balloon Transportation of Cargo and Hydrogen
Jul 2019
Publication
The maritime shipping sector is a major contributor to CO2 emissions and this figure is expected to rise in coming decades. With the intent of reducing emissions from this sector this research proposes the utilization of the jet stream to transport a combination of cargo and hydrogen using airships or balloons at altitudes of 10–20 km. The jet streams flow in the mid-latitudes predominantly in a west–east direction reaching an average wind speed of 165 Read More
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